Zhao Qing's tomb was found in Jinsheng Village, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. It is a large-scale tomb in the late Spring and Autumn Period and a large chariot pit with the best preservation and the most abundant information. It is also a high-ranking aristocratic tomb in Jin State with the highest rank, the largest scale, the most abundant funerary objects and the most complete information in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jin was an important vassal state; At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Jin Wengong dominated, six aristocrats with different surnames became important emerging forces in the State of Jin. They were Zhao, Wei, Han, Fan, Bank of China and Zhishi, the so-called "six Qing".

The owner of Zhao Qing's tomb, Zhao, Ming Yang and Shu Jian, was the ruling minister of the State of Jin for 22 years in the Spring and Autumn Period, dominating the battlefield. It was he who ordered Dong An to build the ancient city of Jinyang more than 2,5 years ago and started the history of Taiyuan City.

at the end of the spring and autumn period, the office of the state of Jin declined, and its power was sidelined, belonging to Liu Qing, which was called "the exclusive power of Liu Qing" in history. Zhao Jianzi, with powerful armed forces, joined the soldiers of the governors for ten years, cast a "criminal tripod" and promulgated the code of Jin.

At the same time, in order to make Zhao an invincible position in the political situation of Jin State, Zhao Jianzi started the northward movement, built a military castle in its new fief, and expanded its sphere of influence with this as the center. This is Jinyang, which lives in the north of Jin River. Zhao Jianzi sent Dong An, an adviser, to govern Jinyang.

In the autumn of 497 BC, Zhao Jianzi was attacked by his political enemies Fan and Bank of China because of the "Handan Noon Incident", so he surrendered to Jinyang to tide over the difficulties. Later, Zhao Jianzi presided over the pledge activities for many times, allied Wei, Han and Zhi, and isolated Fan and Bank of China.

in the following three years, Zhao Jianzi attacked Chaoge, Lucheng and Baiquan, then moved to Handan, then attacked the Berber, conquered the country and besieged Zhongmou, and finally conquered Xianyu, destroying Fan and BOC.

In this way, only Zhao, Han, Wei and Zhi Siqing were left among the Six Qing Dynasties in the State of Jin, which started the era of hegemony of the Four Qing Dynasties and set off a prelude for the "three divisions of Jin" in the future.

in 477 BC, Zhao Jianzi, who was all-powerful and galloping on the battlefield, passed away. Zhao Jianzi made outstanding contributions, and his weight was once great. After his death, Jin people naturally gave him a grand burial. Its tomb is a large wooden tomb with large stones and carbon deposits, with 3,1 funerary objects, including 1,69 bronzes. The bronze ritual vessel is its core, with a set of seven ding, which is an important witness to the prominent status of the tomb owner.

Zhao Qing's tomb is an east-west rectangular pit with vertical holes, with a large mouth and a small bottom, smooth walls and no entrance. In the middle of the tomb, there is a coffin and three layers of coffins.

The coffin chamber is relatively high, with an area of nearly 4 square meters. There are no pillars. There are stones and carbon deposits around the coffin, on the lid and at the bottom. The coffin chamber is made of cypress wood, and it is decayed with the coffin, but traces of painting and decoration can be seen. Due to the collapse of the burial chamber, most of the buried objects have been broken or deformed.

The owner of the tomb lay upright on his back in the third wooden coffin, with his head facing east, cinnabar under his body, his hands at his waist, and his bones had already corroded. The 7-year-old man was buried with many weapons, such as pairs of Ge, hundreds of arrowheads, four bronze swords and four pure gold hooks around his waist, surrounded by jade, jade, crystal and agate products.

Bronze ritual vessels and household utensils are stacked in layers in the east of Zhao Jianzi Head. On the west and south sides of the big coffin were placed coffins of four martyrs, who may be Zhao Jianzi's concubines, courtiers and musicians.

In addition to bronzes, all the buried relics in Zhao Qing's tomb include stone chimes, jade articles, gold wares, pottery, woodwork, bone horns, agates, crystal beads, glass beads, turquoise beads, mussels and seashells.

among the funerary bronzes in Zhao Qing's tomb, rituals, music, soldiers and implements are complete. The sacrificial vessel is the most important part, and the tripod is the core of it. There are three types of tripod, tripod and shame tripod, and there are 27 pieces of tripod, all of which have the same shape, the same decorative pattern and the same size.

