Question 1: What does Chinese folk music mean? The main components of Chinese traditional music include Buddhist music, Taoist music, rap music, opera music, and folk music.

Chinese folk music (Also known as folk music in mainland China, Chinese music in Taiwan, and Chinese music in Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia and overseas regions) refers to various traditional Chinese music and all kinds of music developed based on it. Its music types include solo concertos of various Chinese national instruments, various traditional Chinese instrumental ensembles, national orchestral ensembles (traditional Chinese orchestra ensembles) and small ensembles developed in modern times, and Chinese national style music performed by symphony orchestras. , and Chinese national vocal music, etc.

According to archaeological discoveries, Chinese folk music can be traced back to more than 7,000 years ago, and ancient documents generally date back to the Yellow Emperor. Over the course of thousands of years of history, the Chinese nation has created an extremely rich national music culture in both form and artistic conception. It pays attention to the neutrality, simplicity, moderation, implicitness and etherealness of artistic expression. Mainly the pentatonic scale. Unlike traditional Western art that focuses on three-dimensionality, it focuses more on expressing line forms. Since the 20th century, with the large-scale introduction of Western music, coupled with the "Eurocentrism" in the ideological field and the lack of in-depth understanding of national music culture by the Chinese people, Chinese national music has gradually been left out. Shanghai during the Republic of China produced a lot of excellent Chinese pop music. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, national music has been explored and studied to a great extent, and there was an attempt to establish a "Chinese School of Music". With the deepening of reform and opening up, national music has been impacted and challenged by Hong Kong and Taiwan pop music and other aspects. In recent years, many musicians have asked

Question 2: What does folk music mean? Folk music refers to national music.

Chinese folk music refers to traditional folk music played in the form of solos and ensembles using traditional Chinese instruments.

Chinese national instrumental music has a long history. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, folk instruments such as sheng, yu, guzi, zhuzhu, and qin were popular. At that time, qin masters such as Shi Juan and Shi Kuang emerged, as well as famous qin music such as "High Mountain" and "Flowing Water". There are drum music in the Qin and Han Dynasties, Qing Shang music in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, pipa music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, fine music and Qing music in the Song Dynasty, Shiban gongs, drums, string strings, etc. in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The performance forms are rich and diverse. Various genres and forms in modern times are the inheritance and development of traditional forms.

National instrumental music includes solos of various instruments, ensembles and ensembles of various instrument combinations. The combination of different instruments, different repertoire and playing styles form a variety of instrumental music. Solo music of various musical instruments is an important part of national instrumental music. Qin music "Guangling San" and "Three Plum Blossoms"; pipa music "Ambush from Flying Daggers" and "Sunset Flute and Drum"; Zheng music "Fishing Boats Sing Evening" and "Jackdaws Playing in the Water"; suona music "A Hundred Birds Pay Attention to the Phoenix", " "Small Open Door"; flute music "Five Bangzi" and "Partridge Flying"; erhu music "Er Fountain Reflects the Moon", etc., are all excellent solo pieces.

Qingluo and drum music is played purely with percussion instruments such as gongs and drums. It has rich timbre and strong rhythm. It is good at expressing the lively, lively and light tastes of life. Such as "Preface to the Eight Immortals" (Gongs and Drums in Eastern Zhejiang), "Eighteen *** Two" (Perfection in Southern Jiangsu), "Kite Turns Over" (Dago Society, Shaanxi), "Myna Takes a Bath" ("Da Liuzi" of the Tujia Nationality in Western Hunan), etc. .

Xiansuo music, played by an ensemble of various string instruments, is known for its gracefulness, lyricism, simplicity and elegance, and is suitable for indoor performance. Such as "Sixteen Bans" (Thirteen sets of strings and ropes), "High Mountain", "Flowing Water" (Henan Ban Tou Song), etc.

