During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guangzhou and other places in the south of China communicated with pigeons. By the Ming Dynasty, pigeon breeding in China had reached a considerable level. Until the Qing Dynasty, China had introduced a large number of excellent pigeon breeds from abroad.
1976, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences excavated an ancient tomb in Yinxu, Anyang. The owner of the tomb was Fu Hao, the spouse of Wu Ding, the king of Yin. The burial time is from the end of13rd century BC to the beginning of12nd century BC.
It has been 32300 years since now. Among a large number of jade articles unearthed, there is a jade carving pigeon.
This pigeon is carved with green jade, and the color of its feathers can't be expressed. It evolved from a wild pigeon to an ornamental pigeon.
The distinctive features are short mouth, round head and wide eyelids, which are close to ornamental pigeons and quite different from wild pigeons. It is the earliest known image of ornamental pigeons in China, and wild pigeons should have been domesticated long before this.
According to legend, when Chu and Han contended, Liu Bang, who was chased by Xiang Yu and hid in a deserted well, released a pigeon for help and was rescued. Wang Renyu (880-956 AD) wrote a chapter on "Pigeon Handwriting" in the book "Tianbao Legacy of Kaiyuan". The book says: "When Zhang Jiuling was a teenager, he raised a group of pigeons at home. Every time he wrote to his relatives, he only took books and set foot on them, flying to them as taught. At the age of nine, he was a flying slave."
It can be seen that pigeons have been used to deliver letters in the Tang Dynasty.
What is the origin and history of squab?
Doveiformes, pigeon family, pigeon species. Pigeons are also called flying slave pigeons, and their ancestors are wild pigeons. As early as tens of thousands of years ago, wild pigeons flew around in droves, nesting, inhabiting and reproducing in dangerous rocks, caves and cliffs along the coast. Pigeons have an instinctive desire to love their nests, strong homing ability and the ability to forage in the wild, which has long been recognized by human beings, so people have never consciously raised pigeons as poultry.
History:
Taking pigeons as a symbol of world peace and being recognized by the world is Picasso's work. 1940, fascist bandits headed by Hitler captured the French capital Paris. Picasso was sitting in the studio dejectedly when someone knocked at the door. It was Mish, an old neighbor, who called. He told Picasso a tragic story, holding a bloody pigeon in his hand. It turns out that the old man's grandson keeps a flock of pigeons. Usually, he often uses a bamboo pole tied with white cloth as a signal to attract pigeons. When he learned that his father had died in the battle to defend Paris, his young heart was filled with hatred and anger. He thought that white stripes meant surrendering to the enemy, so he used red stripes to attract pigeons. The conspicuous red cloth strip was discovered by Dekou, and the inhuman fascist gangster threw him downstairs and died in the street. They also killed all the pigeons in the pigeon coop with bayonets.
At this time, the old man said to Picasso, "Sir, I ask you to draw a pigeon for me in memory of my grandson who was killed by fascism." Then Picasso drew a flying pigeon with indignation, which is the embryonic form of "dove of peace".
1950165438+10 In order to commemorate the World Peace Conference held in Warsaw, Picasso happily drew a flying pigeon with an olive branch. At that time, the famous Chilean poet Nie Luda called it "the dove of peace", and the dove was officially recognized as a symbol of peace.
Pigeons are also war heroes. In modern times, pigeons have played a great role in wars many times. During World War I and World War II, pigeons sent messages through enemy blockade lines, saving thousands of lives. There are pigeons on the boat. When they are attacked by a German submarine, they will be released to inform the sunken ship of their location so that the survivors may be rescued.
During the First World War, a pigeon named Chelami (dear friend) carried information through a fierce battle position and saved the lives of many French soldiers. Cher Amy was shot in the chest and leg during the flight, and even almost lost her leg with the news, but she still insisted on flying for 25 minutes before bringing the news to.
