1. The National Music School refers to a group of musicians who were active in the European music scene after the mid-19th century and were closely connected with the bourgeois nationalist cultural movement. Most of them are politically radical, sympathize with or participate in the bourgeois revolution in their country, and have a strong national consciousness.

2. Characteristics: In art, they advocate the creation of new music with distinctive national characteristics. The country's excellent folk music materials are often used to express patriotic heroic themes to inspire the country's people to resist feudal and foreign rule. Democracy, people's nature, and nationality have always been the distinctive features of their artistic activities.

3. Representative figures: Moniuszko of Poland, Erkel of Hungary, Smetana and Dvo?ák of the Czech Republic, Grieg of Norway and Sibenius of Finland, Russia's Glinka, Balegirev, Borodin, Mussorgsky, etc.