Question 1: What dynasty and name was the founder of Taoism? Taoism and Taoism are two concepts that are both related and different.

Taoism is a system of thought. Its founder is no longer known. It is generally believed to be represented by Huangdi and Laozi. Collectively known as Huang Lao.

Some statements in Laozi's "Tao Te Ching" (between 571 and 471 BC) are found in the earlier "Tao De Jing" written by Guan Zhong (about 723 BC or 716 BC - 645 BC). It has been recorded in Guanzi. The legendary Kongtong sect Guangchengzi (the Yellow Emperor's teacher) is also a Taoist figure.

Taoism is a religious group. Fang Xiandao, which originated from the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in ancient China, is a native polytheistic religious form that worships many gods. Its main purpose is to pursue immortality, attain immortality, and save the world and save people. It occupies an important position in ancient Chinese traditional culture and is also actively developing in the modern world.

It is generally believed that Zhang Daoling (34-156 or 178), whose courtesy name was Fu Han, was from the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is the founder of Taoism and the founder of Five Pecks of Rice. Taoists call him Zhang Daoling, Zhang Tianshi, Zu Tianshi, Zhengyi Zhenren.

Question 2: Who is the founder of Taoism and Cowardism and from what dynasty? The founder of Confucianism is of course the great educator Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, known as Confucius.

The founder of Taoism was not Lao Tzu in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was Zhang Daoling during the Eastern Han Dynasty who integrated Huang-Lao theory and alchemy to create the Five Pecks of Rice religion. This was the true predecessor of Taoism.

Question 3: Who is the founder of Taoism? Which dynasty was the founder of Confucianism? Historically, it was Laozi Li Er who was highly respected, that is, Taishang Laojun.

Confucianism: Confucius is from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Question 4: Which dynasty founded Taoism? Taoism is a native religion in China. It was founded during the period of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of cultural tradition, Taoism inherits the traditional ritual and music civilization of ancient China; in theory, Taoism directly absorbs and develops the Taoist thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods; in practice, Taoism inherits the scholars of the pre-Qin period, The cultivation experience and achievements of immortals. Taoist culture has a long history, is extensive and profound. In summary, it includes twelve aspects: Taoist cosmology, Taoist outlook on life, Taoist philosophy, Taoist theology, Taoist skills, fasting rituals, medical health preservation, yin and yang feng shui, fortune prediction, Taoist rituals, Taoist martial arts, Taoist music, etc. Therefore, Taoist culture is a treasure house of Chinese traditional culture. And it is generations of sages and sages who have established, carried forward and perfected this treasure house. From the pre-Qin period to the Sui Dynasty, to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, to the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties periods, to the Song Dynasty, to the Yuan Dynasty, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times, there were more than 710 well-known true immortals and Taoists in the country. Among the true immortals and Taoists of all ages, the most famous and familiar ones are: Laozi, a man of the late Spring and Autumn Period, the founder of the Taoist school and Taoist philosophy. Shi Li, whose name is Er and whose courtesy name is Pin. A native of Ku County, Chuyuan (now Luyi County, Henan Province). His "Five Thousand Words of Laozi", also known as "Tao Te Ching", is the pioneering work of Taoist culture. Its philosophy is profound and contains profound wisdom, insights into the universe, society and life, and reflection on human rationality. The analysis of concepts has extremely profound insights and has far-reaching influence in China and the world. Zhuangzi: a person from the Warring States Period, one of the representatives of the Taoist school, the successor of Laozi's philosophy, profound knowledge, and the author of more than 100,000 words of "Zhuangzi", which is the "Nanhua Zhenjing", which is divided into inner chapters, outer chapters, miscellaneous chapters, ** *52 chapters, 33 of which are extant. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named him "The True Lord of Nanhua", and Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty named him "The True Lord of Huimiao Fangneng". Gui Guzi: a thinker during the Warring States Period and a native of Chu. Because he lived in seclusion in Guigu Mountain in Yangcheng, Yingchuan (now in Dengfeng County, Henan Province) for a long time, Guiguzi wrote the book "Guiguzi" and was the founder of Chinese physiognomy. Xu Fu: Alchemist of the Qin Dynasty, the world's earliest navigator and explorer, a native of Langlang (now Zhucheng area, Jiaonan, Shandong), and the founder of Taoist medicine. Dongfang Shuo: a Western Han Dynasty alchemist with the courtesy name Manqing. He was a native of Pingyanci (now Lingxian County, Shandong Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. He is the author of books such as "Shenyi Jing" and "Records of Ten Continents in the Sea". He is proficient in Taoist horoscopes and medicine. Known as "immortal".

