(A) the origin of An Lan Garden
Salt officials are rich in humanities and many historical sites.
As early as the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130), the Wang Ling family, the ancestor of Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, actively organized the military and civilians to fight against the Jin people's invasion to the south. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to settle down for the king of Jue 'anhua County and the first salt official, the court began to build private gardens in the northwest corner of the salt official city where the mansion was located, making it a royal family.
Pine trees, osmanthus trees and other four-season flowers such as plum blossoms and orchids are widely planted in the park, and the pond water diversion base is turned into mountains and rivers, forming the elegant beauty of "ethereal lakes and mountains, floating fish and birds", which is the beginning of An Lan Garden.
After the death of the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Wang's hometown was gradually destroyed due to years of war.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Chen and Jiao (1544- 16 10) in Haining resigned and returned to their hometown to buy Wang's hometown. It is a coincidence that both Chen and Jiao are named "Jiaoyuan", and the park site is just in the northwest corner.
Chen Yujiao is a famous dramatist, who has made far-reaching contributions to the legend of traditional Chinese opera. He wrote a large number of classical dramas handed down from ancient times, such as Lingbao Island (about Lin Chongcuo), Qilin Jade (about Liang Hongyu, Han Shizhong), Zhaojun's departure from the fortress, Wenxi's entry into the fortress and so on.
At that time, there were ponds, slopes and many towering old trees left in the Southern Song Dynasty. After Chen and Jiao bought it, the garden was built and expanded by 30 mu, and the water surface of the pond alone accounted for 20 mu, with the intention of creating an elegant atmosphere in the water environment. There are many scenic spots around the pond, such as Bamboo Hall, Moon Pavilion, Liuxiang Pavilion, Zizhi Building and Jinbo Bridge. And there are buildings and halls such as Que Yan Xuan, Baizui Temple and Linxu Pavilion around. The scale is much larger than the former hometown of Wang, and the scenic spots are more charming.
During the Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, the grandson of Chen and Jiao (1652- 1736) took "Jiaoyuan" as his profession, and he was a college student at Wenyuange at that time.
Chen Yuanlong is well-read, good at calligraphy, and excellent in writing and ci. He did well in the palace entrance examination in the 24th year of Kangxi (1685) and was named the second scholar by Emperor Kangxi himself. In order to be honest, he compiled 27 volumes of Collected Works of Ai Ritang, more than 0/00 volumes of Fu Hui in Past Dynasties, and more than 0/00 volumes of Gezhi Mirror Source.
Among them, Gezhi Jingyuan is a book devoted to the study of the origin of everything in the world. The book is so comprehensive and clear that even Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist in modern times, praised it as "a useful little encyclopedia specializing in the history of science and technology". Chen Yuanlong's works have contributed to the history of China literature and science and technology.
Because the university students in Qing Dynasty were equivalent to prime ministers, they were commonly known as Guo Xiang or Ge Lao. Chen Yuanlong word Guangling, known as "Guangling Guo Xiang" or Chen Gelao. Today, Yanwaba, Yan Guan City, Haining still has a former residence "Chen Ge Laozhai", which has a large number of cultural relics and ancient architectural relics, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
(2) Elegant, simple and beautiful gardens
In the 11th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1733), Chen Yuanlong, who was nearly 82 years old, finally got the approval of Yong Zhengdi after repeatedly asking for retirement, and wanted to take Chen Bangzhi, the editor of his only son imperial academy, back to his hometown of Haining Yanguan. Because he finally realized his wish to return to his hometown in his early years, Suoxing renamed "Jiaoyuan" as "Sui Chuyuan".
In the first year of Qing Qianlong (1736), Chen Yuanlong died in his hometown after retiring for three years, at the age of 85.
Because Chen Yuanlong knew the essence of the artistic beauty of China classical gardens, he carefully preserved and highlighted the artistic style in the early Ming Dynasty in the large-scale reconstruction and expansion project of Chu gardens. The whole garden has expanded to more than 60 acres, half of which are sparkling clear ponds and clear sea water. Especially in the expansion, the artificial traces were deliberately removed, and the whole garden was not carved or whitewashed, but a grass and a tree, a pool and a water, a hall, a villa, a pavilion and a porch, all showing elegant and quaint natural wild interest.
The whole park has formed "Garden in the Corner of the City", "Little Liang Shi", "Gu Teng Waterfront", "Huanbitang", "Qingyingxuan", "Chenglange", "Western Tea", "Yanyuege", "Mysterious Bookstore", "Ci 'antang", "Cuiweifeng" and so on. The most commendable thing is that whenever the big plum blossoms in the garden are in full bloom, they cover the sky and are delicate and charming. Once people are in the garden, they feel refreshed and get carried away, and have a sense of leisure outside the dust.