One of them is a tripod with a cow's head, a round mouth, a flat folding edge, an ear, a neck, a deep abdomen, a bottom and a three-legged animal's hoof. The tripod ears and belly are decorated with Kui Wen and Pan-Pan grain, the neck is decorated with double-body Pan-Pan grain of cow head, and the heel of tripod foot is a high relief animal face grain; It is the largest tripod in the Spring and Autumn Period.

in addition, there are 5 sets of hoof-foot shame tripod with vertical ears, 7 sets of hoof-foot tripod with ear cow's head, 6 sets of hoof-foot tripod with head cow's head, 5 sets of hoof-foot tripod with ring ear-foot tripod, 2 sets of pig's button-foot tripod and 1 set of lying cow's button-foot tripod.

The system of setting the tripod is centered on "raising the tripod", and three sets of "raising the tripod" are presented in this tomb, with 7 pieces, 6 pieces and 5 pieces respectively, which is a "seven tripod" ceremony.

Beans are ancient food containers. There are three bronze bean containers in Zhao Qing's tomb: 4 square beans, 2 dish beans and 8 covered beans. There are two kinds of decorative patterns of Gaidou. One kind is a fine and complicated flat pattern, which intersects head and tail and is entangled with a group of cockroaches. The other is a simple and vivid dragon pattern, which is connected end to end and the body is curled in an S shape.

Eight bronze pots were found in the tomb, including square pots, flat pots, small square pots with high handles and square pots. The square pot is huge, dignified and simple. The small square pot with high handle is small and exquisite, with a full top, a square mouth, a bulging belly, a long handle, a trumpet-shaped foot, two dragons flying on the top of the pot, and diamond-shaped patterns on the belly. The handle is decorated with three groups of god birds, with 16 birds.

It's especially exquisite. The pot looks like a melon, with a bird-like lid, round eyes, a wide beak, a slender neck and a short tail. A pair of claws hold on to two wriggling dragons tightly. There is a tiger-shaped hand on the shoulder and abdomen of the pot, and a hinge leads from the tiger's mouth to connect with the bird's tail on the lid.

The statue of the bird in Zhao Qing's tomb is a stork with its head held upright and full wings.

The stork has a round eye and a pointed beak, and the upper part of the beak can be opened freely when pouring wine. A tiger-shaped catching hand is attached to the bird's back, and the tiger bows its head, and its hind limbs are hinged with the respect cover under the catching hand. The bird's feet are upright, and they are in a tripartite confrontation with the tiger-shaped feet under its tail. The ingenious conception can be described as ingenious.

there are also two pieces of copper A, which have the same shape and are embossed with Kui Wen, dignified and steady. There are 4 pieces of Dajian, the main decoration is rough and mighty Kui Wen, and the ear is a beast head with high relief, which is magnificent and solemn. There are also plates and turns in the toilet that match the identification.

the round mouth of the dish is flat, and the shallow dish is flat. There are two types of turns, one is three tiger-headed beam-lifting turns, which are thick in quality; The other is the line engraving of the tail ring. The strokes are as thin as hair and powerful.

The bronzes in Zhao Qing's tomb account for about 4.9% of all the relics buried with him. Its full range, various forms, novel and complex patterns of utensils are rare artistic treasures in the State of Jin. From this, we can also see the luxurious life scene of Zhao Jianzi, and smell the vigorous and heroic cultural atmosphere of Jin culture.

in addition to a large number of bronzes, there are 297 jade articles in Zhao Qing's tomb. The owner of the tomb was covered with cinnabar, with jade blocks in his mouth. On his body, he put a large number of jade articles, such as Jade Huang, Jade Bi, Jade Yuan, Jade Zhang, Yu Pei, Jade Qiong, Jade Gui, Jade Tube and Jade Piece. He also wore crystal-clear agate rings and colorful beads, and his wrists and ankles were decorated with strings of crystal beads.

after identification, most jades are tremolite and actinolite in calcareous amphibole, with pale white or yellowish color, occasionally brown or dark brown, smooth surface, and a few are serpentine, with light gray color or dark brown and chicken blood spots, and rough surface.

