Niú

For a long time, among many clans with the surname Niu, there is a legend that the surname Niu originated from the country of Wei Zi. It is not only passed down orally, but also passed down from generation to generation. This legend has placed people's infinite reverence for Wei Zi. Wei Zi and tyrannical, promiscuous and heartless Zhou Wang were born to a mother. They have two brothers, Wei Zi and Zhou Wang are brothers. But when Wei Zisheng was born, his father had not succeeded to the throne, and his mother was still in the position of a concubine. After his father succeeded to the throne, his mother was made a princess, and Zhou Wang was born soon. Zhou Wang has been glib and witty since he was a child. When he grows up, he is strong and can pull nine cows back, which won his father's love. When the Prince was founded, his father and a surname borrowed the patriarchal clan system of "establishing an official position is expensive but not long" and established Zhou Wang as the Prince. After Zhou Wang succeeded to the throne, Wei Zi became his courtiers, and together with * * * he maintained the regime of the Yin Dynasty. At first, the weather was good, the country was peaceful and the people were safe, and the four foreigners surrendered and surrendered in all directions. But it didn't last long. Zhou Wang was cruel, extravagant, addicted to alcohol, lustful, dissolute and ignored state affairs, and became the second largest tyrant in history after Xia Jie. Wei Zi has repeatedly advised him to turn over a new leaf and do good deeds, but he turned a deaf ear. It pains me to see my country in danger and dying, but I can't serve my country faithfully. He "wants to die, but he can't decide for himself", so he asked his father (Ji Zi) for advice. He is one of the three major officials in North Korea. Father and teacher said, "If you are sincere in governing the country today, you will not hate it.". If you die, you will never be cured. Might as well go. After listening to his father's advice, Wei Zi decided to leave the palace in order to save his descendants. Before leaving the palace, Cabbage poured out his heartfelt words to his father Shao Shi (Bigan). He said, "Father, Shao Shi, it seems that our commercial country can't govern the world well. Looking back on the past, Tang Cheng, our great-grandfather, founded the Shang Dynasty, but now, Zhou Wang, our great-grandfather, is addicted to debauchery and debauchery. At present, all the officials in Shang Dynasty are thieves and lawbreakers. If officials don't obey the law, those who are guilty will die. The common people will rise up in succession and make enemies with us. Now the Shang dynasty may be doomed, and we will be as lost as being caught in a flood, and we can't find the ferry and the shore. Alas, Yin Shang is now in this state and will soon perish. Father, Shao Shi, I have to go. " This passage is profound and touching, fully expressing Weizi's patriotism and helplessness in changing the situation of extinction. Wei Zi's departure was related to his own surname and was endowed with touching legend. In the forty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1704), Nanguanzhuang, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, published an old preface to the pedigree of cattle family, which said: "There is no way to insult the five permanent members, but it will poison the world. His younger brother Wei Zi left secretly to save his offspring. When I left, I looked up at noon, starting with the word noon, because I thought that was my last name. So is the origin of this cow surname. "In the first year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (182 1), the genealogy of Niuji in Yanling County, Henan Province was recorded:" Yin was sealed in Song Dynasty. On the day he died, he said, "You can't live without a surname. When the time is noon, you can say.

Niu surname

The word' Wu' takes the word' Niu' as the surname, which is also the origin of Niu's surname. "In the eleventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1873), Yang Village, Yanshi County, Henan Province, published the Preface to the Family Tree of Niu Family:" Stuart later passed on my family. Xiang Shun made contributions, and there is a world in the soup. In six hundred, there were six or seven sages. As for Zhou, my brother fled. When he went, he looked up at the astronomy and found that the sun had passed noon. Because the word is cow, it is thought that the surname is Yan, and the origin of this cow name is also. "There are countless similar records in the numerous genealogies of Niu's family. These legends show that many descendants of the Niu family thought that Wei Zi was the ancestor of the Niu family when the Niu family left. As for the above genealogy, there is no reliable historical data, but the official records about cattle are: after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed in the Zhou Dynasty, Wei Zi, his brother, had the title of Song Dynasty, and Wei Zi had a descendant's father, Niu (now a man's name), who was appointed as the head of the Song Dynasty. When Duke Wu of Song resisted the imperial invasion, he died for his country, and his descendants took the cow as their surname. It is said that there was a tribe called Niuqiao in the era of the Three Kings in ancient times, and the descendants of this department also took Niu as their surname. According to Sui Shu and History of the Road, when Niu Hong was in the Sui Dynasty, his father Liao Yun was a doctor in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and he was given the surname Niu. Although Yunyun was the general of Nanyang Jinniu after the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, he said that he had his own surname, but it was really impossible to test. There are also cattle surnames among ethnic minorities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were Niu surnames among Naxi people in Lijiang, Yunnan, and among Manchu people in the Qing Dynasty, and other ethnic groups also had Niu surnames. Probe into the origin of Niu surname

