There are a large number of historical celebrities who still have an important influence on China culture in Shandong history. Confucianism, founded by Confucius, a great thinker, educator and politician, has become the pillar of China culture and has exerted great influence in the world. Sun Tzu, a famous ancient strategist, is still a classic admired by Chinese and foreign military and business circles. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China (770 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC), Lu and Qi were famous.
Shandong is known as "the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, the state of etiquette". Shandong people have the traditional virtues of hard work, simplicity, loyalty and trustworthiness, and are not afraid of difficulties, unwilling to lag behind, hardworking and diligent, which is praised by the world.
Shandong province has a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers and rich tourism resources. Mount Tai, known as the "God of Five Mountains", and the Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest in Qufu, Confucius' hometown, have been listed as world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Shandong tourism combines beautiful natural landscape, rich history and culture with distinctive local characteristics, forming its own unique style. At present, there are more than 500 tourist attractions in the province, basically forming its own "landscape sage" tourist area extending from Jinan, Tai 'an and Qufu to Zoucheng. A seaside scenic tourist area integrating Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai; A folk tourist area with Weifang as the center and kites, Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures and folk customs as the main body; Qi cultural tourist area with Zibo Qi ancient city, Liemakeng and Pu Songling's former residence as the main body; Dongying Yellow River Estuary Tourist Area is dominated by the wonders and original natural features of the Yellow River entering the sea. Take the water margin story as the main line; The tourist route of Water Margin with Liangshan and Yanggu as the focus.
In recent years, Shandong's tourism reception capacity has been significantly enhanced, and the reception service system has been increasingly improved. There are 142 star-rated hotels and 2 15 travel agencies in the province. In 2000, it received more than 723,000 overseas tourists and 70.069 million domestic tourists.
Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is called Quancheng because of its abundant springs. Shandong is rich in tourism resources, including Penglai Xiange, Dongyue Taishan and Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.
historical and cultural cities
Jinan was Lixia City during the Warring States Period. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has been ruled by three levels: state, government and county. There are four scenic springs in the urban area, namely Daming Lake, Baotu Spring, Black Tiger Spring, Pearl Spring and Wulongtan, which flow in alleys and houses, forming a unique spring city style. Cultural relics include the Longshan Cultural Site in Chengziya, the Guoshi Temple in Xiaotangshan in Han Dynasty, the Simen Pagoda in Sui Dynasty, and the Dragon and Tiger Pagoda in Tang Dynasty.
Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Province. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a floating mountain was set up to defend thousands of families. After the Opium War, the yamen of Jiangjun Town was set up. After 1897, it was occupied by German, Japanese and American powers. There are many European and Japanese buildings, such as former magistrate's office, official residence and former police station.
Qufu is located in the south of central Shandong Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the capital of Lu State, located in Lu County in Qin Dynasty, and changed to Qufu in Sui Dynasty. There are Confucius' hometown, Confucius Temple, Konglin and the ruins of the ancient city of Lu.
Liaocheng is located in the west of Shandong Province. It was a city of Qi in ancient times. Tucheng was built in Xining, Song Dynasty, and Dongchang was ruled by Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Guangyue Building in the city center and the Shanshan Guild Hall in the city are the national key cultural relics protection units. There are 13-class iron towers built in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as cultural relics such as the Canal Pier, Fu's Ancestral Hall and Fan Zhuxian Memorial Hall.
Linzi is located in the middle of Shandong Province. In 1 1 century BC, Jiang Taigong established Qi State in Qi State and ruled Yingqiu. Later renamed Linzi, it was the capital of Qi in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Western Jin Dynasty, it was ruled by states, counties and counties. The ancient city of Qi and the tomb of the Apocalypse are the national key cultural relics protection units. And the graves of the Woods.
Zoucheng, located in the south of Shandong Province, is the hometown of Mencius. The original site of Qin Dynasty was in Lixian County, and it was moved to this site during Tianbao period of Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed from Li to Zou. The cliff carvings of Mengmiao, Mengfu, Tieshan and Gangshan are the national key cultural relics protection units. There are ancient buildings Fuxing Tower, traditional streets Yasheng Temple Street and Yedian Ruins, Guo Gucheng and Meng.
