The first flaw of this theory is based on the premise of speculation.
The first set of formulas for the origin of life is simple compound, inorganic →→→ protein → complex life → polymer organic compound → polymer, and then under the physical and chemical conditions found by this formula, what conditions are needed for evolution? Protein, a transitional organic matter, is really difficult to find a series of contradictions and struggles under suitable conditions, so it is divided into two summaries. What is more difficult is how the protein metabolism of polymers is generated. There is no other way, and then internal and external chemistry evolves and differentiates into a word.
As we know, protein, to form a cell's life, there must be more than 2,000 different enzymes involved, and there can be no mistakes. The connection between them, a small equivalent probability sign is 1 -6, even the dice are thrown 500,000 times, and each time it must be 6 points. Like a huge wind blowing through a garbage dump, the Boeing 747 plane happened naturally. Is this possible?
In today's high-tech era, a laboratory can simulate the conditions required by various evolutionary theories, but so far, the process of life may not be repeated and can not be verified by experiments. 1953: The discharge test of hydrogen, methane, ammonia and water vapor synthesized by Stanley Miller is composed of four amino acids under the same atmospheric conditions, which may be the simplest structure among 20 kinds. After 30 years of service life and continuous testing, it is still impossible to achieve. The most difficult thing to solve is: suppose that the first amino acid cannot be produced in the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. If there is no oxygen and amino acids are produced, cosmic rays will be destroyed. This contradiction can't be solved in any case. There is a bigger problem: there are more than 100 kinds of amino acids, and there are more than 20 kinds of amino acids in protein that make all living things left-handed. Chance rate is impossible. Physicist Bernard said, "Maybe we can never explain." The accident rate was 50.50/kloc-0.00 grains of soybeans and red beans, and the accident rate of scooping out 20 grains of red with a spoon was10-13. 10-50 desperate science.
In fact, Darwin didn't understand that cells were not as easy as he was, and the film wrapped them. This movie is a very complicated thing. Protein, sugar and fat molecules. These molecules did not exist in the initial stage of biological evolution. In addition, molecular synthesis and maintenance activities must involve enzymes, otherwise it will. Instead of several enzymes, there are 2000 kinds of protein as enzymes to keep active in cells. This possibility is 10-40000, which has reached an absurd level.
The theory of contradiction and conflict transformation holds that everything in the world is full of contradictions, and the second defect of the materialist transformation of this theory is direct contradiction. However, the transformation of contradictions is conditional and must be expressed by external factors (environment and objective conditions) and internal conditions. For example, at the right temperature and time, a fertilized egg is called to hatch a chicken. Affected by external factors such as temperature, fertilized eggs are internal. No matter how long it takes (for example,1015 million years), no matter how appropriate the temperature is, no matter what absurd conditions, we can't turn a stone into a chicken, but an unfertilized egg can't hatch a chicken. Due to internal factors, the transformation is unqualified. Because of this, how can we expect inanimate objects to be living things without internal components?
The theory of life evolution will not happen naturally. All life is not an inanimate thing. Rotten grass can't enter fireflies, dead wood can't be used as sunlight for cicadas, and temperature can't produce fish and other things in the soil. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, experiments proved that carrion could not produce natural maggots. The maggot generation must descend to the biological spore (germ) of carrion. Someone has done an experiment: pour gravy on a glass bottle with a narrow neck, bend it with fire, boil the thick juice and kill all microorganisms and spores, so that the treated gravy will not rot no matter how long it is placed on the bottle. If the bottleneck is cut off and the gravy is exposed to the outside air, microbial spores can fly down, the gravy stinks a long time ago, and microorganisms multiply. This experiment proves that life can only come from life, and lifeless matter cannot produce life. In the face of facts, evolutionists have to admit that life is not a sudden change from hundreds to millions of years, but such a long time. Therefore, it is invisible to push things to agnosticism, because no one can track what happened for a long time. The waiter also asked a question: in this case, is time everything?
The third flaw of this theory is based on appearances, not material imagination, not facts.
