In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished. At the end of Xin Mang, the Red Eyebrow Uprising in Greenwood broke out, and Liu Xiu, a descendant of the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, took advantage of the situation. In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor. The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out in A.D. 184, which quelled civil strife but led to local self-respect. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished. Later, Liu Bei established Shu Han to continue the Han Dynasty, and China entered the Three Kingdoms period.
Extended data:
The famous emperor of the Han dynasty:
1, Liu Bang, the founding emperor of Han Dynasty
At the end of the Qin dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and Liu Bang and Xiang Yu took advantage of the situation. Xiang Liang made descendants of the King of Chu (later renamed Emperor Chu Yi), and each sent his troops to crusade against the State of Qin. In February 65438+207 BC, Liu Bang took the lead in attacking Guanzhong. Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered, and Liu Bang entered Xianyang and Qin Dou. Xiang Yu failed to realize the agreement of "entering the customs first is king" and retreated to military hegemony.
Since then, Xiang Yu has gradually seized power, established the Western Chu, enfeoffed governors, made Chu Huaiwang the Emperor of Chu, and called himself the overlord of the Western Chu. A * * * enfeoffed 18 warlord, named Liu Bang in Ba, Shu and Hanzhong, and named Liu Bang Han. In August 206 BC, because Emperor Chu Yi was killed by Xiang Yu, Liu Bangdong invaded, worshipped Han Xin as a general, and publicly denounced Xiang Yu, thus starting the Chu-Han War.
Although frustrated many times in the early stage, he made good use of talents such as Han Xin, Sean and Xiao He. In the last Battle of Gaixia, Liu Bang won, Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River, and Western Chu fell. Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, in February 202 BC, when Liu Bang's army went north to the floodplain, Han Xin, Ying Bu, Peng Yue, Wu Rui, Zhang Ao, Wang Zangcha of Hengshan signed a letter asking Liu Bang to proclaim himself emperor.
After several humility, Liu Bang agreed: "Wang Xing, a vassal, thought it was convenient for the people all over the world." So on the third day of February, Dingtao (now Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province), north of Surabaya, became emperor, with the title of Han, and was called the Western Han Dynasty in history. Liu bang originally wanted to make Luoyang his capital, but later Lou Jing pointed out to Liu bang that Guanzhong should be his capital.
Lou Jing made a detailed analysis of the advantages of building the capital of Guanzhong, which made Liu Bang make up his mind to worship Lou Jing as king and give him the surname Liu. On the same day, he ordered to move the capital to Guanzhong. Liu Bang drove from Luoyang to Guanzhong and began to stay in Liyang, the old capital of Qin State. At the same time, Shaofu Yangcheng was ordered to build a new city in Chang 'an Township, east of Xianyang, Qin Dou. By February of the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (200 BC), it had begun to take shape, and the capital was moved from Liyang to Chang 'an. From then on, Chang 'an became the political center of the Western Han Dynasty.
2. Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Liu Xiu is the grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang IX, and his father Liu Qin is the county magistrate of Jiyang County and Nanton County. After the Red Eyebrow and Greenwood Uprising broke out, in the third year (22 years), the Emperor and his eldest brother revolted in Fuling to restore Liu's rule and form the "Fuling Army". In the fourth year of Emperor Huang (23 years), Liu Xiu wiped out Xin Mang's army in one fell swoop in the battle of Kunyang, which showed that Xin Mang's military power to maintain its rule had been exhausted.
In the same year, the outlaw hero attacked Xuchang, Wang Mang died at the hands of the rebel army, and the new dynasty perished. After Liu Xuanbei made Luoyang his capital, Liu Xiu was sent to Fuzhou County, Hebei Province. It was Wang Lang, a powerful landlord in Hebei, who led his clan, guests and children to join in succession, which made him gain a firm foothold in Hebei. Since then, Liu Xiu refused to obey the order to start a new stove. In the autumn of the same year, Tongma and other peasant insurgents were forced to land and incorporated, and gradually became independent. Soon, it completely broke with the restart system.
In June, the third year of the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 years), the Red Eyebrow Army established Liu Pengzi, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, as the Emperor of the World. On the 22nd of the same month (August 5th, 2005), he ascended the throne in Ting50% Mo (Shilipu, Baixiang County, Hebei Province), and his title was still "Han". History is called Guangwudi, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, who rebuilt Wu. At that time, Kansai was a bronze horse emperor.
After Liu Xiu made Luoyang his capital, he also made Nanyang his capital, which opened the unification war in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Xiao Wei, the king of Longyou, and Gongsun Shu, who occupied western Shu, were divided into ten separatist forces. After eleven years' expedition to the East and the West, Liu Xiu finally eliminated the last separatist force-Gongsun Shu, who became the family emperor in 36 AD.
From then on, after nearly 19 years of disputes and melee in the last years of Xinmang, China was reunified again.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Han Dynasty