Czech full name: Czech, a landlocked country in Central Europe, with a land area of 78,866 square kilometers, formerly Czechoslovakia, which was peacefully separated from Slovakia in 1993. In terms of Czech international address, although it is customary to use Czech as a title in English, in fact, in an official document published by 1993, the Czech Foreign Ministry requires all countries in the world to use Czech (compared with Czech? Esko), while the Czech Republic keeps it as an official document, and its international code is CZ.

In 2006, the Czech Republic was listed as a developed country by the World Bank. Among Eastern European countries, the Czech Republic has a high human development index.

I. Physical geography of the Czech Republic

1, location and area

The Czech Republic borders Slovakia in the east, Austria in the south, Poland in the north and Germany in the west, with a land area of 78,866 square kilometers, including 77,276 square kilometers of land area and water area of 1.590 square kilometers. It consists of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia.

2. Topography

The Czech Republic is located in three uplifted quadrilateral basins with fertile land. There are Kelkonos Mountain in the north, Shumava Mountain in the south, and Czech-Moravian Plateau with an average elevation of 500-600 meters in the east and southeast. Most areas in the basin are below 500 meters above sea level, including Rabe River Plain, Bilsen Basin, Ershi Hill Basin, South Czech Lake and swamp areas. Vltava river is the longest river, which flows through Prague. The Elbe River originates from the Rabe River in the Czech Republic and is navigable. The upper reaches of the Morava-Oder River basin in the east is the zone between the Czech basin and the Slovak mountains, and it is called the Morava-Oder River Corridor, which has been the main trade channel in northern and southern Europe since ancient times. The whole country has rolling mountains, dense forests and beautiful scenery. The country is divided into two geographical regions, one is the Bohemian highlands in the western half, and the other is the Carpathian mountains in the eastern half, which is composed of a series of east-west mountains. The highest point is Grakhov Ski Peak, 2655 meters above sea level. Highlands, hills and basins appear alternately in the territory. The border is mountainous, and the elevation of Snezika Mountain in Sudede Mountain is1602m. The lowest sea level in China 1 15m.

3. Climate

It belongs to temperate climate, and it is a transition from maritime climate to continental climate. It is hot in summer and cold and snowy in winter. It is the hottest in July and the coldest in 65438+ 10. The average temperature in Prague is 19.5℃ in July and -0.5℃ in June.

4. Time difference

East 1, earlier than GMT 1 hour; 7 hours later than Beijing time.

Second, the human geography situation

1, partition

The Czech Republic is divided into 14 state-level administrative regions, including the capital Prague and 13 states.

Central Bohemia (St.? Edo? esky kraj)

South Bohemia (Jiho? esky kraj)

Plze won sky krai

Usti-sur-Rabe (→→→ Stecky Kraj)

Berec (Free Krai)

Hradec Kralov-Chladecky Kray (Kralov-Chladecky Kray)

Padubichkrai

Visokina state (Vyso? ina)

Jihomoravsky kraj

Olomuk Jordan Mutch

Zlinszky Kray

Moravia-Silesia

2. Capital

Prague is the capital and largest city of Czech Republic, located in central Bohemia and on the vltava river.

Domain. Located in the center of the European continent, this city has always played an important role in transportation and has close ties with neighboring countries (especially Berlin and Vienna, the capitals of two German-speaking countries).