They believe that all living things originated from primitive cells. They have a certain blood relationship and a common ancestor. In this way, people have to believe that elephants and fleas evolved from the same ancestor, eagles circled in the sky and frogs jumped in small cells outside the field. Understanding the biological kinship is an understanding, that is, there is a common origin. "(Biological Evolution 2 1 1973 Science Press)
"About 4 million years ago, our ancestors fished ... About 300 million years ago, our ancestors did not leave the water, and amphibians lived on land again. Their limbs are not strong enough, not only the limbs running on land support their bodies, but also they always drag their bodies when walking. Their skin is exposed, and they have no scales, feathers or hair ... About two million years ago, our ancestors became the ace of climbing trees, which was about 65,438+million years ago for apes and primates. Our ancestors threw away their tails, which were orangutans, the so-called Australopithecus hundreds of millions of years ago. Our ancestors had to live under trees and walk upright. " (ibid., p. 38)
Why is there such a bizarre imagination? This is because they think that monkeys are most similar to people in appearance, so people must change it. Apes can only evolve from reptiles. Living in the water from the beginning, and then finding something that reptiles can change in the water, looking around, only fin fish means that the earth that may become a foot fin fish living in the water cannot survive. They imagine that the inner nostril of the finless fish can promote land to enter respiratory organs, such as the lungs. Unexpectedly, these carefully conceived new scientific discoveries were recently overturned and published in People's Daily on August 3 1, 65438, 6982. "Middle-aged scientists in China filled the nostrils of the fin fish, which shook the traditional theory of the origin of terrestrial quadrupeds and aroused great interest from international paleontologists." The article said: "The biological evolution of terrestrial quadrupeds and aquatic invertebrates-fish. How did they land? In the past hundred years, the academic circles have been arguing endlessly. The influential Swedish paleontologist believes that about 350 million years ago, in the land of animals, the final total fin fish was a fish with internal nostrils. You can't breathe air directly with gills. The development conditions of their four fin bones and "four legs" are likely to evolve into amphibians when they climb the land, and then evolve into reptiles, mammals, fish and even humans. "
Scientists have analyzed the nasal sac of Zhang Miman's bearded fish in China. She found that the fish was not in her nostrils, but it did not belong to water that her nose could not breathe. There is no material basis for life on shore, which shakes the ancestors of finfish who advocate land quadrupeds. "
The same is true of the long-bearded fish fossils captured in the West Indian Ocean 1946, which proves that it has no deformation, and it can neither survive in the sea nor crawl on the ground with four fins. BR/>； Similarly, Archaeopteryx has long been the ancestor of birds, and many textbooks (including primary and secondary school textbooks and university textbooks, dictionaries, etc. ) spread the concept. Today, the note under "Archaeopteryx" in version 1980 is reproduced: "Ancient birds. The oldest birds, such as crows, have become a wing in body size, feathers and forelimbs, but they also have three independent phalanges, with long tails (20 tails), jaws, teeth and reptiles. It is considered as a transitional fossil from reptiles to birds. It was discovered in the late Jurassic strata in Germany. Cihai 1 10 1
Legend has it that the first archaeopteryx fossil was found near Karl, Maryland, Germany. Habtriein's Bavarian Sulun fire is in 186 1, and this plate is a collection of stones and limestone. The second archaeopteryx fossil was collected near the same place in 16. So far, these two specimens are considered to be the most important fossils in the world, because they reveal a transitional form between reptiles and birds, and they are exhibited in natural history museums in London and East Berlin.
Not surprisingly, the latest is the auditorium on the second floor of an old British physicist. He pointedly pointed out that the first archaeopteryx fossil was a forgery, and it was just a standard reptile bone with a beautiful decorative feather artificially added.
At the same time, it reveals whether archaeopteryx fossils are true or not, but they are false. Cardiff Archaeological Institute, British Paleophysics Building C, vikram Martina, Israeli physicist, excuse me. They asserted that the two archaeopteryx fossils collected by Dr. Carl Habelin were fakes, and they had taken photos of the specimens. Recently published British photography monthly bookbr/>; Paleontologists don't object to the news. An inspector at the Natural History Museum in London made up a lie to add feathers. He has no idea why the evolution of birds is so realistic. Perhaps paleontologists and forgers in those days were so eager to use gambling to achieve blockbuster or even immortality!
In order to see through the fake specimens and reveal the desire of birds to evolve, let's take a look at the fossil pictures taken by Qian Qianna with the support of the Natural History Museum in London in June 2008+February last year. It clearly shows that these two specimens are similar to small dinosaur fossil reptiles, forging glue feathers or cement models similar to feathers, and then turning from fake ones. This is because physicists who find traces of glue under feathers can easily confirm whether these two fossil models are excellent or not.
Another important basis for confirming the humanized configuration of feathers is the sharing of 12 feather fossil specimens. If the tail feather is pulled out, it will leave a lizard-like tail, modern bird species and defects exposed by fossil bones.