This pigeon was awarded the Cross by France. Another hero's pigeon is called G.I. Joe, which was during the Second World War. At that time, there were/kloc-0.000 British troops stationed in a small town in Italy, but the Germans planned to bomb this unit. At that time, communication equipment could not be used, and the only hope was pinned on homing pigeons. The special forces successfully sent the message 20 miles away, and the alarm went off five minutes before the explosion. Later, American soldiers were awarded the Dick Medal, the highest military medal in the animal kingdom.
Young pigeons refer to young pigeons within one month before their shells leave the nest for sale or seed storage. Pigeons are late birds. The newly hatched young pigeons can't open their eyes, walk and eat freely, and they can only survive by feeding their parents. Temperature regulation and disease resistance are very poor, so it is the most dangerous period of pigeon's life. At the same time, the meat of young pigeons is thick and tender, which has a strong nourishing effect. Pigeon meat is a rare delicacy with delicious taste and tender meat, rich in crude protein and a small amount of inorganic salts.
What is the prospect of raising pigeons in Xiayi? The prospect of carrier pigeon breeding in China has a long history, but carrier pigeon breeding, as a commodity production, was only developed in 1970s.
After 1980s, pigeon breeding industry developed rapidly and became a hot topic in animal husbandry. Due to the unique geographical advantages of China's southern coastal areas, Shanghai and Guangdong took the lead in introducing, breeding and developing carrier pigeon breeding, which made the carrier pigeon breeding in China develop rapidly from east to west and from south to north.
Hotels and restaurants all over the country are constantly introducing dishes featuring meat pigeons, which makes their demand increase. Nowadays, meat pigeon is no longer a strange food. Guangzhou and Shenzhen alone sold more than 3 million pigeons, and the demand in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin exceeded one million.
The domestic market is expanding day by day, and the consumption level is constantly improving, which further promotes the development of the meat pigeon industry. The stock has doubled, and it has entered full-scale commercial production, and the feeding management level has reached an advanced level. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 700 pigeon farms registered in China, with more than 2.5 million pairs of pigeons.
What is the future development prospect of pigeon breeding industry? The answer is beautiful. There are three reasons: first, the domestic market demand will continue to increase, "replacing chickens with pigeons" is not an illusion, and the international market is also expanding. At present, the export volume reaches150 thousand, and Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia have deeper development potential.
Second, the value of earning foreign exchange is high. The international market price of each meat pigeon is stable at US$ 4~5 and HK$ 30~40 yuan.
Third, the breeding conditions are good. China has suitable environment and feeding conditions, constantly optimizes and introduces varieties, and is rich in labor resources.
It is estimated that the meat pigeon breeding industry will develop faster in the future, and squab will become one of the best-selling foods. Second, the excellent varieties of meat pigeons belong to Vertebrate Subdivision, Avian Class, Lateral Head, Pigeonorder, Pigeonidae, Pigeons and Pigeons.
There are many kinds of meat pigeons. This paper briefly introduces the famous meat pigeons at home and abroad to help you choose correctly. Raising excellent breeding pigeons is the premise of speeding up the production of young pigeons and improving the efficiency of pigeon farms.
1.( 1) kg domestic pigeon is an excellent domestic breed cultivated by Mr. Chen, a famous pigeon expert in China. This breed is produced in Kunming, related to Hom and other pigeons, and weighs about 1 kg, so it is called kilogram pigeon. Strong adaptability, strong resistance and strong flying ability.
Pigeons grow fast in the early stage, precocious, easy to fatten and save feed. Body length, mostly tile gray, but also other coat colors.
(2) Shiqi pigeons were produced in Shi Qi Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China. It is composed of Wang Ge, Lunti, Meng Dan and other varieties and local hybrids.
Physical characteristics: body length, wing length, tail length, body is banana bud, the size is similar to that of king pigeon. Flat head, long nose, long beak and small eyes.
Strong reproductive ability, with an annual output of 7-8 pairs of young pigeons, but the eggshell is thin and easy to break when hatching. Adult male pigeons weigh 750-800g, female pigeons weigh 650-700g, and four-week-old young pigeons can reach 600g.
