The locals of this castle call it "Zhaojiabao". Zhaojiabao not only preserves a city with complete structure, but also has complete life defense functions, coordinated architectural forms and orderly arrangement and planning, and its architectural style is very rare in southern Fujian. Cultural relics experts conducted a comprehensive appraisal and comprehensive analysis of Zhaojiabao, and basically determined that Zhaojiabao was built at least not later than the end of the Ming Dynasty, and it is a group of well-preserved ancient architectural relics.
Cultural relics experts also found that most of the residents living in this castle are surnamed Zhao, claiming to be a big family with the same surname. Zhaojiabao is located in a She nationality township, and Zhao's surname does not belong to the She nationality, indicating that the residents in this castle moved from other places.
Why did a Han family move to Minnan, where she people live? When was such an ancient castle built? What special meaning is hidden in the architectural style of the ancient castle?
Zhaojiabao is located in the southeast coast of Fujian, bordering the Taiwan Province Strait in the east, Meizhou in the west, Xiamen and Zhangzhou in the north and Chaozhou and Shantou in the south. It is surrounded by Liangshan Mountain, which blocks the hurricanes in the west and south directions. Mount Wutai is the northern barrier, and Danzao Mountain stands on the coast of the East China Sea. Surround Zhaojiabao in a small plain with calm wind and rain and fertile soil.
Zhaojiabao covers an area of about 6,543,800+2,000 square meters, which is divided into two floors, inside and outside. The perimeter of the outer city is1082m, and the plane is an irregular quadrilateral. The inner city is a closed tower, and there are four groups of the same Wujin Mansion, six same halls and corresponding rooms between the outer city and the inner city.
This ancient castle has four gates. The north gate is the main gate, named Sheng. There is an urn outside the city gate and a tower at the north gate, which has been destroyed; The East Gate, known as the Great Barrier of the East, is the most intact city gate at present. Simon's name is Dante Zhongxiang; There is no plaque in the south gate, and I don't know when it has been sealed by stone bars.
The outer layer of the city wall is all made of slate, with stones placed horizontally and vertically, and the wall is filled with rammed earth. The wall is about 2.5 meters thick and 5 meters high. The top of the wall is paved with stone slabs for people to walk, and the outer side is rammed with concrete to build the wall battlements. This kind of city wall is very strong and defensive.
As a castle where people live together, Zhaojiabao not only has the function of defense, but also has the function of survival and development for a big family. The setting of the castle in terms of residence, etiquette, folk activities, garden leisure, etc. There are also extremely detailed arrangements.
In the city near the north gate of Zhaojiabao, cultural relics experts also found a broken stone tablet. The inscription recorded such a sentence: "After the ancestor Min Nan crossed, he dared not sail with the young emperor and lived in the beautiful coast." Jimei mentioned in this paper is a coastal mountain village in Fotan Town, Zhangpu County, about 10 km away from Zhaojiabao. According to experts' judgment on the content of the inscription, the Zhao family living in the castle probably arrived in Jimei from the sea, then moved to the present location of Huxiang Town and built Zhaojiabao. The "ancestor Min" mentioned in the inscription may also be the builder of Zhaojiabao.
If this judgment is in line with historical facts, then there is a large family of Han surname living in the area where the She nationality lives in compact communities, and there is a reasonable explanation. However, this judgment still lacks circumstantial evidence. There are only a few stone tablets left in the castle, so it is difficult to explain the origin of Zhaojiabao. However, cultural relics experts vaguely realize that this castle has not been destroyed for hundreds of years, and there are many families with the same surname, so there is likely to be strong evidence related to the history of the castle in the city.
Through a large number of visits, cultural relics experts finally saw Zhao Jiapu in a resident's home.
Just the title of the genealogy surprised the cultural relics experts, which impressively read: "Bianjing Country". Bianjing, now Kaifeng, was once the capital of the Song Dynasty in history. Is the word "Zhao" in the name of Zhaojiabao and the surname of Zhao of the residents in the fort related to the Zhao royal family in the Song Dynasty? Cultural relics experts opened this genealogy with deep doubts, and the introduction part was an article named Zhao Shuxu. This paper describes the important current events in 320 years from Song Taizu's proclaimed himself emperor to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty in concise language, just like an extremely condensed history of the Song Dynasty. The signature of the article surprised the experts present. The writing time of the article is "the first day of the first month of Yuan Dynasty" and the signature is "Wei Sun Zhao Ruohe's book".