Silk and bamboo music played with wind instruments and string instruments has a meticulous performance style and mostly expresses lively and lively emotions, such as "Sanliu", "Walking in the Streets" (Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo), "Rain Beats the Plantains", " "Walking Horse" (Guangdong Music), "Eight Horses", "Plum Blossom Exercise" (Fujian Nanyin), etc.

Wind and percussion music, composed of wind instruments and percussion instruments, has a rough playing style, is suitable for outdoor performance, and is good at expressing warm and cheerful emotions.

Such as "General's Order" (Southern Jiangsu persuasion), "Dayuanmen" (Eastern Zhejiang gongs and drums), "Putian Music" (Shandong persuasion), "Double Biting Goose" (Chaozhou gongs and drums). There are many types of wind and percussion music that also use string instruments in the band, so the music has the characteristics of silk and bamboo music, such as "Man Ting Fang" (Sunan percussion), "Five Phoenix Song" (Fuzhou Shiban), etc. Generally speaking, the popular wind and percussion music in the north emphasizes "blowing" and the playing skills are high; the popular wind and percussion music in the south emphasizes "beating", and gongs and drums play an important role in the wind and percussion music.

Traditional ethnic instrumental music performances are often combined with folk weddings and funerals, gods-welcoming games and other customs and life, as well as palace ceremonies, religious ceremonies, etc., and rarely take the form of pure instrumental music performances. The practicality of national instrumental music has resulted in many instrumental tunes being changed for different occasions.

Traditional ethnic instrumental music has titles, which are divided into two categories: name and meaning. The nominal title only names the music to show the difference between A and B. It has no direct connection with the music content, such as "Gongchishang", "Four Duanjin", "Nine Links", "Ten Scenes of Gongs and Drums", etc. Significant titles indicate the content of the music through the title of the song, section titles and titles, such as "Flowing Water", "The Overlord Removes His Armor", "Race the Dragon to Win the Gold", etc.

According to traditional customs, national instrumental music is divided into two categories: "single" and "suite". Singles are mostly single independent music labels. A suite is composed of multiple tunes or independent passages. For example, there are thirteen sets of pipa music from the Northern and Southern Schools, eight sets from northern Shanxi, etc. For example, according to the type of musical form structure, there are mainly variations, cycles, couplets, complexes, etc., among which variations and couplets are the most common.

Various variation techniques are widely used in creation. When folk artists perform a piece of music repeatedly, they are good at using various performance techniques to add decorations to the melody to form variations, such as "Happy Meeting" (flute music), "Wedding Song" (suona music), etc. "Slow-down fill-in" is also a commonly used variation technique, which doubles the structure of the "mother song" and adds fill-in at the same time. Musical pieces such as "Happy Song" (Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo), "Nanxiu Purse" (an Errentai brand song), and "Liu Qingniang" (Chaozhou String Poetry) all place the "slow down and add flowers" paragraph before the "mother song". Another variation technique is to adopt a structure of changing themes. For example, the theme of the Erhu song "Er Quan Ying Yue" is expanded and contracted before, during or at the end of the sentence in the following five variations. The "Tie Ce Ban Sheng" in the pipa song "White Snow in Spring" adopts an inversion of the structural order. This change in structural order is more common in the gong and drum sections.

Since the 1920s, Liu Tianhua, Nie Er, etc...gt;gt;

