In French and even European history, Provinse is a very famous and wealthy commercial town. From 10 century to about 13 century, the champagne region connecting northern, southern and eastern France was an important commercial center in Europe. Champagne Council has been established in this area, and champagne fairs are held in different towns in turn every year to carry out various trade activities. Because of its special geographical location, convenient transportation and privileged protection for businessmen, Provinse has become the most famous champagne market town in Zhucheng, and an important meeting point of trade routes between Nordic countries and the Mediterranean. Its trade activities have expanded to Africa and the East through Italy and the Netherlands.
It is said that every time the Champagne Market opens, businessmen and tourists from all over the world jostle shoulder to shoulder, full of voices and excitement. The market is mixed with music and magic shows. In addition, people are also engaged in the trading of wool, cloth, grain and other commodities. One of the main transactions is to exchange Nordic fabrics for spices, dyes and other valuable commodities in Mediterranean ports. In order to decorate the church, the church also used the market to import ivory, jewelry, wood and stones from Africa. Market transactions only carry out wholesale business of whole packages and barrels of goods, and there is no retail business. Provinse set up its own guild, with a special person responsible for maintaining market order and protecting the safety of businessmen; In order to solve disputes in trade activities, special courts have been set up to supervise the payment of taxes, the verification of contracts, the settlement of disputes and litigation, and even send people to arrest criminals all over Europe. These almost constitute the embryonic form of modern international trade norms. More importantly, the market also provides a place for the intersection and integration of various ideas, including eastern and western culture and art, and the prosperity of trade has brought about the prosperity of cultural exchanges. This grand occasion lasted until14th century. With the opening of new maritime trade routes, religious wars, plagues and the abolition of commercial privileges, the champagne market in Provinse and other towns gradually declined.
As a model of commercial towns in Western Europe in the Middle Ages, Provinse still maintains the architectural pattern of that year. Urban planning is orderly and buildings are scattered. There is a square in the center of the residential area, with a tall stone cross standing; During the fair, many money exchange businesses were here. Champagne Parliament also issued announcements or decrees under the cross. The stone houses in the town are very unique in shape, triangular, and some look like a thick candle from the front. One of the most exquisite buildings in the square, with four planes all in the same triangle, is now a hotel. There is also a building that was the seat of the court in those days to hear litigation disputes during the fair. Many houses also have underground wine cellars or wine cellars to store goods. There is a tithe warehouse. The spacious inner hall is two stories high, and rows of parallel stone pillars support the arc dome. Now it is a museum, and some objects and wax figures show the trading activities of merchants in those days. The lower town built at the foot of the mountain used to be a swamp, adjacent to two small rivers. Because many wool spinning enterprises in medieval Provinse needed a lot of industrial water, the city builders dug ditches along the water's edge to build houses, forming a water town landscape that is still visible today: the clear river flows silently between ancient cities, so it is also called "Little Venice".
Provinse's strongest impression is integrity. The whole ancient city, whether in urban planning or architectural style, has retained its features since the Middle Ages. Walking in the city, you can hardly see the traces of modern architecture. Streets, squares, churches, stone houses, private houses, bridges, iron fences ... everything is carefully preserved. According to city officials, there are strict regulations on the protection and transformation of the whole town. Residents still live in the ancient town. Although the internal facilities of the building have been modernized, the appearance must remain the same. Neither the municipal government nor the owner of the house has the right to transform the ancient town or ancient building without authorization. If it is really necessary to repair, it must be approved by the representative of the local architects association.
It is through the unremitting efforts of several generations that Provinse has become a model to witness French culture and history today. In February, 200165438+,UNESCO listed it on the World Cultural Heritage List. In this regard, the World Cultural Heritage Committee's evaluation reason is: Provinse confirmed the great influence of1-13rd century on European economy, trade, culture and urban construction planning, and has maintained the original structure and real features of the city so far. It is an outstanding model of architecture and represents the beginning of economic and cultural exchanges in continental Europe. At the official ceremony to celebrate Provinse's inclusion in the World Heritage List, French President Jacques Chirac once said with deep affection: "I pay tribute to every resident of Provinse, because they shoulder the heavy responsibility of protecting this city that has brought great pride to France. I believe that the strong feelings in their hearts will urge them to cherish the city and share and care for this heritage with all tourists in order to succeed. "
Only 80 kilometers away from Paris, Provinse is quiet and simple. The power of time is particularly dignified here. Perhaps only the boutique hotels near the ancient buildings in the city are suggesting that this is not a paradise.