Chen Yuanlong likes this garden very much. He wrote eighteen poems on the pavilions of Sui and Chu Gardens, and used a poem with seven rhymes for each of the eighteen scenes in the Garden. In Preface to the Poems of Suixiang Garden, he recorded and described the overall landscape and transformation of Suixiang Garden in detail. In the first poem "Garden in a Corner of the City", he wrote:
Don't be too happy recently, there is still a corner in the forest, water.
Planting trees for ten years has been gloomy, and it has become a map of Wan Ren.
It's silly to imitate Zheng's name when you go back to China.
The boy waited at the door to greet me with a smile, and the village was still full of joy.
The poem is fresh, natural and friendly, with a blend of scenes and scenes, which appropriately expresses his calm and happy mood after retiring from his post and returning to his hometown.
After Chen Yuanlong's death, his son Chen Bangzhi inherited the property of Sui Chuyuan. During this period, Sui Chuyuan has been further developed and expanded to cover an area of 100 mu. There are more than 30 pavilions and 40 scenic spots in the whole park, reaching its peak.
At that time, many famous scholars and poets wrote poems or articles to praise the wonderful scenery of the garden after visiting it. In his masterpiece Six Chapters of a Floating Life, Shen Fu (whose real name is Sanbai) (1763- 1832) described his impressions of visiting this garden in the past 46 years (178 1): "The land occupies 100 acres. The stone is covered with vines, the chisel marks are completely covered, and thousands of ancient trees are towering. Birds sing and flowers fall, such as entering the mountains. " I think this is the first garden he visited in his life. He also said that the fragrance of flowers in the garden even overshadowed the aroma of food and wine at the banquet in the garden.
Yuan Mei (17 16- 1798), another famous writer, poet and gourmet in Qing dynasty, once wrote a four-line poem praising this garden:
Ten acres of flowers in a 100-acre pond, towering trees and green trees.
Sister Shao also likes Matsutani and wants to see the prime ministers' offices of the Three Dynasties.
The prime ministers of the three dynasties in the poem mean that Chen Jia has three great scholars (prime ministers): Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. Spoon means that the prime minister governs the country.
(3) An Lan Garden is named after Qianlong.
Once upon a time, a story about the origin of Emperor Qianlong and Chen Gelao (Chen Yuanlong) was widely circulated in Haining, and it was almost a household name.
Legend has it that when Yong Zhengdi was Prince Yong, one day his wife Niu Zhilu gave birth to a girl. Coincidentally, the wife of Chen Yuanlong, a college student, also gave birth to a child, and it was a boy. When Prince Yong learned about it, he asked the Chen family to take the child to have a look, and then sent the child to the imperial palace for his wife to have a look. I saw the child with fine features and a full heaven, and Mrs. Prince Yong was in her arms and could not put it down. But when the child was sent back to the Chen family to see its infancy, something strange happened. How can a good boy become a girl! It turned out that Prince Yong loved the child very much, and he exchanged his daughter for a boy from his hometown in Chen Ge. This is a great event, involving the emperor's home. When Chen Ge's hometown knew about it, No.4 dared not say anything.
The child was named Li Hong. When he grew up, he became a handsome masked emperor. After his father Yong Zhengdi ascended the throne, he became a prince. Later, he inherited Datong to spread the calendar for Emperor Qianlong.
It is said that Emperor Kangxi especially loved this talented grandson among his many descendants and thought that Li Hong was the best candidate to inherit the throne of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yongzheng can stand out in the battle for the throne of many emperors of Emperor Kangxi, which is inseparable from Emperor Kangxi's preference for Li Hong's succession.
When Emperor Qianlong later learned about his life experience, he was very attached to his biological parents. He took the opportunity of traveling in the south of the Yangtze River to come to Haining many times, lived in the private garden of the Chen family, and renamed the original garden An Lan Garden. By this time, Chen Ge had died, but his wife was still there. It is said that Li Hong wore Hanfu to visit the old lady, her own biological mother, and visited the old tomb of Chen Ge. However, due to the special status of the royal family, these details have never been publicly expressed.
These folklores are vivid and have been circulated for hundreds of years, and their stories have also been written into many note novels of literati in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Mr. Xiao Yishan (1902- 1978), a modern historian, was praised as "the first person in the study of Qing history" all his life. In his book A General History of Qing Dynasty, he also recorded this legendary story in the appendix.
Mr. Jin Yong (Cha Liang Yong) (1924-20 18), a native of Haining, Zhejiang. He once said with deep affection: I am from Haining, Zhejiang, and I have heard the story of Emperor Qianlong and Chen Gelao in my hometown since I was a child. Therefore, the first martial arts novel "Book and Sword" written by Mr. Wang is based on this legendary story in my hometown. Chen Jialuo, the hero of the book, is Li Hong's younger brother, but one of the two brothers is Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and the other is the leader of the Red Cross Society of the Anti-Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, who is ambitious to overthrow the rule of the Qing court. In addition, Xiang Fei (who seems to be the shadow of Xiang Fei), who is deeply loved by the two people, is interspersed among them, and rivers and lakes, heroes and beautiful women, brothers, grudges and enmities are intertwined, and a vast sad song of family hatred and children's affection is interpreted. The novel was a great success, and Mr. Jin Yong's Book and Sword undoubtedly made this legendary story more famous!