National key cultural relics protection units:
Dezhou City, Sulu King's Tomb, Ming Dynasty
Tombstone Temple in Guo Shan, Feicheng County, Tang Xiao, Eastern Han Dynasty
Statues of Thousand Buddha Cliffs in Licheng District, Jinan City (including Dragon and Tiger Pagoda and Jiuding Pagoda)
Chongjue Temple Tower in Jining City in Northern Song Dynasty
Stone Carvings of Wu Tomb in Jiaxiang, Jining, Eastern Han Dynasty
Simen Pagoda in Licheng County, Eastern Wei Dynasty
Liaocheng, Guangyue Building, Ming
Liaocheng City, Liaocheng Shanshan Guild Hall, Qing Dynasty
Moushi Manor in Qixia County, from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China
Tuoshan Grottoes in Qingzhou City from Northern Zhou Dynasty to Tang Dynasty
Qufu, Kong Lin, Dongzhou
Qufu, Qufu Confucius Temple and Confucius House, Jin Zhiqing
Qufu, ancient city Qufu Road, Zhouzhi Han
Tai 'an City, Dai Temple, Song to Qing Dynasty
Feng Yuxiang's Tomb, Tai 'an, 1953.
Tengxian, Xuecheng Site of Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Liu Gongdao Weihai Sino-Japanese War Memorial Hall, 1888- 1895.
Weifang City, Shikuan Garden, Ming to Qing.
Cliff Stone Carvings of Ye County in Northern Wei Dynasty, Yunfeng Mountain in Pingdu County and Tianzhu Mountain
Yidu County, Linzi, Qi and Zhou Gucheng
Chengziya Site in Zhangqiu County, Neolithic Age
Zibo, Tomb of the Apocalypse of the Warring States Period.
Zouxian, Mengmiao and Mengfu from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty
2. Shun Di, an ancient historical and cultural celebrity in Shandong, was born in Zhucheng, Jiang Shang, the ancestor of Qi State in Zhou Dynasty, a strategist and politician.
Jiang's surname is Lu, and his fame is outstanding. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was called "Jiang Taigong" because it helped King Wu destroy the business.
Sun Tzu's Art of War "Six Towers" is said to be his work. Guan zhong (? ~ 645 years ago) His name is Yiwu, and there is a word in the middle, Ying Shang Ren (Shore).
Politicians in the early Spring and Autumn Period helped Qi Huangong become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Today's Biography of Guanzi is a work that later generations rely on.
Sima Yi was a doctor and strategist of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Tian, his name is Mao.
This lawsuit Ma, who knows the art of war, once repelled the Jin Yan army. During the Warring States Period, Qi Weiwang sorted out Sima Yi's ancient art of war and attached his own art of war to it, which was called Sima Yi's Art of War.
Yan Ying (? ~ Before 550) was born in Zhong Ping, Yiwei (now Gaomi, Shandong). Politicians and thinkers in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The book Yanzi Chunqiu handed down from ancient times was compiled by people who collected his words and deeds during the Warring States Period. Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC) was named Zhong Ni.
Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. Thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
He was honored as "the most holy teacher" by later rulers. Yan Zi (52 BC1~ 490) was a native of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and was the most admired disciple of Confucius.
Reputation, deep words, outstanding personality. Confucius died young and was deeply saddened.
Later, it was honored by feudal rulers as "the restoration of saints". Sun Wuzi is Changqing.
Qi people Military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
His The Art of War is an excellent art book in China. Zuo Qiuming, a native of China.
Historians in the late Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, Zuo Zhuan was written and Mandarin was also published.
Ceng Zi (505-432 BC) was a famous ginseng scientist in Yu Zi and a disciple of Confucius. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu, a native of Nanwucheng, was honored as a "holy man" by later rulers.
Legend has it that there are "filial piety" and "university". Luban lost his last name, but he was famous and had a last name. It was also a class and a plate. He was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.
China is a famous architectural craftsman in ancient times, and later generations of architectural craftsmen and carpenters are honored as "the founders of mountains". Mozi (about 468~ 376 BC) was named Zhai.
People in ancient small countries (now Tengzhou City). Thinker, politician and founder of Mohism during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
There are 53 existing Mozi. Wuqi (? ~ Qian381) is a Zuo family of Weiguo (now Dingtaoxi, Shandong).
Military strategist in the Warring States period. There are six Woods.
Sun Bin (about 380~ 320 years ago) was a native of Qi. Descendants of Sun Wu.
Military strategist in the Warring States period. His works include Sun Bin's The Art of War.
The surname is Qin and the name is Yue. Qi was born in Bohai Lu (now Changqing, Shandong Province).
