Kelp, the scientific name of kelp
Classification of Phaeophyta, Phaeophyta (the only class of Phaeophyta), laminariales, Laminariaceae and Laminaria.
Alias Kun Bu and Jiang Cai.
Morphological algae are brown and leathery, generally 2-6 meters long and 20-30 cm wide. Algae are clearly divided into sessile bodies, stems and leaves. The fixer is in the shape of a false root, the handle is thick and short cylindrical, and the upper part of the handle is a wide and long blade. There are two parallel shallow grooves in the center of the blade, with a middle belt in the middle, 2-5 mm thick, and the two sides of the middle belt are thin and wavy. It is also an algae plant. Rhizome is only the root that plays a fixing role, and leaflike part is called leaflike body.
Origin and season: It is cultivated in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and the northern coast of Guangdong Province, and there are wild kelp on the rocks 2-3 meters below the low tide line. Due to the influence of temperature difference and light, kelp grows and matures early and late, and kelp matures in the same sea area or on the same seedling rope, so the harvesting period is from mid-May to early July.
Nutritional value Kelp is a kind of vegetable with high nutritional value. Every100g of dried kelp contains: crude protein 8.2g, fat 0. 1 g, sugar 57g, crude fiber 9.8g, inorganic salt12.9g, calcium 2.25g, iron 0./kloc-0.5g, carotene 0.57mg and carotene 0.57mg.. Compared with spinach and rape, except vitamin C, the contents of crude protein, sugar, calcium and iron are several times and dozens of times higher.
Kelp is a kind of seaweed with high iodine content. Generally, the iodine content of cultured kelp is 3 ~ 5 ‰, which can reach 7 ~ 10 ‰. Iodine and alginic acid extracted from it are widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Iodine is one of the essential elements for human body. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter. Eating kelp can prevent this disease, prevent arteriosclerosis and reduce the accumulation of cholesterol and fat.
Sodium alginate in kelp can prevent leukemia and bone diseases; It also has hemostatic effect on arterial bleeding, and oral administration can reduce the absorption of radioactive element strontium -90 in intestine. Sodium alginate has antihypertensive effect. Kelp starch has the function of lowering blood lipid. In recent years, kelp extract has been found to have anticancer effect. Kelp mannitol is effective in treating acute renal failure, brain edema, Japanese encephalitis and acute glaucoma. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should eat less.
In addition to eating kelp, it can also be used to make kelp soy sauce, kelp sauce and seasoning powder. Japanese people use kelp to grind into powder as an additive for sausages and other foods, and use kelp tea as a noble food to express happiness.
In industry, kelp is used to extract potassium salt, alginate and mannitol, instead of flour sizing and sizing cloth, as clarifier in wine making and as medical supplies.
Kelp is an export variety, named sea belt in English, and exported to Japan.
Sexual taste: salty and cold.
① Upp Materia Medica: "Sour and salty, cold and nontoxic."
② Herbal rejuvenation: "Bitter taste, cold nature and non-toxic."
Meridian tropism: entering the liver, stomach and kidney;
(1) dispensing of essential drugs: "entering the stomach meridian."
② Herbal rejuvenation: "Entering spleen meridian."
App application
1. Used for swelling and pain and dysentery. This product can be used alone or together with kelp and Undaria pinnatifida to enhance the effects of eliminating phlegm, softening and resolving hard mass.
2. Used for choking diaphragm, unable to eat. Amomum villosum can be ground into powder and milk can also be taken. * * * can play the role of resolving phlegm, resolving hard mass and benefiting the stomach.
3. Used for hernia and testicular cyst. Compatible with seaweed and fennel.
4. Used for edema and beriberi. Can be compatible with other diuretics.
In addition, modern medicine is also used for hypertension, coronary heart disease, tumor and so on. Use this product alone, or drugs with appropriate compatibility.
Usage: decoct soup, boil, cold salad, soak in sugar, or make pills or powder to take.
Functions: eliminating phlegm, softening hard mass, clearing away heat, promoting diuresis, relieving cough, relieving asthma, lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure, resolving hard mass and resisting cancer. Can be used for treating carbuncle, scrofula, hernia, cough and asthma, edema, hypertension, coronary heart disease and obesity.
