Content summary:
Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province, a major economic province in the eastern coastal area of China. It has a long history, beautiful scenery and many springs, and is known as the "Spring City". However, with the rapid development of China's economy, Jinan's economy is also changing with each passing day. While enjoying new life and enjoying new scenic spots, we should also explore the value of Jinan's history and culture to tourism and the unique value of Jinan.
Keywords: Jinan historical tourism culture
First, the geographical position of Jinan
Jinan is located at 36 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and 1 17 degrees 00 minutes east longitude, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. Located at the junction of hilly areas in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plain in northwest Shandong, the terrain is high in the south and low in the north. The terrain can be divided into three areas: the northern yellow area, the central plain area and the southern hilly area. There are two main rivers in Jinan: Yellow River and Xiaoqing River. Lakes include Daming Lake and Baiyun Lake.
Jinan belongs to the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons and abundant sunshine.
Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province, the eastern coastal economic province of China, the political, economic, scientific and educational center of the whole province, and a famous historical and cultural city announced by the State Council. It is called "Spring City".
Second, the history of Jinan
Jinan is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Shun is the leader of a primitive tribe in China, born and living in Jinan. Chengziya in the eastern suburb of Jinan is the discovery place of Longshan culture marked by black pottery in Neolithic age in China. The oldest city site in China is about 200,000 square meters. As a city, Jinan has a history of more than 4000 years.
Dozens of Neolithic sites have been found in Jinan area. As early as 89,000 years ago, there were traces of human activities in Jinan area.
After Qin Shihuang unified the world, the county system was established, and Jinan County was established in the early Han Dynasty, which was the beginning of the appearance of "Jinan".
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism flourished in Jinan, leaving many Buddhist attractions. The main remains are the six Simen Pagoda in Licheng, the statue of the Thousand Buddha Cliff Grottoes, the Dragon Tiger Pagoda and the Nine-Summit Pagoda, as well as the grotto statues in Qianfo Mountain, Tongshan Mountain, Hanyu and Longdong.
After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Jinan presented a scene of peace and prosperity. The famous poet Huang Tingjian once praised the lakes and mountains of Jinan with the poem "Jinan is as chic as Jiangnan". At the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, Jinan's "Er 'an" became famous in the literary world one after another: Li Qingzhao, a poetess, was called the graceful school, while Xin Qiji, an uninhibited poetess, was not only a national hero who devoted herself to national reunification, but also a prolific writer, and was called "Su Xin" with Su Shi.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jinan's cultural undertakings were quite developed, and a number of famous scholars emerged. Bian Gong, the former seven sons, and Li Panlong, the latter seven sons, are famous in the literary world.
After the founding of New China, Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Shandong Provincial People's Congress, Shandong Provincial People's Government, Shandong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, jinan military area command and Shandong Military Region were all stationed in Jinan, and Jinan continued to maintain its position as the political center of Shandong Province.
Third, Jinan Cultural Group.
Jinan is rich in 72 springs and Ziya cultural sites in Longshan City, enjoying the reputation of "Jinan celebrities come forth in large numbers". Over the years, cultural circles have been used to saying that Jinan's culture consists of three series, namely, spring culture, Longshan culture and celebrity culture.
Cultivated in Lishan Mountain, which is the real name of Qianfo Mountain. On the bank of Baotu Spring, there was an Yinghuang Temple (Shun's two wives) about 2000 years ago. The stream flowing out of Baotu Spring was recorded in the northern Wei geography masterpiece "Notes on Water Mirror", named "Eying River". Jinan's "spring culture" comes from this.
The Dashun period is equivalent to the late Neolithic period, that is, the Longshan cultural era 4000 years ago. Dashun is an expert in pottery making, and the location of his production activities coincides with the Longshan cultural site marked by black pottery.
Shun likes playing the piano and singing. The Book of Books records many of his arguments about poetry and music. His lack of joy also touched Confucius' "knowing the taste of meat in March". It can be seen that Dashun is a typical Confucian culture, and Confucianism is the representative of Qilu culture after the Spring and Autumn Period, which has cohesion and appeal to cultural celebrities. Therefore, "there are many celebrities in Jinan" is a natural thing.
Fourth, Wulongtan
In the past, Wulongtan was a courtyard facing south at the northern end of Jiangjiachi Street. In the early years, it was the former residence of the founding general of the Tang Dynasty (Qin), and now it has been expanded into Wulongtan Park.
At that time, Wulongtan, known as "Old Cow Bay", was a large natural inlet. Surrounded by natural earth dikes, there are some weeping willows. The water in Laoniuwan has been very dark and I can't see the bottom. At that time, it was said that there was a "sea eye" in the low-lying part of the bay, and there was a "treasure altar" in the sea eye, guarded by five dragons outside the altar. Therefore, it is said that "there is Wulongtan in Laoniuwan", so it has the name of "Wulongtan (altar)". This is the folklore of that time.