Question 3: The basic characteristics of national music First, from the composition of music It is said that Chinese music is music based on pentatonic modes. The so-called five-tone mode is a mode composed of five tones: Zigong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, which is similar to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 in the simplified musical notation. The six-tone and seven-tone modes in national music are developed on the basis of the pentatonic mode. Traditional Chinese music is generally written in the pentatonic scale, such as folk songs "Jasmine Flower", "Flowing River", "Fifth Brother Herding Sheep", instrumental music "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", "Three Lanes of Plum Blossoms"... and so on. In the past, people who could not sing accurately were often called "tone deaf". The "pentatonic" mentioned here refers to the five tones in the pentatonic mode. Secondly, in terms of musical expression, Chinese music pays attention to the horizontal progression of music, that is, the expressiveness of melody. Like Chinese calligraphy, painting and other arts, in terms of artistic style, Chinese music pays attention to the processing of melody and charm, emphasizing the dispersion of form and the persistence of spirit. Traditional Chinese music works often use a single melody in melody progression, with little use of harmony. For example, the ten famous ancient Chinese songs that people are familiar with are basically solo pieces for a certain instrument. Ensemble music is generally used in large-scale occasions such as palace ceremonies, religious ceremonies, and god-welcoming games. This is quite different from Western music that emphasizes harmony effects. Thirdly, Chinese traditional music also has a close relationship with sister arts such as dance and poetry. In ancient times, music was generally inseparable from dance. For example, the "Music and Dance of the Six Dynasties" in ancient times, the song and dance songs of the Tang Dynasty, and the opera music that emerged after the Tang and Song Dynasties all reflected the combination of music and dance.

Ancient poetry is generally divided into three categories: poetry, lyrics, and music. At first, they were all used for singing, but later the functions of poetry became differentiated. From the perspective of modern music, most of the lyrics of songs rhyme, and a good lyric itself is also a good poem. In addition, China's national vocal music art is also very unique in its singing methods. We usually call this singing method that the Chinese people have created in music practice for thousands of years, that has distinctive national characteristics and is in line with Chinese people’s appreciation habits, as “national singing method”. The characteristics of national singing are: emphasizing the brightness and sweetness of the voice, vivid language and simple emotions, emphasizing the mellowness of the accent and clear enunciation of words, stressing the use of breath, and mainly singing in real voice. In recent years, on the basis of inheriting our country's traditional singing methods, Chinese vocal workers have continued to learn from and absorb the characteristics of bel canto, making the national singing methods more scientific and more vital. Chinese opera singing is also a kind of national singing, and it is a very unique singing method. There are many types of Chinese operas, and different operas have different singing methods. Peking Opera's singing method is the most representative. In Peking Opera, the singing method is also called singing style. The five roles of Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou in Peking Opera each have their own singing styles. Their singing methods are complex and changeable, using both real and false voices, and the method is exquisite. It is a distinctive singing method in the world. Many of the essences of modern national singing come from Chinese dramatic singing.

Question 4: What is ethnic music? "What is Ethnomusicology" classified the research objects of ethnomusicology in 80 lines. He believed that this discipline "mainly explores three types of music. /p>

The first category is music of nonliterate (music of nonliterate),

The second category is music of Asian and northern African cultures, that is, Chinese, The music culture of Japan, Java, Bali, Southwest Asia, India, Iran and other countries (and regions) of the Japanese language family

The third category is folk music (folk music), which can be defined as, in the above-mentioned Music passed down orally in high-level Asian culture and Western civilization”

Question 5: What does Anmin Ledao mean? I like to talk about topics that stabilize people’s lives.

Question 6: What are the benefits to us of learning folk music? The so-called national music here refers to the literati music, religious music, folk music, court music, etc. accumulated and constructed by China's fifty-six ethnic groups on the basis of their own inherent traditional culture. So what is the use of learning folk music? Music appears to the world in the form of human behavior. As an important part of culture, music has always accompanied the development of mankind. Simply speaking, its functions are as follows: 1. National music is a cultural carrier of national culture. It reflects the social, historical features, aesthetics, economic, natural and cultural conditions of the time. This helps us understand past history, aesthetics, values, etc. from another side. 2. National music has the function of cultivating one's moral character and nourishing one's character, and helps human beings resolve their relationship with themselves (spirituality). 3. As the carrier of various beliefs and values ??of a nation, the prosperity of national music helps to enhance the self-confidence and patriotism of the people across the country. Although the current situation is that Western music seems to occupy the hearts of most people and they think it is an extremely noble thing, while Chinese music is just old-fashioned. However, this is not the case in fact. The music of many countries and nationalities was often spread from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and then they developed on this basis. I will not give an example here. This shows one thing, it’s not that Chinese music is bad, it’s just that the economy has not yet dominated the world. As long as the day comes when China’s economy dominates the world, opera will be the world’s popular music. Therefore, learning folk music is of great significance.