Zhang Daoling: Dong ***. He is the actual founder of Taoism, a native religion in China. He was born in Peiguofeng of the Eastern Han Dynasty (today's Jiangfeng County) and is a famous Zhang Tianshi in the history of Chinese Taoism. Ge Hong: a famous Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, known as Ge Xianweng. He was a native of Danyang Xunrong (in today's Jiangsu Province) and wrote the book "Baopuzi" with 70 chapters. It mainly records the methods of alchemy. He has made certain contributions to my country's chemistry, medicine, and pharmacy. Wang Chongyang, a famous Taoist priest in the Jin Dynasty, was born in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. He was the founder of Quanzhen Sect in Taoism. He wrote "Fifteen Treatises on the Li Jiao of Ming Yang" and was an advocate of Taoist health preservation. Zhang Sanfeng: a famous Taoist priest in the Ming Dynasty and the founder of the Wudang Sect. He was a native of Lioyang, Hebei Province (now Hebei Province). He was proficient in alchemy and the author of three chapters of "All Essentials of Alchemy". "Tao Zang Ji Yao" includes the "Complete Works of Mr. Zhang Sanfeng" compiled by Shengren, which has made important contributions to Taoist martial arts and Taoist music. The influence of Taoism spreads throughout Southeast Asia.

Question 5: Who is the founder of Taoism? Taoism is a traditional Chinese religion with "Tao" as its highest belief. It originated in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was gradually formed on the basis of Chinese religious beliefs. Taoism regards Laozi as its leader and respects him as a god. It interprets the "Tao Te Ching" as a religious interpretation and worships it. A fundamental classic. The ideological origins of Taoism can be traced back to the worship of ghosts and gods in the Shang and Yin Dynasties, the magical alchemy of the Warring States Period, and the Huang-Lao theory of the Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced to China, and its organization, rituals, and canons provided reference for Taoism. Its formation has roughly gone through three stages: the primitive Taoist stage, the theoretical stage and the sect-forming stage. Among them, the primitive Taoist stage is represented by the Five Dou Mi Dao (the founder is Zhang Ling from Peixian County, Jiangsu) and the Taiping Dao (the founder is Zhang Jiao from Julu). In the theoretical stage, Taoism’s doctrinal ideas, scientific rituals and standards, and temple settings are all complete. , Daohai's theoretical system and organizational form tended to mature; in the sect-forming stage, the Chinese Taoist system - Quanzhen Sect and Zhengyi Sect gradually formed, which has influenced today.

Main sects:

Early Taoist sect: started in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, mainly including Tianshi sect, Shangqing sect, Lingbao sect and Louguan sect.

Taoist factions in the Southern Song Dynasty: The main Taoist factions in the Southern Song Dynasty were the Quanzhen sect and the Zhengyi sect.

Question 6: Who was the founder of Taoism who lived in the same era as "Confucius"? What are its main ideological propositions? Laozi (about 600 BC - 500 BC) was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Taoism

Question 7: Who was the founder of Taoism who lived in the same era as "Confucius" The founder of Taoism is Zhang Daoling

Zhang Daoling (February 22, 34 AD [1] - 156 AD), courtesy name Fuhan, formerly known as Ling, ***, Taoist, Fengyi, Peijun, Han State (now Jiangsu Feng County) people.

