1904 to 1905 (Guangxu 30-3 1 year in Qing dynasty), Japan and Russia fought an imperialist war with China as the main battlefield for the northeast of China and neighboring Korea. For a long time, Japan and Russia have strong territorial ambitions for northeast China and North Korea. 1894- 1895 After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1895, Japan forced China to cede Liaodong Peninsula and recognized Korea's "independence", and Korea was actually under its control. Seeing that Japan is actively expanding its power in the Asian continent, Russia is not good for itself, so it corrects the intervention of France and Germany and demands that Japan return the Liaodong Peninsula. It is a great shame that Japan was forced to perform military service. It decided to expand its troops to prepare for war and wait for revenge. Russia lured the Qing government into making a secret agreement, obtained the right to build a railway in the northeast of China, and then forcibly leased Lushun and Dalian. 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out in China, and Russia seized the opportunity to send troops to occupy the whole northeast of China in an attempt to take it for itself, which was resolutely opposed by the China people and accused by world public opinion. Japan took the opportunity to conclude an anti-Russian military alliance with Britain, demanding that Russia withdraw its occupying forces in northeast China, but the negotiations between the two sides were fruitless. Relying on British military support and economic assistance from Britain, America and other countries, Japan sent its navy to sneak attack the Russian Pacific Fleet moored outside Lushun Port on February 8, 904, and sank the Russian warship in Incheon, North Korea. Japan and Russia declared war at the same time on February 10.

At that time, Japan had 13 divisions with more than 200,000 people, and 152 naval vessels. Russia is far more powerful than Japan. The elite of the Russian army is concentrated in the western border, and the Russian army stationed in the Far East has only four divisions,1.2000 people. The navy is distributed in the Pacific Ocean, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea, with old ships and weak combat effectiveness. Russian troops are scattered and transportation is inconvenient. If it takes a long time to mobilize heavy troops to fight in the Far East, it will be conducive to delaying the decisive battle. Japan tried to seize the sea control rights of the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea in one fell swoop, in order to make a quick decision. In February, 60,000 Japanese Army Blackwood First Army landed in Incheon and quickly went north. At the beginning of May, he crossed the Yalu River, defeated more than 30,000 Russian defenders along the river and entered China. Occupy Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area and Phoenix and other important strongholds, and win the first land war against Russia. Russia built strong fortifications in Liaoyang, together with Lushun fortress, the base of the Pacific Fleet, as a powerful fortress against the Japanese army's land and sea attacks. On May 5, 50,000 men from the Aobaogong Second Army landed near the chess nest and attacked the defenders in Jinzhou, Russia. After the fierce fighting between the two sides, the Russian army retreated, and the Japanese army seized Dalian and obtained an important supply base, cutting off the railway traffic between the Russian army in Lushun and the Russian army in Liaoyang. Russian troops in Liaoyang were ordered to rescue Lushun. The two sides fought in Wafanggou, and the Russian army was defeated. The fourth army of Nojin then landed in Dagushan, separated from the second army, joined the first army in the north and attacked Liaoyang. At the beginning of June, Nogi Maresuke led the Third Army to attack Lushun and occupied Yingkou in July. In August, the Japanese navy wiped out the main force of the Russian Pacific Fleet near Lushun Port, and gained the sea control right in the Yellow Sea and Japanese waters, thus trapping the Russian troops in Lushun. In August, the Japanese army will attack Liaoyang under the command of the commander-in-chief ōyama Iwao. The Russian garrison10.6 million people, with heavy artillery and strong fortifications, hit the second and fourth armies of Japan hard. The first army crossed the Taizi River to outflank the Russian army. The commander of the Russian army, Koro Batkin, worried about being besieged, ordered the whole army to retreat. In the battle of Liaoyang, the Japanese army was at a disadvantage in number and equipment, and the casualties exceeded those of the Russian army. Due to the command error of the Russian army, the Japanese army won a great victory. 10 year 10 7 October, Russian troops crossed Shahe in an attempt to encircle the Japanese army, which launched an all-out attack. At 16, the Russian troops withdrew to Fengtian, and the large-scale fighting between the two sides was suspended, forming the so-called "Shahe Intermittent" deadlock. 1905 65438+ 10 1, after several months of siege, the Russian troops in Lushun surrendered after heavy casualties on both sides. Naimu led the third army north to participate in the battle of Fengtian (now Shenyang). There are about 600,000 troops on both sides of the war, 330,000 in Russia and 270,000 in Japan. On February 23, the Japanese army made a diversion and took the lead in attacking the Russian left wing. The Russian army urgently adjusted the right-wing forces and strengthened the left-wing forces. Naimu led the army to immediately detour to the Russian right wing. After the attack was successful, it approached the railway line north of Fengtian on March 4. At the same time, the Japanese army stepped up its attack on the Russian left wing, forming a situation surrounded by Russian troops. On March 10, the Russian army was forced to retreat, and the Japanese army occupied Fengtian and seized Tieling and Kaiyuan. Russian troops retreated to Siping Street until the end of the war. From May 27th to 28th, the Russian Baltic Fleet, which came from afar to reinforce, fought a large-scale naval battle with the Japanese joint fleet (i.e. the naval battle against Ma), and the Russian fleet was almost completely annihilated. Then the Japanese army occupied a part of Sakhalin Island. At this point, large-scale military operations stopped.

Lu Haijun, a Russian army, failed one after another, leading to unstable domestic political situation; Although Japan won, the soldiers suffered heavy casualties and the two sides were unable to fight again. Under the mediation of the United States, Japan and Russia began peace talks on August 10, and signed the Portsmouth Peace Treaty on September 5. The main contents are as follows: Russia recognizes that Japan can handle North Korean affairs in the name of "supervision", and Russia transfers all rights and interests and public property in the Luda Concession to Japan; Transfer the railway from Changchun to Lushun, together with branch lines, rights and coal mines, to Japan free of charge; Cut the southern part of Sakhalin Island and nearby islands to Japan. In addition, in the attached agreement, the two sides agreed to station 15 railway guards every kilometer of their respective railway lines in Northeast China. Since then, the northeast of China has become the sphere of influence of Japan and Russia, and it has become a situation in which one country dominates and the north and south of the two countries are divided. After the signing of the contract between Japan and Russia, Japan forced the Qing government to recognize the provisions concerning China in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, obtained the right to operate the An (East) Feng (Tian) Road, built the railway from Changchun to Jilin, cut down trees on the right bank of the Yalu River, and opened 16 commercial ports in the three eastern provinces. After the war, Japan strengthened its control over North Korea and annexed it in 19 10 (Xuantong's second year).

During the Russo-Japanese War, the northeast of China was the battlefield of land confrontation between the two sides. The local people suffered great disasters, and their lives and property suffered unprecedented havoc. The Qing government was unable to restrain the warring parties and humiliated itself to declare neutrality outside the bureau.