Doctors in the Warring States Period. Mencius (about 372~ 289 BC) was named Yu Zi.
Zou (now Zoucheng, Shandong Province) was born. Thinkers, politicians and educators in the Warring States period.
His works include Mencius. He was honored as a "saint" by later rulers.
Zhuangzi (about 369~ 286 BC) was born in the Song Dynasty. A famous thinker, writer and representative of Taoism.
Zhuangzi has been handed down from generation to generation. The name of Xunzi (about 3 13~ 230).
Zhao Guoren lived in Shandong all his life, and now there is Xunzi Mausoleum in the southeast of Cangshan Lanling Town. Thinker and educator in the Warring States period.
He is the author of Xunzi. Cang Gong (about 205~? ) surname, name meaning, Qi Linzi people.
Physicians in the early Han Dynasty were the first to recommend medical records. Xishui (now Cao County) was a Xisheng person.
Western Han agronomist. He wrote an agricultural book, The Book of Ascension.
Zheng Xuan (127~200) is Kang Cheng. Beihai Gaomi (now Shandong) people.
He is a master of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty. Wang Bi (226~249) was born in Gaoping, Yang Shan (now Zoucheng, Shandong).
Metaphysics scholars in the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Jin Dynasties are good at talking about Confucianism and Taoism, and they can avoid arguing after speaking, which has opened the wind of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. His works include Notes on Zhouyi, Brief Examples of Zhouyi, Notes on Laozi and Notes on Laozi, which have great influence on China's classical philosophy.
Mingxi, Wang Shuhe, was born in Gaoping (now Zoucheng, Shandong). Wei and Jin physicians.
Pulse meridian 10 volume. Zhuge Liang (18 1~234) is Kongming.
Langya Yang Du (now Yinan) was born. Shu and Han politicians and military strategists.
His works include Zhuge Liang Collection. Wang Xizhi (303~36 1) was born in Linyi.
A great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, known as the "Book Sage". The original is missing.
Wang Xianzhi (344~386) was an amethyst. Originally from Linyi, Langya (now Shandong).
The seventh son of Wang Xizhi. Calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with a running book "Duck Head Pill Sticks" and a block-printed edition of "Thirteen Lines".
Liu Xie (about 465~ 532) was born in Juxian County, Dongguan (now Shandong Province). Liang literary critic in the Southern Dynasties.
He is the author of fifty articles "Wen Xin Diao Long". Yidu, Jia Sixie (today Shouguang).
Northern Wei agronomist. He is the author of the agricultural masterpiece Qi Yao Min Shu.
Ada (7 18~780) was born in Nanhua, Cao Zhou (now Dongming, Shandong). Tang wealth manager.
Yan Zhenqing (709~785) was a courtier. His ancestral home is Langya Linyi (now Linyi City).
Minister Tang and a famous calligrapher. There are many famous works handed down from ancient times, such as the monument to many pagodas, the monument to the Yan family temple, and the manuscript for the sacrifice of nephews.
Li Qingzhao (about1084 ~1151) was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong). Southern Song poetess.
Yi 'an Jushi Ji and Yi 'an Ci have been lost. Later generations compiled Yu Shuci.
Modern people have Li Qingzhao's collection. Xin Qiji (1 140~ 1207) was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong).
Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. He is the author of Jia.
Wang Zhen was born in Dongping, Shandong. An agronomist and an improver of letterpress printing in Yuan Dynasty.
There is an agricultural book handed down from generation to generation, which is one of the four major agricultural books in ancient China. Qi Jiguang (1528~ 1588), born in Dengzhou (now Penglai), Shandong Province, was originally named Nantang and later named Zhu Meng.
Anti-Japanese generals and military strategists in Ming Dynasty. He is the author of Ji Xiao's new books "Practical Principles of Training" and "Zhi Zhi Tangi".
Wang Shizhen (1634 ~1711) was born in Ruanting, Yuyang Mountain, Shandong New Town (now Huantai). After his death, he avoided the taboo of Yongzheng and changed his name to Zheng Shi and Shizhen.
Poets in Qing Dynasty created charm with poems, with many students and far-reaching influence. His works include Classic Classroom Collection and so on. , his poems were selected into the Records of the Tales of People in Yuyang Mountain, with various annotations such as Juyi Record and Ikebukuro.
Pu Songling (1640~ 17 15) is a native of Zichuan, Shandong Province, also known as Liu Quan lay man. Qing dynasty writers.