This animal can't fly before it is finished, because it must have a keel or a bird's sternum, which in itself violates the concept of "archaeopteryx" (Natural History magazine, April 24, 85)
Today, this fake case that has been cheated for more than 100 years must be clarified and the so-called transitional connection between reptiles and birds must be broken. The scientific community realized: "Now it seems that this may be an outdated and wrong idea." (Archaeopteryx 87 1 1 "Archaeopteryx is not a bird" extracted from Science Illustrated)
One of the six unsolved and missing links in science today is the theory of evolution, which has not been proved. The Englishman Huxley proved that human beings can't directly evolve from apes, and there should be a ring in the middle. Japanese anthropologists believe that there should be an "ape-man" between apes and humans, but it has never been found.
Evolutionary phenomena, if this is true, should be a continuous process, and they cannot break out in an instant and then disappear. So it should be a link that can be seen everywhere in the biosphere. Like people, like apes, like fast horses, like cattle, after more than one hundred years 102, they became people, like people, just like horses evolved into horses, and non-beef cattle evolved into cattle. Unfortunately, the evolutionary "semi-finished product" between these two types has never been found.
It has been over 100 years since the theory of evolution appeared, but we haven't seen the gene mutation of one organism or other reasons affecting another organism, but there have been many speculations for thousands of years! But today's science cannot find evidence. This is the biggest weakness.
Traces of evolution, human organs-cecum exists, people become herbivores. They think the reasonable explanation is that our ancestors ate plants, and the cecum and appendix can be our animal ancestors. Later, in the process of evolution, plants gradually became the staple food, so cecum lumbricus gradually degenerated into useless things, but the power to change genetic trace organs did not disappear because of living habits, but the greatly reduced organ size was irrelevant. "("biological evolution "volume 25)
These words do not prove that the theory of evolution is correct, but they illustrate the correct history of the Bible. Our ancestors ate plants and ate 2000 factories. God made our teeth eat plants, not meat. It was not until it flooded the world that God allowed people to eat animals (Gen. 9:3). After 4000 years, the cecum became smaller. This is not surprising, because heredity is so stable, how can power supply make one species to another?
Theoretically, the embryo evolved occasionally with the evidence of the baby's tail deformity, which is called "atavism" and evolved from macaques. This is an expression of looking at the face and illogical reasoning. If it is covered with white hair in this way, then why not prove that the goat has evolved and the rabbit's lip has evolved? This is a disease, not an "atavism".
In any case, evolution can't solve the five basic problems, the evolution between species.
(1) Acknowledge biological genetic correlation, for example, frogs give birth to frogs, and mice born of mice will not give birth to other organisms. But there are also changes, such as the size and color of individuals-the so-called individual differences.
(2) They realized that the chromosome in the nucleus is the genetic code of stable species, but they also proved the genetic functional unit of gene mutation-sometimes found on chromosomes. If the X-ray flux of neutrons or other means cause gene mutation of plant seeds and improve seed quality, a high-yielding organism is called Drosophila. In order to grow wings, the offspring may be short-lived wings, residual wings or color differences caused by changing genes-this is called gene mutation.
(3) They are aware of their dependence on the biological environment. The change of unfavorable environment may lead to the death of organisms, but it also emphasizes the struggle of powerful organisms for survival, such as the ability of individuals to cope with the environment of certain plants, to endure drought, to take root in the desert, and to develop their own biological individuals in struggle for existence's ability. -Call if the group leader is black and white, white is easy to be found in the struggle against the unfavorable conditions of forest survival.
(4) Harmful changes caused by the preservation of nature in a favorable direction and the destruction of mutating organisms. Often leads to destruction. Ice and snow help to survive in the world, and white may survive-this is the so-called natural selection.
(5) Geographical isolation often leads to the formation of a subspecies, such as the tiger, the Northeast Tiger and the South China Tiger, which adapt to the different climate and natural environment in the north and south, develop in different directions and produce different species-the so-called subspecies.
No matter what kind of creatures like frogs change and jump on Bush, although individual differences are still frog gene mutation, short wings or broken wings, fruit flies are still all white or all black, but they are still the same species, and regardless of the twins raised by Northeast Tiger, Tiger, Tiger and two cows under different conditions, they have significant differentiation and development. The tall and short dried peas of dried peas are crossed with peas. Radiation breeding in Japan caused gene mutation and formed new rice varieties, about 2 months ahead of schedule. The seeds contain more protein-this is a kind of mutation. The genetic variation of cattle is cattle, pea, pea, rice or rice moth in western Europe, which is gray-black. In the non-industrial area, the trunk of the industrial area is smoked by black smoke, and it is not easy for the black moth bird to find the developed trunk. Gray is easily eaten by birds. Gray is easy to protect the gray trunk, and black is still the food of birds-natural elimination, survival of the fittest, but whether it is a developed or gray-black moth.
