As a traditional agricultural country, China has been hit and troubled by natural disasters since ancient times, and the traditional agriculture, individual economy and national economy based on it are also crumbling. Nevertheless, the industrious, brave and wise people of China have long fought tenaciously against natural disasters. It can be said that nature not only created famine for human beings, but also provided promoting conditions for human beings to fight disasters and save themselves. In order to fight against natural disasters in ancient China, rich relief measures were formulated and formed. From the perspective of human beings' pursuit of their own liberation and the evolution of civilization, this is also the truth that "there is a silver lining behind every dark cloud". As the last dynasty of ancient society, the Qing Dynasty pushed China's ancient disaster relief system to a peak stage on the basis of absorbing the legislative experience of the previous generation. Today, natural disasters continue to threaten our survival and development. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the relatively complete legal system of disaster relief in Qing Dynasty.