He is the author of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Kong (1648~ 17 18) was hired by Ji Zhong, a native of Dongtang, Antang and Yuntingshan, and a native of Qufu, Shandong.
Qing playwrights, such as peach blossom fans. Wang (1845~ 1900) is a native of Guxian Village, Fushan District, Yantai City.
When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China.
3. A list of ancient Shandong historical and cultural celebrities "Book Sage", a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi.
Guan Zi, a famous economist in Qi State. In Shandong history, there are also representatives of Confucianism, Mencius and Ceng Zi.
Jia Sixie, an ancient agronomist, is famous for The Book of Qi Yao Min. Sun Bin, an ancient military scientist famous for Sun Bin's Art of War.
Zhuge Liang was a famous figure in the Three Kingdoms period, and was revered by the people of China as the embodiment of wisdom. Liu Xie is a literary theorist who is famous for Wen Xin Diao Long.
Xin Qiji is a famous representative of the unrestrained poets in Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao, a graceful lyricist, is a representative of famous writers in Qing Dynasty.
Pu Songling is the author of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Yan Zhenqing was a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty.
Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in Song Dynasty, is the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Gander was a famous astronomer in the Warring States Period.
He and Shi Shen, a poet of the Song Dynasty, jointly wrote The Classic of Shigan Stars, which contains the earliest sunspot records in the world. Fan Sheng Zhi, an ancient scientist.
Single father, according to legend, shàn volume was an influential political leader and clan leader among Dongyi people living in Heze in the late ancient times.
4. What are the famous historical masterpieces in Shandong? First, Penglai Pavilion in Yantai is known as a fairyland on earth. It is said that Penglai, Yingzhou and abbot are the places where the three immortals in the sea live. It is said that the Eight Immortals, Lv Dongbin, Tie Guai Li, Zhang, Han Zhongli, Cao Guojiu, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe and Han Xiangzi, all got drunk in Penglai Pavilion and took their own treasures-Ling Bo.
Second, the three holes in Qufu The Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest in Qufu, Jining, are collectively referred to as the "three holes". It symbolizes China's memory of Confucius and his admiration for Confucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural accumulation, long history, grand scale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific and artistic value.
In addition, in the history of literature, there are also "three holes". 3. In the history of Tai 'an, there are many poems praising Mount Tai, such as The Autumn Lingge by Confucius, The Closed Sutra by Sima Xiangru, The Flying Dragon by Cao Zhi, The Ode to Mount Tai by Li Bai, and Looking at Yue by Du Fu, which have become China's masterpieces praising Mount Tai. The murals of the Song Dynasty in Tian Li Hall and the painted Luohan statues in Lingyan Temple are rare treasures. Four, Jinan Qianfo Mountain, because of the ancient history Dashun plowed in Lishan, so it is also called Shunshan and Shungeng Mountain.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Weishan Lake Weishan Lake is a famous memorial site of modern revolutionary struggle. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, revolutionary armed forces such as "Weihu Brigade", "Canal Detachment" and "Flying Tigers" based on Weishan Lake were active on the Jin-Pu railway line, creating many heroic achievements.
Six, Daming Lake Daming Lake has emerged many historical celebrities, and it is also the source of inspiration for many writers, such as Qiong Yao's novel "Princess Huanzhu". People who have lived in Jinan for a long time almost know that Daming Lake has "four eccentrics"-frogs don't croak, snakes are hard to find, drought persists, and rain doesn't rise for a long time.
In addition to these famous scenic spots, Shandong also has Canal Ancient City, Jining Zoucheng, Sanmeng, Binzhou Huimin Sunzi Art City, Wetland Honglian Tourist Area, Qingdao Laoshan, Rizhao Wulian Mountain, Rizhao Zhudongtian and Yishui Underground Grand Canyon.
5. What are the famous historical cities in Shandong? Shandong Historical and Cultural City Release Date: 2008-0 1-23 Visits: 380 Introduction to National Historical and Cultural City Qufu is located in the south of central Shandong Province.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the capital of Lu, and the Qin Dynasty set up Lu County, and the Sui Dynasty changed to Qufu. There are Confucius' hometown, Confucius House, Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and the ruins of the ancient city of Lu.
Jinan was Lixia City during the Warring States Period. It was ruled by the state, government and county from the Jin Dynasty, and was the capital of Shandong Province after the Ming Dynasty. There are beautiful Daming Lake, Baotu Spring, Black Tiger Spring, Pearl Spring and Wulongtan Spring in the urban area. Spring water flows in alleys and houses, forming a unique spring city style.