Pigeons in Shi Qi have more coat colors, and white is the best. (3) Yao 'an meat pigeon is produced in Yao Ning, Yunnan Province. It is a small and medium-sized meat pigeon with early maturity, strong adaptability, weight of 600-750g, high feed reward and rough feeding tolerance.
2. Excellent varieties of foreign meat pigeons (1) Wang Ge and Wang Ge are native to the United States, and the common ones are White King Pigeon and Silver King Pigeon. Baiyuwangge is a high-quality strain bred by relevant scientific research units in Shanghai, and it is one of the best breeding pigeons for meat in China.
Adult male pigeons weigh 750-900g and female pigeons weigh 650-750g. The whole body has pure white feathers, a round head, a protruding forehead, a small nose and beak tumor, a wide and round chest and long wings at the tail.
Laying 9~ 10 pairs and raising 6~8 pairs of young pigeons every year. The average weight of 4-week-old squab is 620g. (2) King Pigeon K (American King Pigeon) is a hybrid improved variety of King Pigeon, with many plumage colors, strong production performance, short cycle and rough feeding tolerance.
Adult pigeons weigh 500 ~ 750g. Pigeons are very small and weigh about 500 grams when they are 4 weeks old.
(3) The French ground pigeon (Mundan pigeon) was born in France and Italy. It is large, not good at flying and likes walking. The weight of adult pigeons is about1000g, the annual output of young pigeons is 6-8 pairs, and the weight of 4-week-old young pigeons can reach 750g.
Pigeons can be roughly divided into three types: crown type, flat head type and claw-shank type (hairy and hairless). ④ Heme pigeons (hemp pigeons) are native to Belgium and Britain.
The American 1920 has the best big elm. Adult pigeons weigh up to1000g, and 4-week-old pigeons weigh 600g.
The disadvantage is that the number of spawning nests is small, 5~6 pairs per year. The weight of pure Holm pigeons is 800-900g less than that of Daheim pigeons, and the annual output of young pigeons is 7-8 pairs.
(5) Cano pigeons (red pigeons) are produced in Belgium and France. It is characterized by wide chest, thick neck, short tail and small eyes.
Weighing 700 ~ 900g, it has a magnificent and upright appearance. Strong reproductive ability, the annual output of young pigeons is about 10 pairs.
Like clustering, poor adaptability and poor disease resistance. Feathers are pure red and pure white, and pure yellow army is the top grade.
Strong nesting ability, high fertilization rate and hatching rate. (6) Luan Pigeon is the largest kind of meat pigeon, which originated in Italy. Its weight can reach 1200 ~ 1500g, and the 4-week-old pigeon can reach 800g g.
Strong fertility, laying 8~ 10 pairs a year. However, because of its large size, low fertilization rate and hatching rate, the production benefit of commercial squab is not great, so it is better to breed other new varieties. Third, how to choose a good variety of meat pigeons. The fine breed of meat pigeon is an excellent breed selected by pigeon farm for a long time.
The parents of these varieties have strong reproductive ability and good production performance. As long as parent pigeons are introduced directly, squab production can be carried out. Generally, pigeon farms will not sell the original seeds of excellent varieties obtained through long-term breeding, that is, great-grandparents
Most buyers buy parents of excellent varieties, and parents can't completely repeat the excellent characteristics of the previous generation. Therefore, when selecting breeding pigeons, we should comprehensively observe the external milk shape and production capacity. It should be that the feathers are tight and shiny, and the body, feet and wings are not deformed; Eyes bright, rainbow clear, chest keel straight without bending, healthy and energetic.
In terms of production capacity, the weight at the age of 25 days should reach more than 500 grams, and the daily weight gain during the fattening period after 20 days is better. Adult male pigeons weigh more than 750 grams and adult female pigeons weigh more than 650 grams.