Earlier, the stone tablet discovered by experts was engraved with the words "the ancestors dared not make peace", and the author of this "Zhao Family Tree Preface" is Zhao Ruohe. So are these two "How" the same person? According to historical records, there was indeed Zhao Ruo in the history of the Song Dynasty, with the title of "King of Minchong County". Their ancestor is Wang Kuangmei, the younger brother of the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, so "King of Minchong County" is actually "King of Minchong County", that is, Zhao Ruohe.
However, according to historical records, when the Southern Song Dynasty perished, the last royal family Zhao either threw himself into the sea or was killed by Yuan soldiers. At that time, Zhao Ruohe and the young emperor Zhao Min were besieged by the Yuan Army and finally died in the sea. But why did Zhao Ruohe, the king of Minchong County, appear in Zhaojiabao?
In A.D. 1276, Bo Yan, a general of the Yuan Army, led an army into Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and captured Song Gongdi Zhao Xian, who was only five years old. The adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty fled to Fujian in panic and made Zhao Haoqi and his party emperor, maintaining the crumbling Dasong Dynasty. At that time, the palace was located in the palace of Zhao Ruohe, the king of Minchong County. But soon, under the pressure of Yuan soldiers, the small court of Southern Song Dynasty continued to flee to Quanzhou. Unexpectedly, the garrison general Pu Shougeng had already surrendered to the Yuan Army, refused the little emperor to enter the city, and killed more than 2,000 Zhao royalty in the city. The small court had to flee to Nanhai, Guangdong.
1At the beginning of 278, 1 1 year-old Song Duanzong Zhao Yun was frightened to death in the pursuit of the Yuan Army. Under the auspices of Prime Minister Lu Xiufu, the legacy of the Southern Song Dynasty once again made seven-year-old Wang Wei Zhao Min, Zhao Gang's younger brother and emperor, name him "Xiangxing" and move to Guangdong Yashan.
1279 At the beginning of the year, Zhang Hongfan, the general of Yuan Army, led the water army to turn from Shandong to the south, which was close to Guangdong Yashan. Then the Yuan army occupied Haikou, and an Indiana Jones cut off the supply line of Song Jun. In early February, 200,000 Song Jun was attacked by the Yuan army from north to south. Lu Xiufu, the prime minister, worried that the emperor was captured and humiliated, and threw himself into the sea to be martyred, ending the Zhao-Song dynasty that ruled China for 320 years.
The whereabouts of Zhao Ruohe, the king of Minchong County, have not been mentioned in the history of Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. According to the folk story, Zhao Ruohe was buried in the sea with the little emperor. However, this "Zhao Family Tree" unexpectedly continued to write the history after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, thus revealing an ancient castle living in southern Fujian, its secret connection with Bianjing in the capital of song dynasty, and the hardships of a ruined royal family in a foreign land.
There is such a description in the preface to Zhao Shu: "Unexpectedly, the Yuan soldiers arrived and fought for several days. Knowing that the situation had been defeated, I rushed out of Hong Kong in sixteen boats with Xu Dafu and Minister Huang. I met Chen at the shallow Australian conference in Guangya and wanted to go to Fuzhou to restore the royal family. The ship reached more than 70 miles in Nan 'ao, Guangdong Province. The hurricane was so big that the ship broke just right and boarded Hepu. To venture to the east of Wu Yu, the ship also lost its leverage, landed in Puxi, and then moved to Hongru to live in the United States. "
This passage clearly describes Zhao Ruohe's escape route, and also confirms the relationship between the king of Minchong County and Jimei. "Seize the port" should refer to escaping from the Yashan seaport surrounded by Yuan soldiers. After going out to sea, the fleet was hit by a hurricane in Nan 'ao, Guangdong Province, and drifted with the current to Wuyu, Xiamen. The strong hurricane stopped the pursuit of the Yuan army and seriously damaged Zhao Re and his ship. In desperation, Zhao Ruohe and others had to land in Puxi and then sneak into the beautiful Mount Wu to hide.