Cultural relics and historical sites include the Longshan Cultural Site in Chengziya, the Guoshi Temple in the Han Dynasty in Xiaotangshan, the Simen Pagoda in the Sui Dynasty, the Dragon and Tiger Pagoda, the Jiuding Pagoda, the Lingyan Temple in the Tang Dynasty, the Statue in the Song Dynasty, and the Cliff of Huangshi in Qianfo Mountain. Qingdao is located in the south of Shandong Peninsula.
In the mid-Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent Japanese invasion, Fushan Mountain was set up to defend thousands of families. After the Opium War, the yamen of Jiangjun Town was set up.
After 1897, it was successively occupied by German and Japanese powers. There are a large number of European-style and Japanese-style buildings, such as the former magistrate's office, official residence and former police station.
Liaocheng is located in the west of Shandong Province. In ancient times, it was a city of Qi.
Tucheng was built in Xining, Song Dynasty, and Dongchang was an important canal commercial port in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Guangyue Building in the city center and Shanshan Guild Hall in the city are national key cultural relics protection units.
There are 13-class iron towers built in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as cultural relics such as Canal Pier, Fu's Ancestral Hall, Haiyuan Pavilion and Fan Zhuxian Memorial Hall. Zoucheng, located in the south of Shandong Province, is the hometown of Mencius.
Lixian County was established in Qin Dynasty, and moved to this site in Tianbao years of Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Li changed to Zou. The cliff carvings in Mengmiao, Mengfu, Tieshan and Gangshan are the national key cultural relics protection units.
There are ancient buildings, Fuxing Pagoda, traditional streets, Yasheng Temple Street and Yedian Site, Guo Gucheng, Menglin, Geshan Cliff Stone Carvings and other cultural relics. Linzi is located in the middle of Shandong Province.
The Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the capital of Qi, and after the Western Jin Dynasty, it was ruled by states, counties and counties. The ancient city of Qi and the Seven Tombs of Hotan are national key cultural relics protection units.
There are also ancient sites and tombs such as Linzi Tomb and Tonglin Tianwang Site. Introduction to provincial famous historical and cultural cities, famous cities and famous cities Taian is located in the middle of Shandong, and Taishan occupies the territory.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed Mount Tai in the east, and set Gao Feng County as the palace for the emperor to worship Mount Tai. In the fifth year of Song Kaibao, the county site and Zen center moved to Daiyue Town.
Jin set up Tai 'an Army and Qing set up Tai 'an House. Mount Tai is the center of Zen worship of emperors in past dynasties. Up to now, more than 30 ancient buildings and a large number of stone carvings in different periods have been preserved and listed as world natural and cultural heritage.
In addition, there are Dai Temple, Temple, Temple, Stone Valley, Cliff at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Dawenkou Cultural Site and other cultural relics. Revolutionary cultural relics include Culai Mountain Uprising Site and Feng Yuxiang's Tomb.
Jining is located in the southwest of Shandong Province with a long history. The Xia Dynasty established Renguo, and Qin Shihuang established Rencheng County until the Song Dynasty. It was promoted to Jining House in Yuan Dynasty and Zhili House in Qing Dynasty.
Since the Grand Canal was dug in Yuan Dynasty, Jining's economy and culture have developed rapidly. There are many existing places of interest, such as Chongjue Temple, Northern Song Iron Tower, Han Monument Group, temples and so on. "rock fat" ⑾ ⑾? Tombs and commercial streets, bamboo poles and alleys built in Ming and Qing Dynasties. , as well as Dongda Temple and Taibai Building.
Qingzhou, located in the middle of Shandong Peninsula, is one of the ancient Kyushu. Since the establishment of Qingzhou Secretariat by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it has been a first-class local * * * and a first-class military station for nearly 1500 years after the Sui, Tang, Northern Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was still a local secondary residence. In the eighth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, Manchu soldiers stationed in the Acropolis.
In the Republic of China, Yidu County was established. Qingzhou is rich in historical sites and precious cultural relics, including the Sui and Tang grottoes statues in Yunmen Mountain, Sheshan and Tianyang Mountain, the calligraphy and stone carvings of the Northern Dynasties in Linglong Mountain, the Fan Gong Pavilion in memory of Fan Zhongyan, the Zhenjiao Temple, the Hengwang Stone Archway in Ming Dynasty and the private garden in Feng Pu.