On the other hand, regional adaptability should be fully considered when introducing, and climate, geographical location, feed, sand control and water quality should be carefully compared. Buying breeding pigeons should be easy to raise and have a high survival rate. Novices tend to choose large varieties with large size and high price, while large varieties are difficult to raise, with low reproduction rate, poor brooding and lack of experience.
The first breeder had better choose the white feather king pigeon, which has been bred in China for many years, and this strain has adapted to various climates in China and extended to the southern sea.
The breeding history of tropical fish The so-called tropical fish is defined and named to distinguish it from other ornamental fish. Simply put, it is fish produced in tropical areas. Now it refers to the ornamental fish that live in the temperate and tropical regions of South and North China, including tropical freshwater fish and tropical marine fish, as well as some fish in subtropical regions.
The earliest country in the world to raise tropical ornamental fish is France. In A.D. 1868, Carponier introduced a tropical freshwater fish to Ci-culture in Paris. This fish is called Blissful Fish, but it is actually a wild betta in southern China, or China Betta.
This is the earliest tropical freshwater fish in the world as an artificial culture ornamental. Later, in Britain and the United States, all kinds of tropical freshwater ornamental fish were raised one after another, but the species were not as many as goldfish, and they were not developed until World War II.
With the establishment of tropical fish breeding associations in various countries, it has promoted the exchange of cultural techniques among ornamental fish lovers and promoted the vigorous development of tropical ornamental fish breeding.
What are the four advantages of pigeon breeding? If it is simple, the mother pigeon will hatch and raise the young pigeon after laying eggs.
Pigeons have strong immunity and disease resistance. As long as you do a good job of immunization against important diseases, you rarely get sick. Pigeons have strong adaptability, and the adaptive temperature is -40-40℃. Pigeons can grow in tropical, subtropical, temperate and cold zones, so they can be cultivated all over China.
The site requirements are not strict. Pigeonhouses and pigeonholes can build and use idle old houses. Pigeon breeding technology is simple and easy to learn.
② After 17- 18 days of incubation, the newly hatched squab weighs only about 20g. After 25 days of feeding, the young pigeons can grow to more than 500 grams, which is 25 times heavier than when they hatch.
It is the fastest growing bird in the early stage. (3) A pair of breeding pigeons with low cost can breed for 5 years, while breeding chickens can only use 1-2 years. The breeding time of meat pigeons is longer than that of chickens, so the cost of pigeon seed production is less than that of chickens.
Pigeons can be raised in large-scale three-dimensional cages, mainly plant materials, and the feed sources are extensive. They eat corn, wheat, rice, grass seeds, sorghum, beans and other coarse grains, and the ratio of meat to feed is 2: 1. A breeding pigeon consumes about 40 grams of grain every day, and a nursing pigeon consumes about 75 grams of grain every day.
Pigeons consume about1000-1500g of grain from hatching to slaughter at the age of 30 days, so the cost of raising pigeons is low. ④ Stable benefit: Each breeding pigeon can produce 8- 12 pairs of meat pigeons every year. According to the current wholesale price of each pigeon 1 1 yuan, after deducting the pigeon feeding fee, depreciation of fixed assets (pigeon houses and cages), materials, disease prevention and capital interest, each pigeon can make a net profit of about 6 yuan.
The input-output ratio is close to 1: 1. Ordinary farmers raise 100 pairs of breeding pigeons, which can earn nearly 10,000 yuan a year.
In addition, pigeon manure can be used to feed pigs after fermentation, which can save the fine words of raising pigs. Its practice: pigeon manure is dried and crushed, 5% concentrated feed is added, and after anaerobic fermentation for 24-48 hours, it is mixed with pig feed at the ratio of 1:5 (pigeon manure: feed), and the feeding effect is very good.
Pigeon manure contains 2.3% phosphoric acid, 3.04% nitrogen and 0/.53% potassium carbonate/kloc. It is a good organic fertilizer and a high-quality fertilizer for planting flowers.