According to legend, the author of "Chile Song" was Hu, the ministry of Gao Huan, the founding emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty. In 546 AD, when Gao Huan, the powerful minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, fought the Yubi War (that is, when the "Chili Song" was born), Xianbei people ruled the north-central part of Shanxi for nearly 150 years. In 534 AD, Gao Huan established the Eastern Wei Dynasty (the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, which made Xi 'an its capital in 535 AD the following year). After that, he became prime minister. Although his capital is located in Yecheng, Linzhang County, Hebei Province, his ruling center is still in Shanxi (Gao Huan's prime minister's office is located in Jinyang, and the address is in the south of Taiyuan, Shanxi). In this period of nearly 150 years, Zile and Xianbei people have merged and lived together on the land north of the Yellow River, with the north-central Shanxi as the center. In 546 AD, Gao Huan led hundreds of soldiers to attack Yubi, a military town in the Western Wei Dynasty (in the southwest of Jishan County in the south of Shanxi Province) with 70,000 people. On the way back to Jinyang, it was rumored that the arrow would die, and Gao Huan was forced to give a banquet to meet the minister in spite of his illness. In order to boost the army's morale, he ordered the Ministry of Education to take the lead in composing a song that can show the national character of Xianbei and Zile. Hu Lvjin wrote "Song of Chile" and took the lead in singing. Gao Huan also sang along, which made the soldiers nostalgic and boosted their morale. Therefore, "Chilean Song" has been widely circulated in the military camp and has been circulated to this day. But it is hard to say whether it is his original.
The first two sentences of "Song of Chile" explain that the Chilean River is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which sets off the grassland background very grandly. The next two sentences, using the metaphor of "vault", say that the sky is like a yurt, covering all directions of the grassland, so as to describe the magnificent scene of the distant future and the connection between Amano and Amano. The last three sentences describe the panoramic view of the grassland with rich water plants and fat cattle and sheep. There is stillness, movement, image and color.
The whole poem has a distinctive and bold style, an open realm, a majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic generalization, which has always been praised by literary critics and literary history works. Academic research on it is also enduring.
Creation background
From the 4th century to the 6th century, most of northern China was ruled by Xianbei, Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities, and the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty were successively established.
Five regimes, known in history as the "Northern Dynasties". Folk songs in the Northern Dynasties were mainly recorded in Chinese after the Northern Wei Dynasty. These songs are bold and unconstrained in style, lyrical and straightforward, and plain in language, which shows the heroic spirit of the northern nationalities. This folk song "Chile Song" was first seen in the 86th volume of Yuefu Poems edited by Guo Songmao. It is generally believed that it is a folk song written by Chileans. It was formed in the middle and late 5th century.
In the history books, the earliest mention of the Chile Song is the Book of the History of the North Qi written by li yanshou in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. In 546 AD, Gao Huan, the founding emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty, led 100,000 troops from Jinyang to attack Yubi, a military town in the Western Wei Dynasty (now southwest of Jishan County in southern Shanxi), and 70,000 troops were lost. On the way back to Jinyang, it was rumored in the army that an arrow would die, and Gao Huan was forced to give a banquet in spite of illness. In order to boost the morale of the army, he ordered Hu to sing "Song of Chile", which made the soldiers nostalgic and boosted their morale.
Who is the author of the song of Chile? There have been different views from all walks of life. Some people think that Hu is one of the authors, and some even think that Hu is the author. Some people think that Hu is only the earliest known singer, not the author.
works appreciation
This folk song outlines the magnificent and rich scenery of the northern grassland, and expresses the pride of Chileans who love their hometown and life. It has an open realm, magnificent timbre, clear language and strong artistic generalization.
"Chilechuan, under the Yinshan Mountain", the poem begins with a high-pitched tone and sings the natural characteristics of the north, which is unobstructed and boundless. These concise six words, bold and broad in style, show the strong character of the Chilean nation.
"The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers four fields." These two sentences come from the background above, saying that the picture is magnificent and the Amano is magnificent. At the same time, grasping the most typical characteristics of this national life, the singer drew a picture of the northern country with a pen like a rafter.
"The sky is grey, the wild is vast, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low." The two sentences "Heaven" and "Wilderness" are inherited, and the brushwork of description slightly overlaps, which contains a lyrical artistic conception. The author highlighted the vastness and remoteness of the sky, and the verdant and infinite of Yuan Ye with overlapping words. These two sentences show the broad mind and heroic character of nomadic people. The last sentence "seeing cattle and sheep at the slightest sign" is the crowning touch of the full text, which depicts a rich and happy scene.
This song has a distinct nomadic color and a strong grassland flavor. From language to artistic conception, it can be said that it is natural, its quality is straightforward and simple, and its meaning is really pure. There are no obscure sentences in the language, which express the heroic feelings of nomadic people in a simple and vivid way.
Works review
Yuan Haowen, a great poet in Yuan Dynasty, was descended from Xianbei people. He also expressed deep appreciation for "Chile Song": "Generous songs will never spread, and songs in the vault will be natural. Zhongzhou Yingqi also went to Yinshan Chilechuan. "
Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty said: "This song became a prose poem, but it was inadvertently sent by people who couldn't write it, so it was unpretentious, so that scholars at that time wanted to carve it." In the 1960s, The History of China Literature by the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences said: "The language is concise and tasteful, the whole poem is coherent and the tone is strong, even in folk songs, it is very prominent." Cao Daoheng and Shen Yucheng's Literary History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties also made a similar evaluation: "The language is simple and natural, and the weather is vast, just like the painter's brush strokes. In an instant, a thick painting of the Great Wall appeared at the bottom of the pen."