A study on the teaching characteristics of the Music Department of Yan'an Lu Xun Art College. The Music Department of Yan'an Lu Xun Art College is a comprehensive art school founded to meet the needs of the war. Lu Xun Art Institute has gradually opened up a distinctive path through continuous development and exploration. Luyi continues to explore and develop from various aspects such as academic system, education methods, and artistic practice. During the teaching process, it continues to collect a large amount of folk music, laying a solid foundation for the development of national music. Yan'an Lu Xun Art Institute is an art school founded under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It has established departments of literature, drama, music, and fine arts. The music department was founded by musician Ji Ji, who formulated the The education policy of the Music Department: “Study music theory and technology, study the musical wealth left by Chinese music, cultivate a group of musical talents for the development of Chinese music, and promote the development of music belonging to the Anti-Japanese War.” As a music department established during the special period of the Anti-Japanese War, it has explored a new education model for cultivating skilled musical talents. In order to adapt to the needs of the war environment, the Music Department attaches great importance to integrating theory with practice in running schools, which is also one of its greatest features. Emphasizing the combination of classroom teaching and in-depth participation in the masses, the combination of learning national folk music and participating in production labor, creating performances and carrying out mass music activities, gradually accumulated professional music education methods and experience adapted to the war environment and revolutionary base conditions. Cultivate and transport a large number of musical talents to various anti-Japanese base areas. Therefore, on the one hand, the talents trained by the music department go to places where the Anti-Japanese War is needed, and go deep into the countryside and cities in the army and rear areas, and even work in enemy areas. On the other hand, we must respond to and call on artists across the country to find the best and most beneficial path for anti-war art.

1. Unique academic system and teaching methods. In the early days of the establishment of the Music Department of Yan'an Lu Xun Art College, the academic system changed significantly. Initially, short-term training was the main focus, and the on-campus training time was usually short. Students studied in school for three months, and in the next three months they went to the front lines behind enemy lines to practice among the masses. In the next three months, they returned to school to continue their studies. At that time, this class system was called the "three-three system." [1] By the third period, frontline internships were canceled and the "four-four system" was implemented. The semester becomes 4-8 months. But less than 2 months after implementation, another change occurred. In 1939, in response to the Party Central Committee's policy of improving workers, peasants, and soldiers on the one hand, and popularizing the masses on the other, Yan'an Luyi changed its teaching plan. From February to July, a two-sided system was implemented, while comprehensive education was implemented. While improving specialized artistic talents, we will educate workers, peasants and soldiers to improve their cultural quality. The music department spends four to six hours every day going to various theater groups and choirs in various schools for internship activities. The ever-changing academic system was determined by the needs of the Anti-Japanese War, and this unique academic system also formed characteristics that were different from those of the Chongqing National Conservatory of Music and the Northwest Conservatory of Music in the same period. Teaching methods are very important in the teaching process. Paying attention to teaching methods can better realize the teaching content and achieve the purpose of teaching. [2] The teaching methods of the Music Department of Lu Xun Academy of Art are related to the politics and the Anti-Japanese War at that time, and at the same time reflect the characteristics of music teaching. Therefore, the teaching methods are more flexible and diverse, including one-to-many traditional theoretical explanations, one-to-one demonstration teaching, and in-depth folk experience teaching. This teaching method allows students to use a more intuitive way I learned knowledge and content that cannot be learned from books.

2. Focus on setting up folk music courses. The initial curriculum of the Luyi Music Department was not very complete. This is related to its academic system, because its semester The training time is very short, and the conditions of the teachers are relatively weak. Due to the limitations of these conditions, there are some imperfections in the curriculum. As the Luyi Music Department continues to mature, its curriculum has also shown unique features. Some features. In terms of curriculum, *** has opened compulsory courses and specialized courses for *** students. The compulsory courses for *** students include Marxism-Leninism, real-time analysis, Chinese revolution and the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong Thought, Introduction to Social Sciences, Literature and Art Work and so on. It can be seen that the required courses for ***’s classmates focused on ideological and political theory education, which was also an important feature of higher education in Yan’an at that time. These courses are not available in other professional music schools. Subjects for further specialization include recitation and vocalization, music reading and singing, Yangko, general music studies, instrumental music practice, song practice, folk music, instrumental music (mainly erhu, sanxian, flute percussion, supplemented by violin and organ), conducting, and opera Appreciation. It can be seen that some courses with national characteristics have been added to these courses, such as Yangko classes. Yangko is a popular song and dance type in northern China. The living environment of the local people in Yan'an is relatively poor, and the people's cultural level is relatively low, so most of the students in Luyi come from the Kuomintang-controlled areas, and these students from other places do not understand the local folk culture, and they are unfamiliar with Yangko. Yangge can be said to be the product of the concrete implementation of the spirit of the "Literary Rectification" movement in the border areas and Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art". It provides guidance on how to integrate with the masses and how to better use literature and art as a weapon to serve the struggles at that time. specific approaches and accumulated experience. [3] Lu Yi’s Yangko classes are relatively down-to-earth and adapted to the lives of working people. The general music course is about basic music theory, which includes an introduction to general Chinese modes.