Provinse is located 80 kilometers east of Paris, and now belongs to the province of Senana. 200165438+February 13, the whole city was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since then, its reputation has become more and more prominent, tourists have poured in, and its original ecology is facing a new test.
The surface forgotten by time
UNESCO has never been stingy in its praise of Provinse: the whole urban area of Provinse has proved the great changes from 1 1 century to13rd century.
Whether it is economy, trade, culture or urban planning, today's cities have maintained a set of true features of the past cities. At the same time, the whole urban area of Provinse is also an outstanding model of architecture, especially those wine cellars with domes, which show a far-reaching history in human history-the beginning of economic and cultural exchanges on the European continent.
Forgetting is a beginning.
If you are interested in French history, the history books in 802 AD prove the existence of Provinse, and the first military buildings were built in Provinse during this period.
Since 1 1 century, Provinse has embarked on a journey of rapid development, and its ruler, then Ors, developed it into a city. Because it is the intersection of Beihai port and Mediterranean port and two major trade centers: Flandre and Italy (the former is responsible for the trade between northern Europe and eastern Europe, while the latter is responsible for the contact with Byzantium, Africa and the East), and because of its influential market twice a year, the whole city has gradually become one of the trade highlands in Europe.
Compared with other defensive cities, Provinse is different in that it avoids modern urbanization and industrialization. Its wall is the most magnificent in Europe, and it has been kept intact except for several reinforcement. The structure of the aborigines has never changed. Farmers or farmers live in the city center. In those ancient buildings inherited from their ancestors, they are still engaged in agricultural production and still follow the lifestyle of several generations ago. Agricultural tractors for production will still pass through the main roads of the city.
Provinse seems to be forgotten by time, but it is this "forgetting" that gives it new historical opportunities, but those who are fascinated and attracted by it may hope that it will be forgotten forever.
The pinnacle of architecture
The medieval city of Provinse consisted of a high city and a lower city. At the same time, provins provides a complete architecture example. Houses, city walls, wine cellars, water conservancy projects and religious buildings all show the world an extremely important chapter in human history: the beginning of European economic exchanges.
There are many narrow and tortuous roads in the city, most of which still retain their unique names, and there is an exquisite water conservancy network praised by romantic artists as "Little Venice". In these two cities, we can find the original plans for holding fairs, houses once occupied by businessmen from all over Europe and the East, small restaurants for eating, and vaulted cellars for storing goods. From their place names, we can also see the uses and ethnic characteristics of some areas, such as Second-hand Street, Marsh Street, Grass Path, Dyeing Path, German Street and holland street. It truly reproduces the economic, trade and cultural life of the thirteenth century and the urban laws and regulations of this period.
Provinse, Provinse, Provinse
This city is an outstanding model of architecture, especially those domed wine cellars, which shows the beginning of economic and cultural exchanges in continental Europe. Provinse lies 80 kilometers east of Paris. Since A.D. 1000, the earl here has organized a "market passage" to pay for escorting the whole group of businessmen who came to the market. In the fragrant champagne, literature, economy, art and fashion in this area are in full swing.
It was not until the European trade routes diverted to the Alps that people began to make more and more full use of the Strait of Gibraltar, and the prosperous business in the14th century gradually came to an end.
The whole city has undoubtedly become an excellent example of a commercial city in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. There are many narrow and tortuous roads in the city, most of which still retain their own unique names, and there are exquisite water conservancy networks praised by romantic artists as "Little Venice". In the city, it is not difficult to find the planning of holding the market at the beginning, as well as the houses, small restaurants and vaulted cellars where businessmen from all over Europe and the East once lived ... From their place names, we can also see the use and nationality of some districts, such as second-hand streets and oriental wine cellars.
The city reached its heyday during the reign of Prince Thibaugh IV of Champagne. Duke Thibaugh IV is not only a strategist, but also a poet who is known as "an artist who writes and sings". It is said that he left the army on 1226 because of his lover, Regent Brown Friedrich Hirth Castile.
Compared with other medieval cities, Provinse is a world heritage city, not a cultural center, but Provinse is the only fair city that retains the authenticity of13rd century architecture and urban planning. More importantly, compared with other defensive cities, Provinse is different in that it avoids modern urbanization and industrialization, and its walls are the most magnificent in Europe. Although it has been strengthened several times, it has never changed.
From April to June,165438+1October, cultural performances continued here, including raptor flying, knight competition, harvest celebration, wine cellar, house, tithe barn, St. Kilias church, St. Ai Wu church and St. Kejingwa church.