In addition, there is a story told by an old man at that time: once upon a time, there was a treasure hunter in the south, who determined that there was a treasure under Laoniuwan (that is, Wulongtan) and planned to steal it. In order to ask for help, he often gives financial help to a woman who lives by the bay and washes clothes for a living. After a long time, he made a request and got the washerwoman's consent. Then one night, they came to Laoniuwan. The treasure thief said that one end of a prepared red rope was tied around his waist, and he gave it to the washerwoman. He told him, "No matter how big the water changes in the bay, don't throw away the line." The treasure thief jumped into the bay and the washerwoman put down the rope. When the rope was almost used up, the water in the bay suddenly rose and churned up and down like a boiling pot (this is the struggle between treasure thieves and Wulong). Just as the flood was about to wash ashore, the washerwoman forgot the instructions of the treasure thief and threw away the rope and ran home. Since then, the water in the bay has returned to calm, and the treasure thieves have never surfaced again.
In the past, when you went to Laoniuwan, you could also see the "Jiangjiachi" on the east side of the road outside the door. It is a square clear water spring pool with an area of about 40 square meters. The northern end of Quanchi was under the window of Huiquanlou Hotel. East of the back wall of the house; There is a street in the west and south, with half a circle of low stone walls for people to watch. The spring water in the pool is clear and the water plants are scarce. Some live carp of similar size are swimming, which is said to be "released fish".
Lucy, opposite Jiang Jiachi is "James Li", in the yard of a pickles shop. The store is named "Liquanju" because of its spring water, and it is a century-old shop. The entrance of the sauce garden is the hall, the middle of the house is the aisle, and the counters are on both sides. The entrance is a small courtyard, next to a deep pool of Liquan. There are many big carp in spring, the big one is more than one meter long, the color is blue and black, and it moves slowly. It is said that they are century-old fish, and they have become a wonder of Jinan prefecture.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Red Chamber Catholic Cathedral
The Catholic Cathedral in the Red Chamber was designed by the Austrian monk Xiang. 190 1 started construction, 1904 was completed, and 1906 was expanded into a gothic building. The expanded cathedral covers an area of 1625 square meters and can accommodate thousands of people for dispersion. Very spectacular. The Red Chamber Church is the largest church in North China.
The church is huge and magnificent, with a Latin cross on the plane and a typical Gothic architectural style on the facade. The church faces east and west, and two stone square bell towers stand on both sides of the church, with the top of the tower towering into the sky. Two bell towers sandwich the gables of the central church hall. The tower is covered with slender spires and narrow windows, which increases the height of the tower. The gables of the hall are crowded with crowded windows, and the flame door at the bottom is carved with vivid statues, and everything is full of upward momentum. The hall of the church is very high and long, full of mysterious religious atmosphere.
Hongjialou Catholic Church is a typical Gothic building with reasonable structure, high quality and exquisite details. The whole building gives people a magnificent feeling, which fully demonstrates China's excellent traditional culture, traditional technology and traditional craft, and can build any building with complex structure and fine manufacturing technology.
Although Hongjialou Catholic Church is a purely Western-style building, we can still see the influence of China tradition in some details. The roof of the main hall of the church is covered with traditional small black tiles from China. In addition, there are two stone faucets carved on the upper stone wall on both sides of the middle door of the church, with large mouths and round eyes. The carving is vivid and exaggerated, which obviously draws lessons from the traditional folk culture of China.
Sixth, the lost old railway station in Jinan.
A city that loses its memory will lose its charm, and similarly, a station that loses its history will lose its context. Bear and retain, save and jump, pursue and witness ... the future context of the station is actually preserved in the memory of the station.
The old railway station in Jinan was designed and built by Herman Fischer, a famous German architect, at the end of/kloc-0 and the beginning of the 20th century. This is a typical German railway station building. The tall bell tower stretching into the blue sky reflects the religious concept in medieval Europe, but the designers changed the spire connected with the gods they believed in into a Romanesque dome, and decorated four big round bells on the wall under the dome to replace the church bells that can only be perceived through hearing, which not only increased the visual appreciation, but also provided convenience for tourists.
The long spiral window on the facade of the bell tower, the arched window above the lintel of the ticket office, the triangular and semi-circular skylight under the eaves of the roof, etc. , not only adds the beauty of curves to the building, but also increases the indoor brightness. The square granite with uneven corners, the high pedestal steps outside the door, the dark green pine and cypress planted in front of the window, and the brown fence all make this old foreign gas station neither too small nor too small, which is exquisite, delicate, heavy and solid.
As soon as this unique railway station was completed, it was widely praised by architects and people at home and abroad and became the most famous in the Far East. Many outsiders, including Yu Yang, first knew Jinan, remembered the old railway station and Jinan.