Although folklore is not a true historical fact, Li Hong, the emperor of Qianlong, can't be the son of Chen Ge. But in history, Emperor Qianlong went to Jiangnan six times, four of which came to Salt Officials in Haining, and used Chen's private garden as a palace and named it "An Lan Garden", but it is a true historical fact!
History: In March of the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), Li Hong, the Qing emperor, made a third tour of Jiangnan, especially from Hangzhou to Yanguan, Haining, which was the first time that Qianlong made six tours of Jiangnan. As Qianlong himself said in his poem: "The first thing to do when entering Hangzhou is to raise the seawall." Over the years, the tidal flood in Qiantang River has caused great damage and threat to the agricultural production in the rich Hangjiahu Plain, and affected the tax revenue of the imperial court. In order to completely eliminate the harm of tidal waves, the Qing government spent a lot of money and manpower to renovate the seawall, and finally achieved results. Emperor Qianlong's visit is to inspect the achievements of the seawall project and to worship the temple palace (Sea Temple) standing on the tidal pool in Yan Guan.
After Ganlong came to Haining Salt Officer, he planned to use this private garden of the Chen family as a palace. He praised it as "the mirror is clear, the balcony is hidden, the peaks and rocks are exquisite, the old trees are repaired, and the warehouse is lush." He praised this garden, which is famous for its simplicity, and sent a decree to name the first garden An Lan Garden and personally wrote the title as a couplet. Its original intention is to pray for peace at sea and world peace.
There are three bedrooms where Ganlong lived in An Lan Garden, all of which are three floors. To its east is the plum blossom forest, which is connected by towering buildings. Behind the bedroom is a big lake, along the lake embankment, there are grotesque rocks and other garden attractions. Living here, you can enjoy the beautiful lakes and waters at any time, feel the birds and flowers and the breeze, and watch the tides rise and fall. It's really comfortable. It's comfortable. He immediately fell in love with this beautiful Jiangnan folk palace and was obsessed with it for many years. In order to appreciate the scenery after his return to Beijing, in the 28th year of Qianlong's return to Beijing (1763), the following year, he ordered the construction of an imitation An Lan Garden in the former "Sisi Lee Bookstore" in the Yuanmingyuan, Beijing, and wrote a poem "Ten Scenes of Imperial An Lan Garden" with great interest, lamenting ten scenic spots in the imitation garden respectively. He said, "Being here is like being in Chen's bamboo hall and moon pavilion."
In this way, in the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), thirty years (1765), forty-five years (1780) and forty-nine years (1784), the emperor came to the salt official and stayed there for four times. For the last time, I also brought the later Jiaqing Emperor Qing Tan, eleven sons Huang Yong and seventeen sons Yong Phosphorus.
He seems to have a special liking for An Lan Garden, and he writes a royal poem every time he comes, with a total of 28 poems. Especially when he came for the last time, Gan Long was 74 years old. He also wrote the poem "I visited South six times, and he sleepwalked for many years", and a feeling of reluctance came to mind.
In particular, there is such a poem: "Who is the most famous salt official? Everyone knows it. I am afraid that it will slap in the face, but I am filial. " The word "filial piety" in the last sentence is intriguing. Did he also hear the legend about his life?
Unfortunately, in September of the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860), the An Lan Garden, which was built in imitation of the Yuanmingyuan in Beijing, together with the whole Yuanmingyuan, was looted by the invaders, Eight-Nation Alliance robbers, and then set on fire. In the second year of the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), Cai Yunlong of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom led an army to capture the salt official, and An Lan Garden was unfortunately destroyed by fire.
Now, except for the six-bend bridge "Jinbo Bridge", "meandering water" and "Yangyue" stone tablets that existed in Jiaoyuan period, all the landscapes no longer exist. This famous garden in the south of the Yangtze River, which has enjoyed a reputation for hundreds of years, has become history!
In recent years, Zhejiang, Haining and other local authorities have designated the former site of An Lan Garden as a protected green space, and have begun to plan to fully restore the garden. With the prosperity of the motherland, I hope An Lan Garden, a treasure of China gardens, will reappear in the near future!
Author brief introduction Zhu Xinyu (Xinyu), a member of Chongqing Poetry Society. I love studying history, culture and classical poetry, and have published several poems and essays. My ancestral home is Yan Guan, Haining, and now I live in Chongqing.