So, from one species to another? How did cells evolve into elephants? How did the caterpillar become a magpie in the sky? The bridge of evolution has never been crossed. If humans evolved from apes, what is this blood type and how is it different? There are too many questions! They are just a simple definition: the gradual development of biological phenomena ... from simple to complex biological organs, from low to high, which is related to: from small to large creatures, plants 95.
Why is the giraffe's neck so long? Animals or evolution always change from single cells to multi-cells, and all kinds of cells improve life skills. "Biological evolution"? Some scientists explain "use in and waste out" and "acquired inheritance". Giraffe, giraffe's ancestors lived in the environment around the grassland. In order to survive, they should always cran their necks to eat leaves. After several generations, the neck gradually became longer and finally became what it is today.
Some scientists explain the theory of "natural selection". The ancestors of giraffes also have subtle differences, and these differences will produce different results under certain conditions: in the event of natural disasters, long necks can eat leaves to save lives, short necks are eliminated, and long-necked descendants are spared.
In fact, the evolutionary tradeoff that evolution often talks about is that giraffes eat leaves for a longer time regardless of external factors, but they don't pay attention to such a high level. In order to maintain blood pressure, how much motivation must the heart have. There is a special valve in the internal jugular vein, so the blood will not flow back too fast. Is this the evolution of synchronization, or is it the "installation" after it? If so, the eyes behind human beings are very long, why not let this requirement evolve? Why can't a son who can swim be born to swim?
The defect of the fourth theory of evolution is due to the lack of speculative opportunities based on scientific theories, rather than the inevitable result, which puts itself in a difficult predicament.
Almost inevitable evolutionary laws and evidence, in order to cover up in a short period of nearly two hundred years, and continue. Whenever we find it, in this case, we will express it in another way. At present, it belongs to straight talk, evolution, nature, Lamarck and new Lamarck. Single Darwinism includes Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism and Darwinism.
Darwin's theory of evolution, of course, does not know the genetic code of genes in the body. This is a stable genetic factor that keeps every species stable. In biological cells, another substance is called deoxyribonucleic acid (also called DNA), and the substance is also called ribonucleic acid (also called RAN). The genetic material and traits of DNA are genetic features produced by the controlled state and controlled nucleic acid molecules in DNA and RNA, which can produce a nucleic acid molecule with the same molecular structure as the original copy from generation to generation. This paper describes the method of transmitting information by nucleic acid in molecular biology: firstly, the genetic information of deoxyribonucleic acid is transcribed into RNA, and the information of RNA and DNA enters the cytoplasm from the nucleus, and DNA instructs DNA (transcription) to guide the protein synthesis of the cytoplasm. This is the so-called "central rule" of heredity. You can use the formula →RNA (translation) → protein, which is a phenomenon of biological genetic variation, which is why children like their parents' characteristics from the previous generation to the next generation. The next generation record set on the nucleic acid (RNA) of the fertilized egg contains all the characteristics of parents (i.e. passwords). During the growth of fertilized eggs, the significance of RNA translation is that these passwords are combined with command cells according to the function of passwords, so they develop into the characteristics of children and parents. Although the human chromosome genes in the world don't add up, the information stored in each chromosome cell is as many as 8 million words, and the information content of eight Chinese encyclopedias is so much. These genetic information control people's personality, psychology, skin color, hair, face ... all human beings are the same.
In molecular biology, the molecular replication based on the molecular structure of nucleic acids is regular and follows the principle of base pairing, so biologists have confirmed that heredity is an unchangeable gene, but the most stable organic structure "genotype is relatively very stable because of the self-replication of genes."
The genes of a species can only be communicated within the species, but not with different species. Everything strictly follows the internal genes, replicates species and remains stable. Cattle give birth to cattle, and horses give birth to horses, because the size, quantity and shape of genes of cattle and horses are stable. For example, peas have 14 chromosomes, common wheat has 42 chromosomes, and humans have 46 chromosomes. The most striking thing is that chromosomes are bicellular organisms, and in fact half of the germ cells exist as a single number. For example, human cells have 46 chromosomes, sperm have 23 chromosomes and eggs have 23 chromosomes. When sperm and egg combine, the two groups of chromosomes recombine into 46 and recover twice, so the same type of life begins and the number of chromosomes remains stable from generation to generation. Monkeys are monkeys, and monkeys born are people. If the gene is unstable, the organism will fall into chaos. The world will always be a monster. It is said in the detailed rules that protein Theory evolved for the first time and produced metabolism. Is there a chromosome? What creature's chromosome is it? How to breed?