In addition, there are Wang Jinmei, the founder of * * * *, Shandong No.4 Normal School where Deng Enming spread Marxism, 1948 East China Bureau, and the office building of * * *. Zibo, located in the middle of Shandong Province, is a heavy industry cluster city.
Zibo has a long history. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Linzi, as the capital of Qi, was one of the largest cities in the world at that time. Qin set Qi County, and Han set Linzi County.
Zhangdian was Guo Chang City in the Warring States Period, and Guo Chang County was established from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. Ziyang County was established in Zichuan in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zichuan was changed in Sui Dynasty. Zhoucun belonged to the supernatural in the Warring States Period, and Lingxian County was established in the Western Han Dynasty.
There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Zibo, and the ancient city of Qi is famous at home and abroad. Up to now, the ancient city walls, drains and other relics still exist, as well as the apocalypse tomb, the Qi Jinggong tomb, the sacrificial pit and many tombs. Zichuan has the former residence of Pu Songling, a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty, the city walls and gates in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Pujiazhuang, which maintains the rural architectural style and local folk customs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are commercial buildings in Zhoucun, and the main street, Xinshi Street and Yinzishi Street were built in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Boshan has the ruins of Qi Great Wall, Yan Wenjiang Temple, Sui and Tang Dynasties ancient porcelain kiln sites and residential buildings with the characteristics of northern mountain cities. Penglai is located in the northernmost part of Shandong Peninsula. Penglai Town was established in the eighth year of Tang Zhenguan, and Penglai County was promoted in the third year of Tang Shenlong. Since then, the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties have been ruled by the state.
Existing cultural relics include Penglai Watertown and Penglai Pavilion. Shuicheng was a coastal defense fortress in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was once guarded by Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese. Penglai Pavilion is known as "fairyland on earth" because of its magnificent architecture and frequent mirage on the sea.
In addition, there are Qi Jiguang Ancestral Temple, Qi Paifang, Shangshuimen and other historical sites. Penglai Street and Shenxiang still have the old city features, and the houses are full of local characteristics.
Weifang is located in the middle of Shandong Peninsula and is the kite capital of the world. The city has a long history, including Beihai County, Beihai County and Shou Ping County in Han and Tang Dynasties, Weizhou in Song Dynasty and wei county in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Existing cultural relics include Wanyuan Garden, Han City Wall, Guanhou Temple, City God Temple, Yuqing Palace, Guanyin Pavilion, Shi Fo Temple, Chen Jieqi's former residence, Song Yuan Street traditional houses and so on. Many traditional handicrafts have high attainments, such as kites, woodblock New Year pictures, inlaid silver, nuclear carvings, antique copper, cloth toys, paper-cutting and embroidery.
Linyi is located in the southeast of Shandong Province, and Yu Xia belongs to Xuzhou. The Zhou Dynasty changed to Qingzhou, and Qin belonged to Yong County. The Eastern Han Dynasty belongs to Xuzhou Langya State, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty belongs to Yizhou, namely Qiuxian County. The Sui Dynasty merged Qiu County into Linyi County. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, it was promoted to Yizhou County and established Blue Mountain County. In the second year of the Republic of China, Yizhou Prefecture was revoked, and Lanshan County was changed to Linyi County. Existing cultural relics include: Yinqueshan Han Tomb, one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Huadong Column, a national cultural relics protection unit.
6. Excellent historical buildings are divided into five types, and see which representative buildings are there. Many buildings in the ancient city of Quanzhou have distinctive features. It has beautiful shape, red bricks and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, and rich local characteristics.
The color of buildings along the street is mainly brick red, with a strong contrast between red and white. Let people feel a warm and lively emotional color. Every street, even every section of every street, is full of antique but unique "foreign flavor" architecture while retaining the Minnan architectural style of red tile roof, red brick wall and granite edge, rock ridge cornices and arcade pillars.
These buildings are very similar to the red brick buildings originated in ancient Rome in Europe and the architectural decoration in West Asia. Since ancient times, brick walls of traditional buildings in China are all made of gray bricks, and so are houses in inland provinces. Only southern Fujian uses red bricks to build houses, and red brick houses are a major feature of Fujian folk houses. The architectural features of China folk houses can be divided into "red brick area" and "gray brick area". Quanzhou is the cultural center of "Red Brick District" in China.