Selected prescriptions for kelp treatment
1, cure scrofula: 50g of kelp and 50g of lean pork are fried. Twice a day. Or 50 grams of kelp and 30 grams of kelp, decocted in water twice a day.
2, treatment of skin itching: 50 grams of kelp, 50 grams of mung beans, 50 grams of brown sugar boiled, daily 1 time.
3, summer heat, hypertension, hyperlipidemia: 30 grams of kelp, melon 100 grams, 30 grams of coix seed with soup. Add appropriate amount of sugar to eat, one day 1 time.
4, treatment of testicular swelling and pain: kelp 1 5g, seaweed 1 5g, fennel 6g, decoction,1time, daily1time.
5, treatment of hypertension, arteriosclerosis and chronic bronchitis cough and asthma: kelp15g, japonica rice100g, pork lean meat 50g, cooked with porridge, seasoned with appropriate amount of salt or sugar.
6, cure liver fire headache, eye conjunctivitis: 20 grams of kelp, 30 grams of cassia seed, decoction, eat kelp and drink soup. Twice a day.
7. Treatment of iodine deficiency and juvenile goiter: kelp 25g, Nostoc flagelliforme10g, oyster sauce100g, with soup, often eaten.
8, treatment of chronic pharyngitis: 500 grams of seaweed, washed and cut into small pieces, cooked and removed, add 200 grams of white sugar and mix well, marinate 1 day. 50g twice a day.
9, treatment of obesity: 2 grams of kelp powder, ebony 1 tablet, soaked in boiling water, twice a day.
10, for treating skin heat rash, cervical lymphadenitis, and simple goiter: kelp 60g, mung bean 70g, japonica rice 100g, dried tangerine peel 1 tablet, cooked together, and seasoned with appropriate amount of sugar.
1 1. Sugar-stained kelp: 500 grams of kelp soaked in water, washed and cut into small pieces, cooked, fished out, mixed with 250 grams of white sugar and marinated for one day. 50g twice a day. Has the effects of softening hard mass and resolving hard mass, and can be used for treating chronic pharyngitis.
12, seaweed porridge: kelp 10- 15g, japonica rice 100g, appropriate amount of lean pork, porridge, and seasoning with appropriate amount of salt (or sugar). It has the effects of softening hardness, lowering blood pressure and diuresis, and is suitable for patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, chronic bronchitis and cough and asthma. Sclerosis and chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma.
13, kelp, winter melon and glutinous rice soup: 30g of kelp (or seaweed), 0g of winter melon100g, and 0g of glutinous rice10g, and add appropriate amount of sugar to taste. Has effect in lowering blood pressure, reduce blood lipid, relieving summer-heat, promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen, and prevent and treating cancer.
14, oyster sauce seaweed soup: oyster sauce 100g, kelp 25g, Nostoc flagelliforme 10g, cooked together, often eaten, can cure iodine deficiency and juvenile goiter.
15, kelp and mung bean syrup: 60 grams of kelp, shredded, mung bean 150 grams, cooked in the same soup, seasoned with appropriate amount of brown sugar. It has the effects of strengthening heart, promoting diuresis, softening hard mass, eliminating phlegm and eliminating gallbladder. It is suitable for hypertension, beriberi edema, tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes, simple goiter, summer furuncle in children, phlegm-heat cough, etc. Kelp medicated diet formula
16, moderate kelp, often eaten in soup, can treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and has anti-cancer effect.
Usage and dosage: decoction, boiling and cooling. Every time 15-50g.
People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should avoid eating, and those with thin constitution should not eat.
Ingredients and drugs
This product contains a variety of organic substances, iodine, potassium, calcium, iron and other elements, as well as protein, fatty acids, sugars, vitamins and nicotinic acid. It can prevent and treat endemic goiter and significantly reduce cholesterol. Eating kelp regularly can increase iodine intake and calcium absorption, which is considered to be one of the factors with anticancer effect. It has certain preventive and adjuvant therapeutic effects on hypertension, arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
The best combination is:
Kelp tofu
Tofu is rich in nutrition and contains saponins, which can inhibit the absorption of fat, promote the decomposition of fat and prevent the generation of peroxide in arteriosclerosis. However, saponin can cause iodine deficiency in human body, and kelp is rich in iodine necessary for human body (24g iodine per100g kelp). Because kelp contains more iodine, it can also induce goiter. When eaten together, the saponin in tofu can be discharged more, and the iodine in the body can be in a balanced state.