Zhengyimengweidao, the founder of Tianshi Tao, Taishang Laojun "taught the Three Days of Zhengfa and appointed him as Tianshi", "Zhengyi Zhenren for the three days of Dharma", and was honored as "Zhengyi Zhenren" in later generations. "Old Ancestor Celestial Master", "Zhengyi Zhenren", Three-day Supporting Master, Gaoming God, Zhang Tianshi. He wrote "Lao Zi Xiang Er Zhu" and had more than 300 disciples. He established 24 disciplines and laid the foundation for the Tao of Heavenly Masters. Zhang Daoling, Ge Xuan, Xu Xun, and Sa Shoujian are collectively known as the Four Heavenly Masters.

The background of Zhang Daoling's creation of Tianshi Dao: At that time, in the Bashu area, the original Ba people believed in primitive witchcraft and carried out large-scale obscene sacrifices that harmed the people. And these magicians who worship ghosts and monsters (scientific name: Yaoxie) gather people to make money and do all kinds of evil. Tianshi Zhang, together with his two disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng and the Yellow Emperor's Nine Cauldron Alchemy Sutra, came to Beimang Mountain to practice and quelled the witch cults that harmed the people. The story circulated in Sichuan and Chongqing that Zhang Tianshi used Taishang Laojun's sword and seal to defeat the ghost soldiers is based on this.

If the Confucius you are talking about refers to Confucius, the two are not from the same period

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC to April 11, 479 BC) He was born in the Spring and Autumn Period in Zou Yi, Lu State (now Qufu City, Shandong Province). A famous Chinese thinker and educator, he traveled around the world with his disciples for fourteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn".

According to legend, he had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius". In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and the "Muduo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. He was respected by later rulers as the Saint of Confucius, the Most Holy, the Most Holy Teacher, and Dacheng. The most holy teacher, King Wenxuan, is the model for all generations. His Confucianism has a profound influence on China and the world. Confucius is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". Confucius is revered as the founder of Confucianism. With the expansion of Confucius' influence, worship of Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as God and the country's ancestor gods. Apart from Laozi, only Confucius has this honor.

Confucius is from the Spring and Autumn Period, and Zhang Daoling is from the Han Dynasty. Laozi was the founder of the Taoist school, and he lived around the same time as Confucius.

Lao Tzu (approximately 571 BC - 471 BC?), whose courtesy name was Boyang, and whose posthumous name was Dan, was also known as Li Er (in ancient times, "Lao" and "Li" were the same pronunciation; "Dan" and "Dan" were homophones "Er" (synonymous with "ear"), once served as the "keeper of the collection room" (an official who managed the collection of books) in the Zhou Dynasty. He was one of China's great philosophers and thinkers, the founder of the Taoist school,[3] and was revered as the ancestor of Taoism. , a world cultural celebrity.

Laozi's idea of ??maintaining health is "inaction" - no consumption. "Laozi" uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, and "Tao" is objective (Tao: the energy phenomenon of the universe)

Question 8: Who are the founders of Legalism, Mohism, Confucianism, Taoism and military strategism? 1. Confucianism:

Representative figures: Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi. Works: "The Analects", "Mencius", "Xunzi"

Confucianism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It took Confucius as its teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period, took the Six Arts as its method, advocated "rituals and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", and advocated "loyalty and forgiveness" and the impartial "doctrine of the mean" "Path", an academic sect that advocates "moral governance" and "benevolent government" and attaches great importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation.

Confucianism emphasizes the function of education and believes that education is emphasized and punishment is light. It is the only way for the country to be stable and the people to be prosperous and happy. It advocates "education without discrimination", and both the rulers and the ruled should be educated so that everyone in the country can become moral people.

In politics He also advocated governing the country with etiquette and persuading people with virtue, calling for the restoration of "Zhou Rites" and believing that "Zhou Rites" was the ideal way to realize ideal politics. By the Warring States Period, Confucianism was divided into eight schools, the important ones being Mencius and Xunzi. School.