In feudal society, the color of architecture is also exquisite. Since the Tang Dynasty, red and yellow have been the special colors of royal temples. Cyan, cyan and blue are used by eunuchs at all levels; Ordinary houses can only use black and white ash. Therefore, no matter whether you walk through Pingyao, Huizhou, or remote Xiangxi and Dali, in those houses with exquisite materials, what you see is an honest color system-white walls, tiles or gray walls, gray tiles, doors and windows are rarely painted, and they are mainly wood colors.
Even the famous Zhouzhuang is a "white wall with black tiles". When you arrive in Quanzhou, the first thing you see is the endless wall with the theme of red brick: white wall base, white window frame on the red wall and red and white mosaic pattern, which makes the external wall of ancient houses have a strong artistic effect. Quanzhou called this masonry method "brick out of stone".
There are different opinions about the origin of Quanzhou red brick culture. Quanzhou people always compare their home with the palace, and Quanzhou's architecture is also called "palace-style residence". There is even a beautiful legend. Huang Huigu, a beautiful woman in Quanzhou, was chosen as the queen by the king of Fujian and moved to Fuzhou Palace. However, whenever it rains and winds, the queen can't eat or sleep at night. Min Wang was puzzled, and Huang Huang explained: Because her house was too humble to withstand the damage of typhoon and rainstorm, she was very worried. After hearing this, Min Wang immediately sent a letter to Huang, saying, "Your mother should start from the palace.".
The original intention is that the queen's family can build houses according to the pattern of the palace. However, in Quanzhou dialect, the pronunciation of "your mother" and "your home" is the same, which makes the scope of "gifts from the palace" expand from Huang Huang's maiden to Quanzhou's home. As soon as the Quanzhou government took back the imperial edict, coastal counties were moved by the wind and built houses in imitation of the palace style. When Fujian Wang knew about it, he quickly ordered to stop work, but most of the houses had been built. Only some "palaces" built in rural areas are relatively late, and the tiles on the roof are arranged in three rows, but at least they look like palaces. So "Gongcuo" has been handed down, and even the custom of laying only three rows of tiles on the roof in some places has been preserved to this day.
Legend belongs to legend, but the answer given by experts and scholars is that traditional folk houses are an important carrier and evidence of local history and culture. Looking back at the history of Quanzhou, during the Tang and Song Dynasties when the feudal system gradually matured, Quanzhou had risen to be "the largest port in the East" and "the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road". Thousands of businessmen from all over the world poured into Quanzhou, bringing with them western goods and natural western architectural styles. Red brick collage, once popular in ancient Rome, also took the opportunity to land in Quanzhou.
Some scholars believe that red bricks were introduced from ancient India. After all, cultural elements of ancient Rome, Persia and India can be seen everywhere in the architectural relics of Quanzhou. The long history and rich cultural accumulation of maritime traffic and trade have formed Quanzhou's unique local culture, unique urban style and local architectural style. Quanzhou is a typical multicultural historical city.
Secondly, Quanzhou belongs to fire and red according to the Taoist theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Quanzhou lies in the south of China. People in Quanzhou like red very much. Red represents happiness, auspiciousness and prosperity, which can drive away evil spirits. According to the Five Elements Theory of Taoism, "Red is the color of blazing fire, which lives in the south and symbolizes happiness", so Quanzhou's "red" is related to China's Five Elements Theory.
This hue caters to Quanzhou people's aesthetic psychology of advocating happiness and auspiciousness and strong Confucian color, and also conveys the warm mood and interest of Quanzhou traditional architecture, giving people a brilliant, warm and prosperous aesthetic feeling.