However, it should be noted that kelp is cold, and people with spleen and stomach deficiency are forbidden to eat. Patients with hyperthyroidism should not eat kelp. Pregnant women and lactating women should not eat too much kelp, because iodine in kelp can enter the fetus (baby) with blood circulation, causing thyroid dysfunction in the fetus (baby).
Kelp sesame
According to the analysis of modern nutrition, sesame contains many kinds of nutrients needed by human body. protein content is more than meat, among which amino acid content is very rich, and calcium content is twice that of milk. Sesame contains more fat, up to 54%, and lecithin, which can prevent hair from turning white or falling off prematurely. It contains vitamin E and other nutrients beneficial to the skin, which can improve blood circulation, promote metabolism and achieve cosmetic effect.
Kelp is rich in calcium and iodine, which contributes to the synthesis of thyroxine. The combination of these two foods can not only promote beauty beauty, but also delay aging.
Cold sesame kelp is a very nutritious and refreshing cold dish. First, remove impurities from 100g sesame seeds, wash them, put them in a pot, and stir-fry them slowly. When sesame seeds are fragrant, take them out of the pot and let them cool. 350g of wet kelp is washed and shredded. Steam kelp silk on high fire for 15 minutes, then take it out of the pot and let it cool. Add monosodium glutamate, vinegar, sugar and olive oil and mix well. Dish, sprinkle with sesame seeds and mix well.
Various exhibitions
1. Herbal classic Shu: kelp, salty, soft and firm, moistening dryness, cold in nature, can clear away heat and dissipate stagnation, so it is mainly used for treating 12 kinds of edema, swelling and pain, pneumatosis and fistula. Dongyuan Yun: If you are as hard as a stone, you can't get rid of it, but just being salty can make you soft and hard. The details of its odor performance treatment are roughly the same as those of seaweed.
2. "Materia Medica": The nature of kelp is better than seaweed, and it is often used for choking and removing old phlegm.
3. Records of Famous Doctors: There are twelve main types of edema, gas accumulation and fistula.
4. "The Theory of Medicinal Properties": It is beneficial to the waterway, except for facial swelling and malignant sores and rat fistulas.
5. "compendium of materia medica": the main swollen egg.
6. Cui Yuxi's "Food Classics": Treating nine fistulas, wind and heat, fever and numbness in hands and feet, in order to benefit people.
7. "Materia Medica Xuan Tong": The main choking diaphragm.
8. Yao Kecheng's Materia Medica: nepotism, with red, white and leucorrhea as the main female and wet dream as the main male.
9. "Medicinal Solution of Sorbus fragrans": Drain water to eliminate dampness, and break the accumulation to be soft and firm. Clearing heat and promoting diuresis, treating abdominal distension, scrofula, furuncle and hernia. It is used with seaweed and kelp.
10. Modern and practical Chinese medicine: treating edema, stranguria and wet beriberi. It also treats goiter, chronic tracheitis and cough.
Harvest and storage
Harvest in summer and autumn, remove from the sea and dry.
Allocation of resources
1. The distribution of natural growth in China is limited to the rich sea areas of Liaodong and Shandong Peninsula. Artificial farming has been extended to the coastal areas of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. But it is a cold temperate species.
2. China is distributed in the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian. It is a warm temperate species.
3. Undaria pinnatifida in China can be divided into two types: palace type and gangbu type. The algae body is slender, pinnate is close to the midvein, and the spore leaves are quite far from the leaves. Growing in the coastal areas of Dalian and Shandong. On the other hand, Formty picayendo is just the opposite, that is, it is short in size, shallow in pinnate, and the spore leaves are close to the leaves. Zhejiang Shengsi Islands naturally grow and belong to this type.