Surnames are produced and developed with the development of human society. The surname comes from matriarchal clan society, and the surname comes from paternal clan society. However, before Shang Dynasty, there was no historical record of Niu surname in Han nationality, and it first appeared from Wei Zi. According to Records of Historical Records, Song Weizi Eighth Family and Wei Zishu, Cabbage is an ordinary brother of Shang Zhouwang (both of them were born by the same father and mother, but Wei Zi is the brother. When he was born, his father Di Yi had not succeeded to the throne, and his mother was still a concubine, so he was called Shu Xiong. When he was born, his father was a king and his mother was a princess. Zhou has been glib and strong since childhood. He was favored by his father and succeeded to the throne, becoming the 3rd1ren (the last) king of Shang Dynasty, while Wei Zi became his courtiers, and * * * together safeguarded the regime of Shang Dynasty. However, the people were suffering from extravagance, and Wei repeatedly advised him to no avail (the minister was later killed), but he was loyal to the country. Shi Zai, at that time, Wei Zi had the intention of "dying without self-determination", so he pleaded with his father (that is, Ji Zi), one of the three major public offices in North Korea. According to textual research, Ji Zi went to North Korea), and finally listened to Ji Zi's "today's sincerity to govern the country, the country does not hate death. If you die, you can't cure it in the end. It is better to go. " He got angry and ran away. According to the record of "Old Preface of Cattle Family Tree" in Nanguanzhuang, Jiyuan, Henan Province in the 42nd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1704), Wei said, "When I left, I looked up after noon and started with the word noon, because I thought it was my surname". In the first year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (182 1), the genealogy of Niu family in Niuji, Yanling County, Henan Province said: "Yin was sealed in the Song Dynasty, and the pawn said,' No surname can be born, and it is noon, that is, the word' noon' is taken as the surname. This is the origin of Niu family. There is also a record that "the ancestors of Niu family came from (Yin) Weizi" in the monument of Niujia ancestral forest in Dongniujiazhuang, xintai city. Many genealogies, related historical materials and historical legends of Niu's family have consistent records on the origin of Niu's family name, and Wei Zi is considered as the ancestor of Niu's family name. Wei Zi, whose real name is Qi, was named Wei Zi when he was a prince (now Weishan, Shandong Province), and his title belongs to Zi. Confucius once called him "Yin Zhi San Ren" with Bi Gan and Ji Zi (see the micro chapter of Yu Yi). After Zhou Wuwang put down the Wu Geng Rebellion, "Wei Zi named Song Gong and worshipped Tang (Tang Shu Shi Biao), and later called him Song Weizi. Lin Bao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty, was ordered by the Prime Minister to compile Yuanhe's Family, which wrote: "After that, the father of the cow was the father of the cow, and later generations took Wang Fu as their surname". The Interpretation of Surnames in the Song Dynasty, A Brief History of Clans and the Origin of Surnames in the Qing Dynasty all recorded the same thing: "After Song Weizi, the descendants of Sikou Niu took Wang Fu as their surname". Now, the state has raised a huge sum of money to build the Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi Province, which has been confirmed by the cattle in the People's Ancestral Temple arranged by relevant institutions, and a bronze statue of the father of the cow has been carved for people to pay tribute to. In history, some people have changed their surnames to take refuge for nearly 300 years. However, in order to recover, the emperor gave them surnames, and many enlightened people who were proud of surnames voluntarily changed their surnames to Niu. At the same time, there are also cattle surnames among Hui, Tibetan, Manchu, Naxi, Mongolian, Tujia, Bai, Dongxiang, Korean and Yi nationalities. Nevertheless, Niujia, whose ancestor is Niu's father, has always been the main body of Niujia in China, with distinct branches and a long history. Until the year of Tai Chou (1325), Niu Chuancai became a scholar after his father and moved to Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, becoming the ancestor of Guo (Niu) all over the country. Edit this passage of Niu lineage.