Question 7: What are the five tones of Chinese national music? Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.

The five tones are also called "five tones".

In ancient times, the five tones of Zigong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng (zhǐ), and Yu were less than those of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, which are similar to the modern music score. Later, two changes were added, namely Bian Gong, Bian Zheng, and Bian Gong is similar. The "7" in the modern music notation becomes slightly similar to the "4" in the modern music notation. There is no equivalent sound to "4" in our country's traditional music. The five tones plus two changes are collectively called "seven tones" or "seven tones", thus forming a seven-tone scale: Gong (1), Shang (2), Jiao (3), Bian Zheng, (4), Zheng (5), Yu (6), Bian Gong (7).

The general classification directions are three: Qingle mode, Yale mode, and Yanle mode.

The five tones are the same as the simple theoretical forms of ancient my country such as yin and yang, five elements, five flavors, five colors, and five grains. They reflect my country's early holistic aesthetics and are regarded by Westerners as the basic form of the entire oriental music.

Question 8: The relationship between traditional music, ethnic music and folk music 1. The types and scope of music included in traditional music

In today’s Chinese music, there are not only It is rich in historical resources and also has rich folk traditional resources. These resources are living traditions that attract the interest of Chinese and foreign scholars. According to traditional Chinese music theory, China's national folk music can be divided into five categories.

1. Instrumental music

Chinese instrumental music can be divided into two categories: solo and ensemble. Solo music is again divided into categories such as bowing, plucking, windpipe, and percussion.

Similarly, ensemble music can be further divided into string music, silk and bamboo music, wind music, drum music and wind and percussion music. These five types of ensemble music constitute the essence of traditional Chinese music.

2. Opera music

There are more than 300 types of local operas in China. These opera types can be divided into four categories according to different music: (1) Pihuang tune; (2) Bangzi tune; (3) Kun tune; (4) Gao tune. Peking Opera belongs to Pihuang style.

3. Rap ??music

China is considered a country rich in rap music. Rap refers to the musical component contained in folk art. The main feature of this type of music is that storylines are often narrated during singing. According to a preliminary survey, there are more than 300 local rap music types across the country, which can be divided into eight categories: (1) Drum lyrics; (2) Qinshu; (3) Tanci); (4) Fishing drums); 5 (Brands) (6) walking singing; (7) miscellaneous songs); (8) chanting.

4. Folk songs

Folk songs are the basis of all kinds of folk music. In China, due to its vast territory and large population, there are rich and colorful folk songs in various places. Generally speaking, Chinese folk songs can be divided into three major categories: (1) folk songs; (2) minor tunes; (3) labor songs.

5. Folk dance music

China’s folk dances also have many types and styles. The most popular ones include (1) Yangge; (2) waist drum; (3) land boat racing; (4) lanterns; (5) tea picking; and so on. National music is songs or music produced by, spread among, and expressing folk life

Chinese folk music is divided into: folk songs, folk dance music, folk instrumental music, folk rap music, and folk music. Folk music (Folkmusic), also known as folk songs, folk music, folk short poems, etc., referred to as folk songs, folk songs, folk music or folk songs, is defined by the International Folk Music Association (IFMC) as "developed through the process of oral transmission" "Popular music", that is, the music dissemination process is purely the result of the performers or music receivers recording and teaching and passing it on personally. They range from songs, simple instrumental performances, and even dance tunes and steps. This explanation has a very important derivative and connection with the redefinition of folk music, folklore and folk dance in the mid-19th century. It is generally believed that the term and theoretical definition originated from the British anthropologist W.J. Thomas in 1846.

So. Ethnic music includes traditional music.

Some branches of folk music are ethnic music