Henan has a long history and rich culture. As an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and civilization, Henan has been the political, economic and cultural center of the country for 3,000 years in the history of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. Henan history is the mainstream and concentrated history of China, which not only influences and promotes the development of China history, but also has important value today and even in the future.
Henan's historical position-supremacy.
The Central Plains region has long been at the center of the historical stage, which is the first good place in peacetime and the battleground for military strategists in wartime. Many historical facts have a symbolic and leading role in the development of Chinese civilization. Sima Guang said, "Ask ancient and modern times, please only look at Luoyang City" is a vivid portrayal.
Henan is located in Kyushu and is known as "Zhongzhou". Henan province spans the Huanghuai Plain in the middle of China, also known as the "Central Plains". Henan is called "Henan" because most areas are located in the south of the Yellow River. For thousands of years, the political security in this region has been related to the rise and fall of the world, the rise and fall of the economy has been related to the strength of the country, and the rise and fall of the culture has been related to the honor and disgrace of the nation, which has played an unparalleled role in the historical process of China.
The history of China originated from the fertile soil of the Central Plains formed by the Yellow River alluvial, advanced with the Central Plains as the guide, prospered with the prosperity of the Central Plains, and continued with the tenacity of the Central Plains. The development track of Central Plains civilization is the perfect embodiment of Chinese civilization, and the magnificent chapter of Henan history is the essence of China history.
First, the birthplace of the Chinese nation, where Chinese civilization began.
The Yellow River flows through Henan for more than 700 kilometers and is located in the middle and lower reaches. The superior geographical location and unique natural conditions make Henan an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization.
The Central Plains is one of the earliest areas where human beings appeared and developed in China. Archaeological findings prove that human beings appeared earlier in Henan. About 500 thousand years ago, there were "primitive groups" of human beings in Henan Province, among which "Nanzhao people" were early Homo erectus. Legends and stories show that humans first lived in Henan. "Pangu opens heaven and blood is Huai Du" originated from Henan. Fuxi Nuwa is regarded as the "ancestor of human roots" of the Chinese nation. Yan Di, the capital of Huaiyang, and Huangdi, who was born in Xinzheng, created a pluralistic and integrated national survival pattern and became the common ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Civilization is emerging here. The ancestors of the Chinese nation began to farm, build the capital, write characters and smelt copper and iron in the Central Plains, which opened the first scene of Chinese civilization. This country was originally formed here. Five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor established the "Bear Country" in Xinzheng, and the earliest prototype of the country appeared. In the 2nd/kloc-0th century BC, Qi made its capital in Yangcheng, Dengfeng, and the first complete national Xia Dynasty was established in Henan, which became an important milestone for China to enter a civilized society. Recently, the earliest China, a new book by experts from China Academy of Social Sciences, systematically expounds the formation process of the Xia Dynasty in the Central Plains and reveals the birth history of China.
Second, many dynasties' capitals and political situations will meet here.
Henan is located in the abdomen of Kyushu and stands in the sky. It is said that China is the center of the world. Since ancient times, it has been a big stage for political game, regime change and regime evolution, and numerous major political events and activities have taken place.
A blessed land with capital and career. Henan has been a country of emperors since ancient times. "The past three generations were all between Heluo", with Xia Dynasty 17 Emperor and 15 Emperor as the capital, Shang Dynasty moved the capital to Henan five times and four times, Luoyi was established in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the capital was moved to Henan in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; Since then, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty have all established their capitals in Henan. Since the summer, more than 200 emperors of more than 20 dynasties have displayed their ambition to govern the country here, forming the peak and glory of several political civilizations. Of the eight ancient capitals in China, four are in Henan: Luoyang, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou and Anyang. In addition, 1 1 cities such as Henan, Xinzheng, Puyang, Yuzhou, Xuchang, Tangyin, Shangqiu, Qixian, Nanyang, Dengzhou and Qinyang were all capitals in history, and the Central Plains formed the most dense ancient capital group.
The battlefield of political competition. He who wins the Central Plains wins the world. Henan has always been a place where emperors and princes compete for supremacy, and it is a place where all kinds of old and new political forces meet. Many political events have occurred, which have promoted or delayed the historical development process.
Third, the highest place of farming civilization, the economic development is thriving.
Agriculture is developed. In ancient China, agriculture was the foundation of the country, and agriculture was the foundation. Millet, rice and other cereals were planted in the Central Plains as early as the Peiligang culture period, and crops were widely planted in the Western Zhou Dynasty. There were already "five grains" and "nine grains" in the Han Dynasty.
According to the research of the famous historian Jane Bozan, the earliest commodity trading market of Shang tribe is Vulcan in Shangqiu today. This business philosophy is leading in China. Historically, Ji Ran, a native of Shangqiu, emphasized the way of "accumulating", Bai Gui, a native of Luoyang, put forward that "people abandon me and take me", Fan Li, a native of Nanyang, advocated "being rich and good" and Sang Hongyang, a native of Luoyang, advocated "agricultural and commercial transactions benefit to the end", which all became the important connotations of China's business thought. This commercial city is in its heyday. There were more than 3,000 shops in Fengdu market alone in Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it became an international commercial city, with not only chambers of commerce, but also the "mayor" who managed the market.