Horse-donkey hybrids, including mules, were born, and new plant varieties were adopted through cross-culture. However, hybrid sterility produced by plant species cannot be replicated. Genetic obstacle of grass-roots germ cells, research shows that the reproductive development of male and female mules is more perfect, but the reproductive organs of male mules can not produce estrogen. Although women in reproductive organs can produce hormone screws, they can't produce progesterone, which leads to weak, fast and immature eggs. Of course, they can't be fertilized, so there is only one mule.
When a new variety is bred by hybridization, the general characteristics of male or female varieties all disappear, and it must be re-established and restored after three generations. Excellent grafted varieties, directly sown, grow contemporary seedlings, not only have no advantages after grafting, but even the advantages of the original female parent have disappeared, because it is a very strict genetic code and very stubborn. The discovered genes, the theory of species change and the theory of evolution become impossible. Therefore, all the unknowns reveal the mystery, and more and more people in the scientific community believe in creationism.
Evolution meets the gap:
The insurmountable gap in theoretical evolution: from animals to birds to mammals to fish to amphibians.
(1) Fish → Amphibian gap: Spinosaurus, need to add pelvis, from two rooms to three rooms of the heart, hear the sound received from the surface into the eardrum, the tongue does not zoom, the eyes are covered, and can blink. ..... Being elected for the first time, because it has gills and swim bladder, it stays away from the swim bladder for the time being. Who knows that he denies it, because the lowest skull is completely different from amphibians, and originally wanted to release lungfish.
(2)→ Amphibians and reptiles are divided into shell-shaped colloidal eggs, and in vitro fertilization becomes leisure fertilization, the first fertilization. In order to have a shell, the reproductive organs should be changed.
(3) Reptiles → birds split: cold blood turned into blood, and hollow bones changed from solid to three rooms and four rooms. In such a telescope, the vision is improved, from five toes to four toes, and it is easy to master the branches. Deploy the airbag of the cooling system. For example, evolutionists often say archaeopteryx, but now they won't believe it themselves because it's a forgery.
(4) Reptiles → Mammals Division: Is the lactation function from the mammary gland viviparous? Evolution says that sweat glands evolved from reptiles, but the sweat glands of reptiles.
(5) Gap: from mammals to humans. Human brain, thought, tradition, culture, language, moral concept, wisdom. ......
1965 Two "molecular genetics" and another "microbial genetics" in France won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. They denied evolution.
1970, Jacques Mono, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, published the book "Contingency and Inevitability" in France, which is a complete system and shows the molecular biology of achievements. Biological evolution is a matter of pure chance. Basic biological properties of invariance. So the latest scientific achievements deny Darwin's theory of evolution.
Of course, not every "creationism" accepted by the scientific community denies "evolution". 1973, anthropologists published in the American Journal of Human Evolution said that there were no rules in the process of human evolution.
The wrong theory thinks that the current evolutionary dilemma has been solved, and they think that DNA replication is the wrong theme. For example, when a sperm DNA replicates incorrectly, the result is that the next generation mutates. Therefore, for thousands of years, it is undeniable that hundreds of fans have expanded endlessly, but you want to find the theoretical basis for evolution. In fact, it didn't help the "wrong theory".
There is no doubt that because all normal gene copies are carried out in strict accordance with certain instructions, if mistakes are abnormal, this mutation is sick and finally eliminated. For example, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant leaked dozens of kilograms of frogs, and two-meter-long bees affected by nuclear radiation discovered America. Mutation monster, so it is not constructive, but destructive mutation only produces mutation under X-ray irradiation and does not produce new species. A mutation that makes six fingers, but still hands instead of wings, can make a person's hair turn white, but it is still hair, not feathers. The mutation frequency of Drosophila melanogaster increased by more than 100 times, and a large number of malformations appeared, but it was still Drosophila. More interestingly, the mutant Drosophila has propagated for several generations and actually returned to normal individuals. So geneticists lamented: "A thousand mutations concentrated on a fruit fly will not give birth to a new species." It is unconvincing to regard the extremely rare pathology and error of biological inheritance as the mainstream and use it to explain biological evolution itself, because we all know that tiny DNA differences can only form the same variety, such as tiny differences between that person and that tall person, different personalities, and the size of cattle. The fur is different. If a person's reproductive gene mutates and gives birth to conjoined twins or two heads of state, is this a finger? Doctors advise pregnant women not to take certain drugs at the beginning of pregnancy, because it is easy to cause fetal malformation.
Therefore, guessing and explaining the opportunity of life's emergence and evolution is lack of scientific basis for a generation, but it ignores the necessity and regularity. Put the cart before the horse.
Since the theory of evolution is still dominant in our textbooks and is still being publicized, I can only say that overthrowing the theory of evolution is only a step in human exploration, and the secret of life will continue indefinitely.