During the period of 1989, high-level people, experts and scholars had a heated debate on whether to keep and rebuild the old railway station in Jinan or to completely tear it down and start a new stove. 1the plan in March 1992 was finalized. At 8: 05 on July 1 that year, the precise mechanical clock on the bell tower of the old station stopped rotating forever, and Jinan people withdrew from the historical stage after 80 years of spring and autumn.
The old railway station in Jinan, which has been open to the public for a hundred years, is now in ruins.
Eight, straw buns shop
The mention of straw bags will evoke deep memories of many old Jinan people, because the straw bag shop is a relatively complete old shop in Jinan with a history of nearly a hundred years.
Straw buns have always enjoyed a high reputation among Jinan diners, but few people know its history.
"Straw bag" surnamed Zhang, a famous writer, was born in Luokou Town. When I was a child, I went to Zhenyuan Restaurant in Luokou, where I learned from Ang Lee, a famous chef. He is simple and honest by nature, burning fire, choosing vegetables and doing chores all day, so he is called "straw bag" among his disciples. 1937, after the lugoujiao incident, the "straw bag" family fled from Luokou to Jinan city. In order to support my family, with the support of my friends, I opened a steamed stuffed bun shop in the west of the south section of Taiping Temple Street in Ximen, and later moved to the corner of Jia Ran Lane in Puli Street, where I am now, using "straw bag" as the font size. Straw buns are not only beautiful in appearance and mouth-watering, but also rich in soup and delicate in taste. Coupled with Lao Zhang's sincerity, the "straw bag" steamed stuffed bun shop soon became famous in Jinan. Soon, the war of liberation started. 1948 In the battle of Jinan in September, the Kuomintang dispatched planes to attack the city. Unfortunately, a food store next door was hit by a bomb. The high gable fell and hit the steamed bun shop. Zhang was pinned under the wall on the spot and never woke up. His pregnant wife and fetus survived the accident, and the rice straw bun shop is also facing unprecedented disaster. 1956 after the public-private partnership, the steamed stuffed bun shop was merged into Jinan catering company, the storefront was newly renovated, there were more employees, and the business was gradually getting better.
Since its establishment, the straw bag shop has experienced the baptism of war, the replacement of old and new societies and political changes, and witnessed the ups and downs of Jinan in the past 100 years. I sincerely wish that the old name of "straw bag" steamed stuffed bun will be full of youthful vitality and take every step.
Jinan, an ancient city with a history of 4,000 years of civilization, has experienced the vicissitudes of history and the baptism of war, leaving valuable tourism value for future generations. Let's indulge in the unique and simple atmosphere of Jinan. Millennium Furong Street shows the historical context of Jinan, from ancient city streets, traditional houses, cultural relics, to spring scenery, food culture, historical celebrities, and then to folk literature and traditional crafts, which embodies too many historical essences of Jinan. Strolling through the streets of Jinan, I saw many western-style buildings with different scenery, and quite a few of them were church buildings, which were distributed in every corner of the city. Church is not only a place for religious activities, but also a carrier of culture. The precipitation of these cultures and the accumulation of history let us see the scenery outside Jinan in spring. It is because of them that Jinan can be called a famous historical and cultural city and let more people feel the unique tourism culture of Jinan. They not only witnessed the past of Jinan, but also influenced its future.
However, with the continuous development and prosperity of urban areas, these once prosperous areas are bound to face new development. It is a challenging task to make them not only conform to the modern people's appreciation concept, but also retain the ancient characteristics. Take Furong Street Historic Block as an example: First, the amount of work is too large to operate; The planned protection control area of Furong Street Historic Block is 46.8 1 hectare, starting from quancheng road in the south, Hu Ming Road in the north, Xixiang in the east, Gongyuan Qianggen Street in the west, and Shengfuqian Street in the west, with Furong Street, Wangfuchi, Qushui Pavilion and Baihuazhou as the centers. Second, it is not enough to invest billions of dollars only by government investment; Third, a little carelessness will cause development damage, and the loss cannot be compensated. The historical block of Furong Street is backward in means of sewage discharge, and there is no parking lot around it. Quancheng road is also a road dominated by walking, and it is difficult to digest large crowds and traffic for the time being; Future block maintenance and home interest protection are also problems that need to be solved seriously.
From the above discussion, we can see that history has left us valuable historical tourism resources, but it has also left us with many problems that need to be solved thoroughly. We should not only learn to develop and utilize rationally, but also cherish and protect, use scientific schemes and take reasonable measures to leave our history to future generations.
Qianfo Mountain, Baotu Spring and Daming Lake are not the only representatives of tourism in Jinan. If one day Qianfo Mountain becomes a luxury villa area, Baotu Spring becomes a backwater, and Daming Lake becomes a backwater, what will Jinan's tourism industry have? Therefore, we should constantly develop new tourist attractions and resources while grasping old things.
I hope that one day, when Jinan people introduce their cities to the world, they will not only talk about Qianfo Mountain, Baotu Spring and Daming Lake, but also proudly mention: "Millennium Furong Street, century-old Red Mansion Cathedral".