(1) Positive aspects:

The Westernization Movement introduced some modern western science and technology and advanced tools under the feudal system in China, which objectively and inevitably accelerated the disintegration of feudal relations of production and stimulated the development of capitalism in China, which was independent of the subjective will of the Westernization School.

The argument between the Westernization School and the die-hards has opened up an atmosphere of learning from the West. At the same time, the introduction and translation of foreign scientific and technological books, the establishment of new schools and the dispatch of overseas students have, to a certain extent, impacted feudal education and opened the gap in reforming the feudal cultural and educational system. It provided certain conditions for the development of modern science and technology and the spread of western learning in China.

(3) The establishment of civil industry has also played a certain role in resisting western economic aggression, objectively inducing and stimulating the emergence and development of capitalism in China.

④ Three navies were established, which enhanced the coastal defense capability to some extent. In a word, the Westernization Movement has played a certain role in promoting the modernization of China.

(2) Negative aspects:

(1) organized by the Qing government to maintain reactionary rule.

(2) Military industry mainly suppresses the people's revolution, not saves the country.

(3) civilian industry is to solve the difficulties of military industry, not to seek wealth for society, and is largely controlled and used by foreigners.

(3) the nature of the Westernization Movement

A reform movement initiated by the feudal landlord class for the purpose of self-improvement.

The Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898 were both bourgeois reforms, while the Revolution of 1911 was a bourgeois revolution.

The purpose of the Reform Movement of 1898 was to establish and develop capitalism and establish a constitutional monarchy, and its fundamental purpose was to develop capitalism.

The purpose of the Revolution of 1911 was to overthrow the feudal monarchy, establish a democratic republic and develop capitalism.

2. 1898 Reform Movement

The Reform Movement of 1898 was an event of great significance in the modern history of China. The Reform Movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement and a preliminary attempt by the bourgeoisie to change the social system. The reformists tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. Economically developing national capitalism conforms to the historical development trend. This is a political movement of patriotism and saving the country. At the moment when the national crisis intensifies, the reformists hope to make China strong through political reform, so as to get rid of the aggression of imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm and inspire people's patriotic thoughts and national consciousness. ③ The Reform Movement of 1898 was also an ideological emancipation in modern China. The bourgeoisie followed the reformists, advocated new learning, advocated civil rights, and lashed out at feudal ideas, which played an enlightening role in society and promoted the awakening of China people.