Hu Shi (18911217-1962 February 24th), his real name is his master, his scientific name is Xijiang, and his pen name is Hu Shi. Famous thinker, writer and philosopher. ? Jixi people in Huizhou are famous for advocating "vernacular Chinese" and leading the new culture movement. When he was a child, he studied in a private school in his hometown. 19 years old, admitted to boxer indemnity as an official student, studied in the United States, and studied under the philosopher John? Dewey,1965438+returned to China in the summer of 2007 and was hired as Professor Peking University. He strongly advocated vernacular Chinese, advocated individual liberation and freedom of thought, and became the leader of the New Culture Movement together with Chen Duxiu. His vernacular poems published in 19 17 are the first batch of new poems in the history of modern literature. Hu Shi believes in pragmatic philosophy. After the May Fourth Movement, he parted ways with intellectuals who accepted Marxism, such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, and started with the "dispute between problems and ism" and advocated improvement, so that he never talked about politics for twenty years; No politics for 20 years. 1938 ~ 1942 served as the ambassador of the national government to the United States. 1939 was nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature. President Peking University from 1946 to 1948. 1949 Go to America. /kloc-returned to Taiwan in 0/952, and 1957 became the president of academia sinica. 1962 died in Taipei.

Hu Shi's academic activities in his life were mainly in literature, philosophy, history, textual research, education and redology. His main works are Outline of China's Philosophical History (I), Trial Collection, History of Vernacular Literature (I) and Hu Cun (four episodes). His greatest academic influence is to advocate the method of "bold hypothesis and careful verification".

1962 1 month, Hu Shi was discharged from National Taiwan University Hospital. On February 24th, he died of a heart attack at a reception held by nangang district Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan Province Province. Hu Shi expressed his condolences for his death. ? On March 1 day, Chiang Kai-shek went to pay homage and wrote a couplet: Mr. Shi Zhi is a model of new culture and old morality, old ethics and new ideas. ? Then Jiang wrote in the Diary of Hu Shizhi's Death that Hu Shi's sudden death of a heart attack really cleared an obstacle for the revolutionary cause. ?

Hu Shi studied under Dewey, an American "experimental" master, and his articles are often full of experimental spirit and very constructive.

Hu Shi emphasized that learning is a step-by-step process, and he himself advocated "bold assumptions and careful verification". The second half of this sentence, whether it is learning science, Chinese studies or the way of governing the country, requires more patience and more caution.

Seeking truth from facts is not talking about idealism by avoiding factual problems, nor is it abandoning realistic problems to rebuild society. It may be Hu Shi's experimentalism to have the spirit of seeking truth from facts, find problems in facts and improve reality.

Don't easily deny or affirm other people's views and opinions, and don't think that your own views are absolutely correct. Hu Shi's warning is to tolerate different voices, and the premise of freedom is tolerance, so that society will be truly free.

Hu Shi's liberalism is not only that people strive for their own personal freedom, freedom of speech and legal equality, but Hu Shi may pay more attention to the importance of tolerance for social freedom. A truly free society is an inclusive society. This society allows people with different political views to live together. This society can let people from different parties hold important positions. This society allows different voices and different political ideals. This society also allows you to be an atheist, and of course allows you to have religious beliefs. This society is full of free people because they are tolerant of each other.

Hu Shi believes that the law should be binding on everyone. If we need the rule of law, we need the universality of law.

"Nationalism has three aspects: the shallowest xenophobia, the second is to support the country's inherent culture, and the highest and most difficult thing is to strive for the establishment of a nation-state. Because the last step is the hardest, all nationalist movements are often the easiest to take the first two steps. After the Jinan Massacre and the September 18th Incident, the extremely loud xenophobia decreased slightly. However, shouts of support for the old culture became lively in all directions. It is easy to include the trend of old-fashioned driving backwards, so it is also unfortunate. "

Therefore, Hu Shi is not a narrow nationalist. He is thinking about China's position in the world, and China should embrace the world. ?

Hu Shi did not advocate the inaction of the eastern saints. Life lies in struggle, even if you are in a down-and-out predicament, you should have at least optimism and confidence in the future. One step at a time, you can be complacent and regard every progress as great hope, which is exactly Hu Shi's optimism about life.

He said: we must be persuaded; Today's failures are all due to past efforts.

It is the Outline of China's Philosophical History (Volume I) published by Hu Shi in February 19 19 that broke through the original conceptual standards, norms and general principles of China's traditional history and intellectual history for thousands of years for the first time and became a paradigm change. Even today, it is still affirmed by people.

19 17, 1 June, Hu Shi published "My humble opinion on literary improvement" in New Youth, and then Chen Duxiu held high the banner of "literary revolution", thus they became the leaders of literary revolution. Hu Shi was a pioneer and made great contributions in the literary revolution that advocated vernacular Chinese and opposed classical Chinese, and was known as "the father of China's cultural revolution". The literary revolution advocated by Hu Shi includes poetry, drama and novels.

Hu Shi pursued the realization of universal values such as democracy, rule of law, freedom and human rights in politics all his life. He opposed violent revolution and insisted on gradual reform. Hu Shi's contribution lies in "creating public opinion in modern China". He opened the space of public opinion, which is also a practice of his political ideal. He advocated freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of the press, etc., in order to win the people's legitimate right to criticize the ruling party and government. ?

Hu Shi is one of the most influential thinkers and scholars in China in the last century. Although his influence has negative elements, its main aspect is positive progress. This is because he advocated democracy, free thought and rationalism all his life. It is this kind of thinking that has helped many young people to establish an independent and free personality, form a way of thinking independently and respecting facts, and become people with democratic and scientific literacy. It can be said that Hu Shi contributed to the growth of democratic forces in China after the May 4th Movement. ?

Reviewing Hu Shi's main thoughts today can't help but make people admire him! ?