In order to avoid the pursuit of Yuan soldiers, Zhao Ruohe was forced to remain anonymous and lived in a foreign land for more than 30 years. Zhao Ruohe had mixed feelings and couldn't sleep at night, so he wrote the first page of Zhao's genealogy. Write down the ups and downs of the Zhao family for thousands of years; He wrote about his life's drift from place to place. "Misfortune comes from heaven, and there are tigers in the world. In order to escape, he avoided surnamed Huang, lived in Puxi, and later immigrated to the United States, where Confucianism occupied. Building an industry takes time and hates life. "
Since then, this extinct royal family has lived silently along the coast of Fujian for a century.
In the 18th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Jian, the Imperial Adviser, took over a case of consanguineous marriage of Huang in Zhangpu. At that time, a villager named Huang was accused of marrying someone with the same surname. According to Daming's law, it is immoral to marry with the same surname and will be punished. Seeing that Huang was about to be severely punished, his younger brother Huang thought twice and finally presented the genealogy hidden for hundreds of years to the court.
The officials in the class never imagined that an extinct royal family had quietly crossed the Yuan Dynasty and now exists in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Jianer reported this situation to the court. To many people's surprise, Zhu Yuanzhang, a suspicious and murderous old emperor, did not raise a butcher's knife, but gave Zhao's descendants his original surname with a wave of his imperial pen.
After the case of Huang's intermarriage with the same surname, Zhao's descendants can finally survive and reproduce like normal families, which also laid the foundation for them to build Zhaojiabao in the future.
According to Zhao's Genealogy, Zhao Shukuan, the eighth grandson of Zhao Ruohe, was good at managing money during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and the family began to revive. He bought land extensively, built ancestral temples, made friends with literati, and invited famous teachers for his son Zhao Fan. Zhao Fan was buried in Qin Long for five years, and successively served as the magistrate of Wuwei Prefecture, the magistrate of Cizhou Prefecture, the minister of official department, the secretariat of Guizhou Province, and the deputy envoy of Zhejiang Provincial Court, and received the salary of Datong. Since then, the Zhao family in Zhangpu has begun to revive.
At that time, the Zhao family built a large earthen fort in Jimei, a coastal area, but it was often harassed by the Japanese pirates, which made it restless. In addition, the local Yang family often made trouble and provoked, so they decided to move in. Finally, we chose Shuoshan Mountain in the southeast of Huxi Basin in Zhangpu County, where the fields are fertile and surrounded by green hills, far away from the Japanese invaders.
In the 28th year of Wanli, Zhao Fan built the Wanbi Building with strong defensive function, and then built the city wall and supporting buildings in the 32nd year of Wanli. In the seventh year of Chongzhen, Zhao Yi, the son of Zhao Fan, built three houses in the city, including the North and South Chapels, forming the present scale.
Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, experienced many floods of the Yellow River in the Ming Dynasty, and finally the whole Bianjing City was buried under the river bed. However, the towering iron tower and Panyang Lake are faintly visible, both of which were copied by Zhao Fan and his son in Zhaojiabao.
In the layout of the whole city, Zhaojiabao is a deliberate imitation of the old capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Historically, Bianjing City has triple outer city, inner city and inner city, and Zhaojiabao also has triple outer city, inner city and Wanbilou, which is the only one of many ancient castles left over from southern Fujian.
In the southeast of Zhaojiabao City, there is a three-story building surrounded by all sides. It is the most defensive fortress of Zhaojiabao as a military building and the most important part of Zhaojiabao's early architecture. Its name is "Wan Bilou". The building is square in plane, with a side length of 80 meters and a height of 13.6 meters. Belonging to a square earth building with an inner corridor, it is actually the early form of the earth building in southern Fujian.
At the bottom of the fortress are criss-crossing stones with a thickness of about 1.5 meters. The second and third floors are compacted with concrete, and the walls are very strong. The four walls of the building have wedge-shaped windows, which can observe the enemy's situation and project outward. This design can minimize the casualties of defenders. There is also a back channel near the courtyard in the middle of the building, which is used for drainage at ordinary times and can sneak out of the city through the back channel in wartime. There is a secret room on the second floor for the owner of Loubao to store important things or carry out secret activities. On the third floor, there is a big roommate without a partition wall, for the male able-bodied men at home to stand guard and stay in groups at night to deal with emergencies.
There are five parallel and opposite two-story buildings in the front of the main fort, and two groups of bungalows are built on both sides, forming a group of four-in-one courtyards, which makes Wanbi Building a multi-enclosed space and strengthens the security defense capability.