7. Introduction of Historical Celebrities in Shandong Province There are many celebrities in the history of Shandong Province.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were: Yan Ying, a doctor of the State of Qi; Confucius, thinker, politician, educator, founder of Confucianism; His student Ceng Zi; Military strategist Sun Wu;
Warring States period: famous doctor Bian Que; Philosopher Zisi; Mo Zhai, thinker, politician and founder of Mohism: Lu Ban, a builder; Qiu Yi, a famous Weiqi player; Military strategist Sun Bin; Mencius, thinker, politician and educator; Thinker _ Liang Chi;
There were: Chunyu Kun, a medical scientist, and Ti Ying, whose daughter abolished corporal punishment; Hydraulic home _ wide The earliest master student of Shangshu in the Western Han Dynasty; Writer Dong Fangshuo; Confucian scholar Kuang Heng; Writer Wei Xuancheng; Agronomist Yan Shengzhi; Writer Kong Rong; Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan; Philosopher Zhong Changtong; Writer RoyceWong; Writer Liu Zhen; Astronomer Liu Hong; ;
During the Three Kingdoms period, there were: Zhuge Liang, a politician and strategist; Confucian classics, exegetics, Zheng Xuan * * * Sun Yan;
Jin Dynasty includes: mathematician Zhang Qiujian; Writer yang hu; Metaphysical scholar Wang Bi; Writer Zuo Si; Calligrapher Wang Xizhi;
Southern and Northern Dynasties: He Chengtian, an atheist thinker and astronomer; Poet Yan Yanzhi; Writer Bao Zhao; Liu Xie, critic of literary theory; Writer Wen Zisheng; Writer Wang Ji; Thinker and educator Yan Zhitui; Famous doctor Xu Shuxiang; Medical scientist Wang Shuhe; History has Cui Hong; Agronomist Jia Sixie;
In the Sui Dynasty, there were: painter Zhan Ziqian;
In the Tang Dynasty, there were: astronomer Cui Shanwei; Poet Chu Guangxi; Writer's paragraph;
In the Song Dynasty, there were: scholar Hu Dan; Writer Yu Wang _; Scholar and writer Shi Jie; Medical scientist Qian Yi; Writer Chao; The medical family is unscrupulous; Female poetess Li Qingzhao; Xin Qiji, an anti-Jin hero and famous patriotic poet;
The Jin Dynasty has: Zhang Xingjian, a calendar mathematician; Wang Juqing, a water conservationist; Go player Liu Zhongfu; Wang Bizhi, an expert in ancient bridge construction; Painter Zhang Zeduan; Inscriptor Zhao Mingcheng; Painter Kai Liang; Qiu Chuji, one of the seven truths of Taoism Quanzhen Road; Kong Yuancuo, a historian at the end of Jin Dynasty; Party Huai Ying, historian and calligrapher of Jin Dynasty; Poets and scholars are thorough;
In the Yuan Dynasty: Du Fu, a famous poet and essayist; Historian and writer Wang Yun; Jia Lu, water conservancy engineer; Writer Yang Huan; Sanqu writer and writer Zhang; Sanqu composer Yang; Opera screenwriter Gao Wenxiu; Wang Zhen, an agronomist and an improver of letterpress printing; Opera writer Kang; Yu Qin, a historical geographer and writer; Dong Yangxing, the annotator of Four Books and Five Classics;
In the Ming dynasty, there were: mechanic Wang Zhao; Bai Ying, a folk water conservancy scientist; Writer Xie Zhen; Dramatist Li Kaixian; Feng Weimin, Sanqu composer; Li Panlong, a famous poet and writer; Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier and strategist; Painter Xing Dong; Scholar Jiao _; Yu, a writer and poet; Sanqu writer Liu Xiaozu; Famous doctor Bi Chenyi;
In the Qing dynasty, there were: writer and pharmacist Wang; China traditional opera writer and writer; Famous astronomer and mathematician Xue Fengzuo; Historian Fu Yijian; Economist Zhang Erqi; Poet Song Wan; Historian Ma; Writer Tian Wen; Poet Cao; Historian Zhang; Famous writer Pu Songling; Opera screenwriter Kong; Calligraphy and painter Pan Wuyun; Poet Zhao Zhixin; Painters and seal engravers are high; Medical scientist Huang Yuanyu; Calligrapher Liu Yong; Li Wenzao, a local historian; Scholar Kong; Confucian scholar Kong Ji _; Scholar Kong; Hao Yixing, economist and exegetist; Feng Qi, a famous folk Chinese medicine practitioner; Wang You, a philologist; Han Xu, a famous stele engraver, collator and calligrapher; Li Zuoxian, a literary collector and ancient numismatist; Inscriptor Chen Jieqi; Medical scientist Cai Yuxi; Educator Wu Xun; Famous epigraphy writer and discoverer of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Wang: artist Sun Zhongxin; Yang Yizeng, a bibliographer; Ma Guohan, a famous scholar and ancient book editor; Inscriptor Wu Shifen; Famous acupuncturist Yang Zuozhi; Ding Shoucun, an expert in weapons manufacturing; Famous doctor Zang Zhanying; Historian and calligrapher Wu Xunyuan.