The Reform Movement of 1898 refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists headed by Kang Youwei through Emperor Guangxu in 1898 (the year of the Reform Movement of 1898). Its main contents are: learning from the west, advocating science and culture, reforming political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce. This movement was strongly opposed by the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. In September this year, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a coup, Guangxu was imprisoned, and the reformists were killed or fled abroad. The reform that lasted only 103 days finally failed. Also known as the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Hundred Days Reform.
The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement, culminated in the Hundred Days Reform, which was a political reform movement during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty in China (1898). This reform advocated that Emperor Guangxu personally led the political system reform, and hoped that China would embark on the modernization road of constitutional monarchy.
Westernization Movement
After the two Opium Wars, the ruling class of the Qing government was divided into "Westernization School" and "Die-hards" on how to solve a series of problems of internal and external troubles. The Westernization School advocated making Qiang Bing rich with advanced western production technology, getting rid of its predicament and maintaining the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty with capitalist industrial and commercial means. From 1960s to 1990s, the Westernization School set off a reform movement "Westernization Movement" that "learned from foreigners and mastered their skills".
Three Principles of the People
The program of democratic revolution advocated by Sun Yat-sen consists of the principles of nationalism, democracy and people's livelihood, which is called "Three People's Principles" for short. This is the basic program of China Kuomintang. The development process of the Three People's Principles is divided into two stages, namely, the old Three People's Principles and the new Three People's Principles. This is the precious spiritual heritage of the people of China.
Nationalism: Oppose the invasion of foreign powers, overthrow the warlords who collude with imperialism, seek the equality of all ethnic groups in China, and recognize the right of national self-determination. Democracy: implementing democratic politics owned by ordinary people to prevent the disadvantages of the current system in Europe and America. The people have four powers (regimes) to govern the government: election, recall, creation and referendum, and the government has five powers (regimes) to govern the country: legislation, justice, administration, inspection and supervision. Its core idea emphasizes the distinction between direct civil rights and power, that is, the government has political power and the people have political power. People's livelihood: There are two most important principles, one is the equality of land rights (land to the tiller), and the other is the control of capital (private individuals cannot manipulate the people's livelihood).