Contraindications to drugs
People with spleen-stomach deficiency and cold-dampness constitution should not take it.
Animal and plant morphology
1. kelp is olive brown and dark brown after drying. Mature leather is banded, generally 2-6 meters long and 20-50 cm wide. There are two parallel shallow grooves in the center of the blade. The thicker part between the two grooves is the "middle belt", with a thickness of about 2-5mm, and the edges on both sides gradually become thinner with wavy folds. The base of the blade is wedge-shaped, the rough stage is oblate, and there is a short cylindrical or oblate handle under it, with a length of 5-650. There are mucus cavities in the outer cortex and secretory cells in the cavity, which can secrete mucus to the surface of leaves to form a colloid layer, making algae sticky and slippery and playing a protective role. The pith consists of many filaments, and one end of the filament cell expands into a trumpet-shaped tube. The leaves of young algae are smooth, and the leaves of small kelp are concave and convex. In the lower part of annual algae leaves, sporangia can usually be seen to grow in a nearly round sheet shape; Sporocysts grow on almost all leaves of biennial algae. The fixator consists of a bifurcated denture root. Spores mature in autumn.
2. The thallus of black kelp is dark brown to dark brown, leathery and 30- 100cm high or higher. The thallus is flat and wide, slightly thick in the middle, pinnately divided once or twice from both sides, with long tongue-shaped or long lobes and slightly wrinkled edges. Petiole stem, cylindrical or slightly flat, 4- 12 cm long and 3-8 mm in diameter. In the cortical cells of algae, there are mucus channels arranged in a ring, which are 1-2 layers. The pith consists of angular filaments with uncertain direction. The zoosporangium group is formed on the surface of the middle and lateral lobes of mature bacteria. The fixator is composed of two branches of the false root. Sporangium is formed in early summer and spores mature in autumn.
3. The thallus of Undaria pinnatifida is yellowish brown and soft leathery, with a height of 1-2m and a width of 50- 100cm. The thallus is flat, with a prominent convex midvein in the middle, and both sides become thinner and softer, forming many pinnate lobes, or with uneven notches, but without serrations. There are many small black spots scattered on the leaves, which are the openings of mucus cells to the epidermis. When mature, there are mushroom-like folded spore leaves on both sides of the lower petiole, which are sticky and have dense sporangia on them. The lower end of the petiole is a fixer composed of bifurcated rhizomes.
Efficacy classification
Cough medicine; Soft and hard drugs; emictory
Medicinal plant cultivation
Biological characteristics Kelp was originally a cold-water seaweed. Its growth temperature is 0 ~ 65438 03℃, and the optimum temperature is 2 ~ 7℃. The photosynthesis of kelp needs enough light energy to absorb nutrients from seawater. Due to the different turbidity or transparency of seawater, there are different water depths suitable for growth, the deep depth is 2 ~ 3m below the tidal level, and the shallow depth is below the water surface 1m (topdressing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in seawater can increase the yield of kelp). The sea area with high velocity grows well, otherwise it grows slowly and is easy to get sick. The general flow rate is 50 ~ 80 cm/s.
Thallus laminariae is a plant with obvious alternation of generations. Ascomycetes of algae release zoospores and germinate to form gametophytes. The oocysts and seminal vesicles of gametophyte combine to form zygotes, which germinate to produce young sporophytes, and the young sporophytes reproduce asexually to form kelp.
