Production:
1885, German gottlieb daimler installed an engine on a machine, and the world's first motorcycle was born. So the motorcycle was invented by German gottlieb daimler in 1885. Motorcycle sports related to motorcycles are one of the military sports. Competitive sports with motorcycles as instruments. There are two-wheel and three-wheel models, and each model is divided into several grades according to the working volume of the engine cylinder. According to the competition form, it can be divided into cross-country race, multi-day race, road race, track race and travel race. Rank by driving speed or driving skill.
Development history:
First, the history of motorcycles
1, derived from motor (internal combustion engine) and cycle engine.
1884, an Englishman, Edward butler, added a power device to his bicycle and made a tricycle powered by kerosene. 1885, the German "father of automobiles" made a three-wheeled motorcycle driven by a single-cylinder Xinhua gasoline engine. On August 29th of the same year, he obtained a patent for this invention.
Therefore, Daimler is recognized by the world as the inventor of motorcycles. Daimler's first motorcycle was driven by a four-stroke internal combustion engine. The working pit of the cylinder is 264 cubic centimeters. At 700 revolutions per minute, the power can reach 0.5 horsepower and the speed can reach 65,438+02 kilometers per hour. The car is made of wood, the rear wheel is driven by a belt, and there are auxiliary support wheels on both sides. In view of Daimler's irreplaceable historical position, after his death, the Udenberg branch of the German Engineer Association established his monument in Kantat Square. Because it was in this square that he drove his first motorcycle.
2. A brief history of motorcycle development
Since 1885, Germany invented and manufactured the world's first motorcycle powered by gasoline engine, the development of motorcycles has experienced great changes for more than 100 years.
The original motorcycle, a real model existing in Munich Science and Technology Museum, Germany, is the first motorcycle in the world that German Daimler obtained the patent invention priority on August 29th, 1885.
100 years ago, the gasoline engine at that time was still in a low-level and naive state, and the vehicle manufacturing at that time was still in the stage of carriage technology. Primitive motorcycles are quite different from modern motorcycles in appearance, structure and performance. The frame of the original Tommy car was made of wood. Judging from the wood grain, it was made by a carpenter. Wheels are also made of wood. The wheels are covered with iron. What is the middle and lower part of the frame? A square wooden frame with an engine on it, one on each side? A small supporting wheel, its function is to prevent toppling when it is stationary. Therefore. This car actually landed on four wheels. The engine cooled by a single-cylinder fan drives the rear wheel forward through two-stage reduction transmission of belt and gear. The car seat is saddle-shaped and covered with leather. The working volume of engine cylinder is 264mL, and the maximum power is 0.37 kW(70or/min), which is only 1/5 of that of modern simple motorcycle. Speed 12km, not much faster than walking. Udine didn't have a bumper like a spring at that time, so this car was called a "bone shaking car". As you can imagine, driving on the stone street in the19th century is worse than execution. Although the original motorcycle was so simple, it was only then that the motorcycle was constantly changed and improved, and the descendants of hundreds of millions of modern motorcycles with IOO for many years were formed.
Compared with German motorcycles, American motorcycles, among which Harry Davidson Company is world-famous. 1903 model 1 (the earliest commercial motorcycle in the United States) produced by Harley company in the United States. The engine cylinder of this car has a working volume of 409mL and a power of 2.94kW, and adopts a bicycle frame. Motorcycle is a product of the times, and it is a model that reflects the level of science and technology at that time, that is, motorcycles at different stages are marked with the development of science and technology in different times. The original motorcycle was not practical, because the technology at that time could not meet the most basic parts needed for its normal operation, so it could only be put in the laboratory.
19 from the 1990s to the beginning of the 20th century, early motorcycles began to have practical value, and were mass-produced in factories and became commodities. This is the second generation motorcycle, that is, the motorcycle of the first generation of commodities, because new inventions and technologies were adopted at that time, such as pneumatic rubber tires, ball bearings, clutches and transmissions, front suspension and damping systems, and spring seats. For example, 19 12 X -8A single-cylinder motorcycle produced by Harley Company in the United States. At that time, the transmission and transmission system had not been solved, only the belt was used to drive the big pulley attached to the rear wheel, and the rear brake shoe was pulled by the handle to brake. At that time, the problem of the rear shock absorber was not solved, and the front shock absorber had a simple shock absorber attached to the front fork.
After 1930s, with the continuous progress of science and technology, motorcycle production has adopted rear suspension system, mechanical ignition system, drum mechanical braking device, chain drive and so on. Motorcycles have climbed to a new level and gradually matured, and are widely used in transportation, competition and military affairs. This is the third stage of the motorcycle-the mature stage. From 65438 to 0936, American Harley Company has been able to manufacture high-level motorcycles. The car uses a V-type twin-cylinder engine, 1000mL, OHV, 27.93kW, and the top speed150 km/h/h.
The development of motorcycles is like a series of steps, and the more you stop, the higher you get. 1885' s original motorcycle was placed on the first floor. The second floor is the first batch of motorcycles produced in the world. This is 1000 motorcycles and bicycles with two-cylinder four-stroke engines imported from Germany in/894. The third floor is a popular racing motorcycle in the 1930s, and the motorcycles here already have practical functions. The fourth floor is a modern luxury motorcycle after the 1970s. The figure not only shows the four stages of motorcycle development, but also configures the different clothes of vehicle drivers in the four stages.
Since 1970s, motorcycle production has adopted electronic ignition technology, electric start, disc brake and streamlined body guard, and in 1990s, exhaust gas purification technology and ABS anti-lock braking device have been adopted, making motorcycle an advanced motor vehicle with beautiful appearance, superior performance, convenient use and convenience, and one of the important symbols of contemporary earth civilization. Especially the large-displacement luxury motorcycle, the advanced technology of modern automobile is transplanted to the motorcycle, which makes the motorcycle reach the perfect state. The development of motorcycles has entered the fourth stage-the peak stage.