The establishment of folk music courses also hired Shaanxi folk artists to teach. Although it was not continued, it also reflected Lu Yi's emphasis on folk music and its bold innovation. Instrumental music classes include erhu, sanxian, flute, and some percussion instruments, which are all ethnic instruments. This also shows that Luyi attaches great importance to ethnic music. Lu Yi's emphasis on ethnic music gradually created its own unique music teaching features, which has important pioneering significance for the inheritance and development of ethnic music education. The curriculum of the Music Department of Luyi places equal importance on professional learning and political learning to adapt to the needs of social development at that time. The Music Department of Luyi has implemented the Chinese literary and art policy in teaching and clarified the guiding ideology of educational policies and curriculum.

3. In-depth folk art practice. Practical teaching is an important part of the teaching of Luyi Music Department. This is also a unique feature that distinguishes other music departments. In teaching, teachers and students of the Music Department almost put most of the The time spent on practical teaching is reflected in the early three-three system. It can be said that there is internship time in every semester, and internship is also a learning process. During the internship, teachers and students Going deep into the fields and on the front lines of the Anti-Japanese War, I learned folk skills from experienced folk artists, collected folk music materials, and constantly enriched my knowledge and literacy of folk music culture. This laid a solid foundation for future music creation. In addition, in art practice, in order to popularize art and reach the masses, teachers and students often go deep into local rural areas to perform and create performances. Lu Yi formed a chorus team and a yangko team. Organize drama troupes, singing troupes, work troupes, etc. to go to various rural areas and streets to promote anti-Japanese activities. [4] Go deep into the masses and perform live performances in the streets and alleys. Going deep into the rear areas of the Anti-Japanese War not only performed performances but also used music to infect the people, publicized some ideas about the party, participated in the party’s education, and vigorously supported and fulfilled the party’s obligations. education. The practical activities of Lu Yi are a means and tool, and the purpose of these practices is to better serve war and politics. [5] The practice of Lu Yi is not limited by location. For example, the performance of "Brothers and Sisters Opening up Wasteland" was held in the square street, and was performed by Li Bo and Wang Dahua of Lu Yi. Wang Dahua, Wang Jiayi and others performed "Zhang Pimo Picks Up the Rape" outside the South Gate, Zhang Lu and Xiong Saisheng and others performed "Couple's Escape" in the northern suburbs. These performances were relatively down-to-earth and easily accepted by the masses.

4. The Enlightenment of Luyi Music Education to Contemporary Higher Music Education As one of the four majors in Yan'an Luyi, the Luyi Music Department has cultivated a large number of literary and artistic propagandists with high political literacy, strong professional skills and down-to-earth style. Cadres, he created a large number of inspiring and motivating musical works, which not only contributed a lot to the Anti-Japanese War, but also provided an example for modern music education in China. Lu Yi’s music education has had an important and far-reaching impact on the development of contemporary music education. Luyi music education adheres to the spirit of self-reliance and hard work. Using music to promote the Yan'an spirit has extremely important practical significance and also plays an important guiding role in contemporary higher music education. Luyi music education is a chapter in China’s Anti-Japanese War culture and an important stage in the history of China’s higher music education. Under the influence of political factors, Luyi's music education conformed to the trend of social development, conformed to the reality of China's Anti-Japanese War, and satisfied the thirst for music of people from all walks of life, thus achieving great success. From the perspective of Luyi music education, it has important implications for our contemporary music education. First of all, contemporary higher music education should reflect the political propositions of the Communist Party of China, conform to the fundamental interests and requirements of the broad masses, and reflect the social function of contemporary music education. Secondly, it must follow the school-running policies and talents of the Luyi Music Department We will start from various aspects such as training model, education system and content arrangement, and music creation, and learn from its successful experience. [6] Luyi’s music education pays special attention to practice. The practice of Luyi’s music education is not only the display of students’ academic studies, but also the process of students’ learning. However, the practical activities of contemporary higher music education are mainly limited to school music activities. Therefore, contemporary music education should learn from and learn from the characteristics of Luyi's emphasis on practical art. Shift from “granting knowledge” to “creating knowledge”. In short, in the current ever-changing and fiercely competitive world, my country’s higher music education must inherit Luyi’s music education and continuously promote the development of my country’s higher music education.

Source: Northern Music