Although there are many kinds of kelp seedling breeding techniques, summer seedlings cultivated in June-July are the main seedling sources of kelp culture in China. A refrigeration system, a water supply system for pumping water from the sea, and a glass room with adjustable light structure have been built at the bottom of the rocky reef in the Kunbu culture area and in the pollution-free sea area. The temperature difference between north and south in China is large, so spores should be collected in June-August before the water temperature rises to 23℃. Individuals with flat, wide, thick leaves, strong, dark brown color, abundant spore soup, moderate maturity and no decay were selected from the sea as kelp, and moved to indoor water for further culture. The water temperature was kept at13 ~18℃, and under the conditions of natural illumination and topdressing with 400mg/m3 nitrogen and 520mg/m3 phosphorus, cysts appeared on the surface of leaves after14 days. In order to release zoospores in large quantities, seed kelp can be hung in the shade to dry for 2-4 hours, and then put into a pool with a water temperature of 20-22℃ to stimulate it to release zoospores, which can be attached to a growth base made of bamboo or brown rope and then cultured. The aquaculture water temperature is below 10℃, and the daily illumination time is above 10h. According to different growth stages, the light quantity is adjusted by shading equipment, which is increased from 500lx to 3000lx. Fertilization amount at seedling stage: nitrogen 3xl0-6, phosphorus 0. 15x 10-6, nitrogen 4×l0-6, phosphorus 0.2×l0-6, nitrogen 5× 10-6, and phosphorus 0.15×. Replace a part of seawater regularly, and maintain a certain flow rate, so that the amount of water changed every hour can reach 1/6 ~ 1/3, and the water quality can be kept clean. After about 100d, when the seedlings grow to 1 ~ 2 cm, they should be moved to the sea for temporary cultivation. Curtains should be covered, fertilizers should be applied and the water layer should be adjusted in time so that the seedlings can be clamped when they grow to 10 ~ 15 cm. After "shaking" the seedlings, they should be clamped in 1. The spacing between single seedlings is 2.5 ~ 3 cm, and 2 ~ 3 seedlings are clustered with the spacing of 5 ~ 7 cm. Then, the seedling rope is hung on the raft, which can be planted vertically, horizontally and obliquely.
Pests and diseases mainly control diseases such as green rot and white rot at seedling stage. The control effect can be achieved by mastering the appropriate spore adhesion density (not too large), improving illumination, strengthening washing and soaking with 0.05% or 0.0 1% ammonium sulfate. During the feeding period, attention should be paid to dense breeding at the beginning, and thinning should be carried out when it grows to about1m. According to the different growth stages of kelp, measures such as adjusting light intensity, washing floating mud, spraying fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and adjusting water layer were taken to prevent and control green rot, white rot and spotted white rot.
job operation
Remove impurities, rinse with water, cut into wide shreds, and dry.
Identification of raw medicinal materials
Personal identification (1) Kelp is curled and folded into a ball or wrapped into a handle. They are all green-brown or black-brown, with hoarfrost on the surface. Softened with water, it is spread into a flat strip with a length of 50- 150cm and a width of 10-40cm, with a thick center and a thin edge, which is wavy. Similar to leather, it has a flat cylindrical handle. It tastes fishy and salty.
(2) The Black Sea belt is ovoid or oblate, with 1-2 pinnate division, long tongue-shaped lobes and sparse or entire teeth. It tastes fishy and salty. Soak in water and spread by hand.
(3) Undaria pinnatifida has a 1 pinnate split with a raised middle rib in the center. It tastes fishy and salty. It's better to be big, thick and blue-green.
The quality mark "China People's Pharmacopoeia" (1995 edition) stipulates that the iodine (I) content in kelp shall not be less than 0.35% and that in the Black Sea belt shall not be less than 0.20%.
Sexual taste
Salty; Cold; nontoxic
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine
Take this product 10g, cut into pieces, add 200ml of distilled water, soak for 4h, and concentrate the filtrate to 1/2. Take 2 ~ 3 ml of concentrated solution, add 1 drop of nitric acid and a few drops of silver nitrate test solution to produce yellow emulsion precipitation, which is slightly soluble in ammonia solution and insoluble in nitric acid. (check iodine)
Source of medicinal materials
It is thallus of laminaria (laminaria) and laminaria pinnatifida.
The form of medicine
Kunbu eye drops.
dosage
Oral administration: decoction, 5-15g; I still took the pills and dispersed them.
source
China Materia Medica and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Kelp is a delicious food, which can be used for cold salad and soup. But before eating, you should wash it, then soak it, and then put the soaked water and kelp into the pot to make soup. This can prevent mannitol and some vitamins dissolved in water from being discarded, thus preserving the effective components in kelp.
Soak in clear water for 2 ~ 3 hours before cooking, and change the water several times.
In order to ensure that kelp is tender and delicious, it can be boiled in water 15 minutes, and the time should not be too long.