1, Hemudu people
The original inhabitants of Hemudu have used grinding stone tools, cultivated land and planted rice. Hemudu will also build dry fence houses, transport people and things by boats and rafts, collect floating water, cultivate artificial rice with knives, knives, hammers, shovels, spears, bowls, barrels, sticks, handles, spinning wheels, butterfly devices and other wood products, and raise livestock such as sheep, deer and monkeys.
The earliest lacquerware found in China was unearthed in Hemudu, and its pottery production has reached a certain level. Estimated maximum firing temperature 1000℃. ?
Six or seven thousand years ago, Hemudu area was still a swamp. When Hemudu people build houses, they first lay wooden stakes with a length of 1 m, and erect criss-crossing keels (ground beams) on the wooden stakes, and then lay floors with a thickness of more than 10 cm on the ground beams, and erect columns, beams and roofs on the floors. The floor plays a role in preventing moisture, insects and snakes. It can be used to feed livestock. This floor is the living room. From the height of the column, people can't go in and out upright, but it has made great progress compared with nesting.
2.Banpo people
Banpo people lived in banpo village, Xi, Shaanxi Province, 6000 years ago, and were in the prosperous stage of matriarchal clan commune. Stone grinding tools are widely used. With the development of primitive agriculture, primitive animal husbandry began, mainly raising pigs and dogs. Can make colorful painted pottery, can use pottery, can build semi-crypt houses and settle down. Mainly engaged in primitive agriculture, the stone tools used are relatively fine grinding stone tools.
Slope people have used a large number of production tools such as stone shovels, axes, hoes and knives, and entered a relatively developed stage of primitive agriculture. They cut down trees with stone axes and loggers, weed and set fires, dig up land with stone shovels, dig holes with stone hoes and sharp sticks, and finally harvest with stone sickles or pottery sickles. When eating, they peel the skin and crush it with a stone mill and a stone mill stick.
At present, the rotten remains of Banpo people's pots and millet have been found, which proves that Banpo people have learned to cultivate, and millet is drought-tolerant, easy to grow and easy to store. It not only raised ancestors 6,000 years ago, but is still the main crop planted in northern China.
Extended data
Three economic and cultural areas of Neolithic culture, including Hemudu and Banpo's original inhabitants.
1, the dryland agricultural economic and cultural zone, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Liaohe River and Haihe River Basin, is the origin of dryland agriculture such as millet and millet. Pigs and dogs were raised very early, and later cows and sheep were raised.
2. The economic and cultural area of rice farming, mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Agriculture in Lingnan area has been underdeveloped, and the fishing and hunting economy occupies a relatively important position, which can be divided into a sub-region. Rice was planted very early in this area, which is an important origin of rice farming. In the early days, pigs and dogs were raised, and later buffalo and sheep were raised one after another.
3. Hunting and gathering economic and cultural areas, including most parts of Northeast China north of the Great Wall, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, account for about 2/3 of the country. Except for a few places, there is basically no agriculture in this area, microliths are particularly developed and rarely grind stone tools, and pottery is not very developed.