Mencius’s main thought was that “the people are valued above the king” and he advocated rulers to implement “benevolent government”. In his discussion of human nature, he believed that human nature is inherently good and put forward the “theory of good nature”, which is consistent with Xunzi’s theory of human nature. The "theory of evil nature" is completely different. The reason why Xunzi proposed that human nature is evil is also a manifestation of the more acute social contradictions during the Warring States Period.

2. Taoism:

Representative figures: Laozi, Zhuangzi , Liezi. Works: "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi", "Liehzi"

Taoism is one of the important schools of thought in the Warring States Period, also known as "moralists". This school is based on Laozi's "Taoism" in the late Spring and Autumn Period. ” theory as the theoretical basis, using “Tao” to explain the nature, origin, composition and changes of all things in the universe. It believes that the way of heaven is inactive and all things are born naturally. It denies that God and ghosts dominate everything, advocates that Tao follows nature, lets nature take its course, and advocates tranquility and inaction. , guard the female, keep the soft, and use softness to overcome strength. The political ideal is "a small country with few people" and "governing by doing nothing." After Laozi, Taoism internally divided into different sects. There are four famous schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School Hehuang Old School.

3. Mohism:

Representative: Mozi. Work: "Mozi"

Mohism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period , the founder is Mo Zhai.

This school of thought is based on the theory of "loving each other and benefiting each other": universal love means treating others as oneself; universal love means loving others as oneself. "The world loves each other." , the purpose of "mutual benefit" can be achieved. Politically, it advocates respecting the virtuous, advocating for unity and non-aggression; economically, it advocates strengthening the local government and restraining the use of resources; ideologically, it advocates respecting heaven and serving ghosts. At the same time, it also advocates "non-fate", emphasizing that Relying on their own strength to engage in work.

The Mohist family has a strict organization, and most of its members come from the lower classes of society. According to legend, they can go through fire and knife to inspire themselves. Their disciples are engaged in debate, and they are called "Mobian" "; Those who engage in martial arts are called "Mo Xia"; the leader is called "Ju (Ju) Zi". He has strict discipline and it is said that "the law of Mo is that those who kill will die and those who injure others will be punished" ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals? Go Private") ").

After Mo Zhai's death, it split into three factions. In the late Warring States period, they merged into two factions: one focused on the research of epistemology, logic, mathematics, optics, mechanics and other disciplines, which was called " The other branch was transformed into the knight-errants of the Qin and Han dynasties.

4. Legalism:

Representative figures: Han Fei, Li Si , Shang Yang. Work: "Han Feizi"

Legalism was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It advocated governing the country by law, "no distinction between relatives and strangers, no distinction between high and low, and one is determined by the law." During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Zichan were the forerunners of Legalism. In the early Warring States period, Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buha, Shen Dao, etc. founded the Legalist school. By the end of the Warring States period, Han Fei synthesized Shang Yang's "Legalism" ", Shen Dao's "potential" and Shen Buhai's "technique" are the culmination of Legalist thought and theory.

This school,

Economically, he advocates abolishing well fields, focusing on agriculture and suppressing business, and rewarding farming and war; politically, he advocates the abolition of feudalism, the establishment of counties and counties, and the autocratic monarchy, using power and tactics to rule with severe punishments; in terms of ideology and education, he advocates banning all scholars. Legalist theory takes law as teaching and officials as teachers. Its theory provides theoretical basis and action strategy for the establishment of a unified dynasty with autocratic monarchy.

"Hanshu Yiwenzhi" records the works of Legalists There are 217 chapters, nearly half of which are extant today, the most important of which are "Shang Jun Shu" and "Han Feizi".

5. Famous Masters:

Representative: Deng Xi , Hui Shi, Gongsun Long and Huan Tuan. Works: "Gongsun Longzi"

Mingjia was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. Because he was engaged in debating names (names, concepts) and real (facts, reality) Because of his main academic activities, he was called a famous scholar by later generations. At that time, people were called "debators", "chashis" or "criminal (form) famous masters". The representative figures are Hui Shi and Gongsun Long.

6. Yin Yang Family:

Representative: Zou Yan...gt;gt;