Niu surname is a distant ancestor, which can be traced back to Huangdi, the ancestor of Chinese humanities. Huang Di gave birth to Xuanzang, Xuanzang was extreme, and Di Ku was extreme. Di Ku is one of the famous "Five Emperors" in the history of China, known as Gao Xin. Confucius said: Hou Ji, Qi, Yao and Zhi (half-brothers), Yao Chan was located in Shun, Shun Chan was located in Yu, and Yu passed it on to his son Qi. Yu lived from the end of 22nd century BC to the beginning of 2nd/kloc-0 century BC, and was a key figure in China's transition from primitive society to slave society. Yao lived in the 23rd century BC (it is said that he was in power for only 65,438+000 years). When his brother Qi was here, he was appointed as Stuart, managing his subjects, making him Shang Dynasty, and giving him the surname Zi Shi. His 65,438+04 grandson led the princes of the world to defeat Jie, the last monarch of the dissolute Xia Dynasty, thus establishing the Shang Dynasty. Shang Dynasty lasted for 3 1 year and 67 1 year, and perished in Shang Zhouwang. According to the Records of the Historian, which was praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme", Shang Zhouwang had no choice. Zhou Wuwang (Ji Fa) led many governors to "swear to admire the Lord" and overthrew his rule in one fell swoop and established the Zhou Dynasty. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu looked for sages everywhere and invited Wei Zi, a well-known brother of Zhou Wang who fled abroad because of his opposition to Shang Zhouwang, to be sealed back to the Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan) as a sacrifice for merchants. Song was one of the vassal states of Zhou Dynasty, the founding monarch of Song State, and later became the ancestor of China's Niu surname. It should be pointed out that according to Zheng Qiao's A Brief History of Clans, the word Wang Fu (grandfather) was determined by the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou Dynasty. At the same time, after that, in addition to Niu's surname, there were three surnames 13, such as Kong, Le, Bian, Yu and Huangfu, with Wang as the surname, and five surnames 15, such as Wei, Qiu, Qiu and Huo, all related to Niu's surname. To sum up, the Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of the Chinese Niu family, Wei is the ancestor of the Niu family, and the ancestor of the Niu family is the ancestor of the Niu family. Niuchuan is the general ancestor of shabu-shabu cattle. In the later historical changes, the later generations started from different branches, and one branch "Niu Gang" started from Gangzu. The ancestors of 28 surnames, including Kong, Le, Bian, Yu, Huangfu, Wei, Qiu and Huo, are all related to cattle. In the historical development, those who voluntarily changed their surnames from Pang to Niu are all members of Niu, and the Niu surnames of Naxi, Manchu, Tibetan, Hui, Yi, Bai, Tujia, Mongolian, Dongxiang and Korean are all members of the Chinese nation. Among many Niu families, the origin of China Niu family, with Niu father as the ancestor and Niu Chuan as the ancestor, has always been extremely simple. In the development and reproduction of more than 2,800 years, there have been many branches, such as shouldering cattle, whipping cattle, and beating pot (pot residue) cattle, but they have never been taken as surnames or mixed in, and they are descendants of Shang Tang. If we study surnames from the perspective of genetics, many other surnames can't compare with the simple origin of Niu. As descendants of the Niu family, we should be proud of this, and then encourage ourselves to respect harmony more and make greater contributions to the nation, country and society. Note: In addition to what has been noted in the article, other references in this article are: 1, Cultural Analysis of China's Surnames by Wang Genquan, Unity Publishing House, 1, 2nd edition, Analects of the Western Zhou Dynasty 3, Chunqiu Zuozhuan Wengonger 4, Complete Works of Lu Xun 5 and China Surnames Dictionary 6.