"Perfect wall" reminds people of "returning to Zhao", which shows the knowledge of the builders and their yearning for the glory of their ancestors. Now, the descendants of the Zhao and Song royal families can only see the sufferings and hardships of their ancestors.
Today, there is still a complete stone tablet near the south gate of Zhaojiabao, with the word "Mo Chi" written on it. The original character was written by Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. The monument is 1.5 meters high and 0.68 meters wide, with a monument inscribed by Zhao Yi at the head. The tablet is written in running script, and the word "ink" is rigorous, while the word "pool" is expressed in running script, which enriches the composition of the work.
It is said that the original inscription was left by Mi Fei when he was the prefect of Wuwei, and Zhao Fan also held this position after he became an official. After rubbing saw Mo Chi's inscription, he took it back to Zhaojiabao and carved it again, standing in front of the study to motivate himself.
Zhao Fan's diligence also inspired later generations of Zhao. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, his son Zhao Yi was awarded by the imperial court for his meritorious service, so he returned to his hometown and began the construction of the largest Zhaojiabao.
Today, in Zhaojiabao, no matter from the structure of architectural pattern, the collocation of garden landscape or the exquisite design in the castle, we can feel the traces of Bianjing in the past. In front of the castle is the lotus pond inside and outside. The pond built in front of the ancestral hall of the mansion is often used in traditional buildings in China, but it is unique to build two ponds at the same time. According to historical records, there are indeed two great lakes on both sides of the central axis of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. According to folklore, these two lakes are clear and muddy. Yang Jiajiang's mansion is on the clear side and Pan Renmei's mansion is on the muddy side, so it is also called Panyang Lake.
The famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the prosperity of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, among which the arched Qiao Zhou is a great sight of this metropolis. When Zhaojiabao was built, Zhao Yi set up a bridge in the lotus pond. Half of the bridge was a single-hole arch, named "Side Row Bridge". The arrangement of arch bridge makes up for the shortage of flat bridge in the garden, conforms to the gardening rule that bridges are dangerous, and makes up for the shortage of water space. This side bridge points out that the descendants of Zhao Jiabao originated in Bianjing, the capital city, to remind future generations not to forget their ancestors.
In the setting of individual buildings, Zhaojiabao is also obviously modeled after Bianjing. There is a Paulita next to the Buddhist temple on the west side of the mansion, which is 5.95 meters high, which is just one tenth of the height of the Song Tower on the west side of Bianjing. It has the characteristics of thin tower, which seems to show the close relationship between the owner and the royal family in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In front of Zhaojiabao Mansion, there are also five groups of pole-clamping stones. These pole-clamping stones are used to erect various flags during grand celebrations and are representative buildings of ancient family status and reputation. There is also the stone on the horse, the stone manger in front of the door, and the stone water tank used to hold water and prevent fire, all of which show the glory and glory of this family.
The specifications of Zhaojiabao Mansion are also different from other mansions. The mansion here has two halls connected by walls. In fact, the front entrance hall is also a kind of wall, which can be used for the concierge and servants to live and be on duty. The second door is the main entrance. This architectural form shows the style of the official residence. Yunlong Cai Feng is also engraved on the cornice of the main hall. In feudal times, only the royal family could use the dragon and the wind at the same time, but in the building of Zhaojiabao, the decoration of the dragon and the wind appeared at the same time, showing the tolerance of the Ming emperor. The descendants of the Zhao and Song royal families showed off their noble origins and yearned for the imperial industry of their ancestors.
This small castle in southern Fujian has preserved an extinct royal descendant for hundreds of years, which is also very rare in the world. As a special family, the builders of Zhaojiabao used the construction of the castle as a carrier to vent their royal complex and show off and admire their ancestors' imperial industry as much as possible. Of course, it also reveals helplessness and regret for the decline of a generation of dynasties.
Time has taken away the prosperity of the past and the noise of the soul. After more than 700 years of wind and rain baptism, everything gradually became dull. Today, there are still more than 700 residents living in Zhaojiabao, all of whom are descendants of Zhao Ruohe, the king of Minchong County. Most of these descendants of the royal family live in simple living where the sun rises and the sun sets. For them, it is too far away to have the great achievements of their ancestors. What they need is to let go of the aura of nothingness and recreate the glory of tomorrow.