The production processes of jade articles in Zhao Qing Tomb mainly include cutting, sharpening, polishing, drilling and carving patterns. The vast majority of jades are exquisitely made and beautifully patterned, which shows the superb jade cutting technology of Jin State.

After the death of ancient nobles, musical instruments should be placed beside the tomb owner as funerary objects, hoping that the soul would ascend to heaven with wonderful music. There are 32 musical instruments in Zhao Qing's tomb, including one set of bronze and one set of stone chime.

Zhu is a new large-scale single percussion instrument in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Its shape is the same as that of Newbell, but it is very large, and it is a rhythmic instrument for conducting a band. Many pieces of casting in Zhao Qing's tomb have the same shape, but the size is decreasing. They should be a set of casting in a row, and according to their ornamentation and tone, they can be divided into two types: the dragon-shaped casting and the scattered pattern.

The casting is trapezoidal in front view and oval in top view. The buttons are made of two flying tigers with horns and wings, and the beams face each other. The research proves that this set of casting * * * can play 38 tones from high to low, which is more than double the 18 tones played at 9 o'clock in the early Spring and Autumn Period.

the stone chime is matched with the casting. A set of 13 chins, mostly made of gray limestone, are similar in shape and size. Except for a few chimes, they are all broken, accompanied by serious corrosion.

There are 779 weapons in Zhao Qing's tomb, including 6 swords, 31 daggers, 2 spears, 1 cymbals, 9 halberds, and 51 knives, arrowheads, etc.

The tiger eagle fights through carving Ge, and the tiger eagle fighting figure carved through Ge's bones and blades vividly shows the cruel scenes of the war in the Spring and Autumn Period. The most important thing is that a Ge with the inscription "Yu Ge of Zhao Meng" was found in the inner coffin of the tomb owner, which is an important physical object to determine the identity of the tomb owner.

The four bronze swords unearthed in the tomb owner's inner coffin are the treasures of weapons in the Spring and Autumn Period. The blade is slender, single ridge, wide and sharp. The lattice and sheath of the sword are decorated with exquisite jade carvings. These weapons may be the favorite things of the tomb owner.

There are also flat copper thorns with strong lethality, shops matched with spears and a large number of arrowheads, many of which are still sharp, reaching a high level of technology.

Tiger-shaped stoves and tent tops are daily necessities for marching operations. The tiger-shaped cooker unearthed from Zhao Qing's tomb is a strange bronze cooker, which is composed of four parts: cooker body, chimney, kettle and retort. There is a tiger-head-shaped fire door in front of the stove body, a stove chamber for placing cauldrons and retort utensils in the middle, and a flue for freely placing chimneys in the back. This stove is very suitable for marching operations and has the characteristics of the Central Plains and grassland culture.

Many weapons show the heroic posture of the tomb owner, which is a portrayal of the tomb owner's military career before his death.

Zhao Qing's chariot pit is located in the northeast of the tomb, which is an important part of Zhao Qing's tomb. The plane is in the shape of a curved ruler, which consists of the vertical intersection of the car pit and the horse pit.

There are 44 horses in Makeng, which are discharged from north to south in turn. Horses are Mongolian horses. A large number of harnesses were also found in the horse pit.

the pit is located in the west of the rectangular plane. It is the first time in China that the wheel groove is dug at the bottom of the pit, and the wheel is embedded in the groove when buried, and the axle is close to the bottom of the pit. There are at least 16 vehicles buried in the car pit, which are divided into two columns, north and south, and arranged neatly from west to east.

the car is a single shaft, and a carriage is attached to the two-wheel axle. The cars are all practical wooden cars, but the wood is rotten.

according to the differences in the shape of vehicles, they can be divided into two types: round ones and square ones. There is only one round map, located at the head of a train in the north, which is the first discovery in China. These cars have their own uses, such as the tomb owner's special car is "an car", the officer's command car is "a car", the field car used for field hunting and other official cars.

There are more than 2 pieces of chariots and horses in the chariot pit of Zhao Qing's tomb, such as Shang, Duo, Bell, Iron Jewelry, Horse Title, Danglu and so on.

The huge chariots and horses pit and numerous chariots and horses make people seem to see the fierce battle flags, raging flames, staggering chariots and horses, the war scenes in Ma Xiaoxiao and the general demeanor of Zhao Jianzi who is determined to command and strategize.

the flat pot unearthed from Zhao Qing's tomb.