1. Li Bai's "Hearing the Flute in Luo City on a Spring Night":

The sound of someone's jade flute floats darkly, spreading into the spring breeze all over Luo City.

In this nocturne, when you hear the willow tree breaking, who can’t help but feel the love of hometown?

To understand the meaning of "breaking willow" in the title, the key is to understand the image of "willow". The texts that students have learned include some common ancient poems, such as "The dawn wind wanes on the bank of willows" (Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling"), "I heard the broken willows in the flute, but I have never seen the spring scenery" (Li Bai's "Song Xiaqu") "), "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass" (Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci"), I have passed away in the past, and the willows are still there" ("The Book of Songs: Plucking Wei"). There are also the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Drum Horn Horizontal Blowing Music" There is "Breaking Willow Branches", the lyrics are: "When you mount your horse, you don't catch the whip, but instead bend the willow branches." Dismount and play the flute, worried about killing the guests. ”

From this we can understand that the word “willow” in ancient poetry has a special meaning. “Liu”, which is soft and graceful and swings with the wind, is a homophony of “liu”. In addition, the ancients also used the word "liu" to break the willow. The custom of seeing off can easily be extended to the level of "willow - stay - say goodbye - reluctant to leave", which reminds people that when parting people see willow, they will think of the scene of reluctant to leave. , the scene of giving willows and saying farewell will emerge, and a wisp of sadness will arise in the heart. In this way, the meaning of "parting willows and cherishing the distance" contained in the poem will be easier to understand.

2. Walking alone by the river in search of flowers

Du Fu

Huang Si’s family home is full of flowers,

Thousands of flowers are hanging low on the branches.

Liulian dances with butterflies dancing all the time,

The orioles are singing at ease

[Brief analysis]

The first year of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (760 AD). ) After the poet Du Fu lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, he built a thatched cottage on the bank of Huanhua River in the western suburbs. He temporarily had a place to stay and felt relatively comfortable. When the flowers were blooming in the spring, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers, and wrote this. "Looking for Flowers Alone by the River" is the sixth of a set of seven quatrains.

The first sentence, "Huang Si's house is full of flowers," points out the location of the search for flowers. "The path is full of flowers" means that the path is covered with flowers. The second sentence is "thousands of flowers are pressing down on the branches." "Thousands of flowers are overwhelming the branches." The words "press" and "low" in the sentence are used very appropriately and vividly, vividly describing the dense layers of spring flowers, which are so big and numerous that they bend the branches so heavily. This sentence is the word "man" in the previous sentence. Concrete. The third sentence "Lingering and dancing at all times" describes the way the butterflies fly around and are reluctant to leave. This sentence describes the bright and fragrant spring flowers from the side. In fact, the poet is also attracted by the colorful spring flowers. The fourth sentence is "The oriole cries at ease". "Jiao" refers to the soft and mellow song of the oriole. It means that when the poet comes to enjoy the flowers, the oriole is also singing because of the joy in his heart. , so it is taken for granted that the oriole sings specifically for herself. This is the same as the previous sentence about the colorful butterflies lingering on the spring flowers. Because the poet successfully used this technique to blend the objects and me, the scene is intertwined. This little poem is more intimate and interesting to read.

3. Wanglu Mountain Waterfall

Li Bai

The sun shines on the incense burner and the purple smoke rises, and the waterfall hangs in front of the river.

Flying down three thousand feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen from the sky.

Xianglu refers to Xianglu Peak of Lushan Mountain. "In the northwest of Lushan Mountain, its peak is round and the smoke and clouds gather and scatter like a wave." "It looks like a mountain incense burner" (Music History "Taiping Huanyu Ji"). However, in the writings of the poet Li Bai, it became a different scene: an incense burner standing high on the sky, slowly rising into the clouds of white smoke, misty in the blue sky of the green mountains. During this time, it turns into a purple cloud under the rays of the red sun. This not only makes Xianglu Peak more beautiful, but also full of romanticism, creating an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet moved his sight to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Looking at the waterfall from a distance, Guaqianchuan", the first four characters are the title; "Guaqianchuan", this is the first image of "looking", the waterfall is like a huge white chain hanging high between the mountains and rivers.

The word "hang" is very wonderful. It turns movement into stillness, vividly showing the image of the pouring waterfall in "distant viewing". Who can "hang" this giant thing? "What a great creation!" Therefore, the word "hang" also contains the poet's praise of the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying down three thousand feet", each stroke is swaying and every word is sonorous and powerful. The word "fly" describes the scene of the waterfall gushing out very vividly; the word "straight down" not only describes the height and steepness of the mountain, but also shows the rapidity of the water flow. The unstoppable plummeting from high in the sky is as if it is before your eyes. However, the poet still felt that it was not enough, and then wrote another sentence: "It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky." It really wants to fall outside the sky, which is shocking to the soul. "Suspected yes" is worthy of careful consideration. The poet clearly said it in a daze, and the readers knew it was not the case, but they all felt that only writing in this way would be more vivid and realistic. The mystery lies in the fact that the poet's previous description has already given birth to this idea. An image. Look! The towering Xianglu Peak is hidden in the clouds and mist. Looking at the waterfall from a distance, it looks like it is flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky. This naturally reminds us that it looks like a Milky Way falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor "suspected of the Milky Way falling into the sky" is strange, it does not come out of thin air in the poem, but arises naturally from the depiction of the image. It is exaggerated yet natural, novel yet real, thus inspiring the whole article and making the whole image more colorful, majestic and magnificent. It not only leaves a deep impression on people, but also leaves room for imagination and shows that It shows Li Bai's artistic style of "a sudden drop of thousands of miles, but still strong at the end".

4. Spring remnant

Weng Hong

It is spring remnant again, how to get out of the green curtain.

The fallen flower man is independent, and the little swift bird flies together.

My soul is about to die, and my dreams are no longer the same after so many years.

It’s a sad evening, and the cicadas shine at dusk.

The poem is about a woman who is pregnant with someone in late spring. The first sentence question is written in an eclectic way. In a sentence, it starts with the word "you" and ends with the word "ye", and uses an adverb and a modal particle together, which is rare in poetry. However, the author used it very naturally, making the sentence abrupt, strengthening the tone, intensifying the sadness of the heroine in the poem, and covering the whole poem, which can be regarded as a novel writing method. The word "you" also corresponds to the word "Jing Nian" below, implying that the woman parted with her lover at this time last year, so she is particularly sensitive to phenological changes. The second sentence "How to get out of the green curtain", "How", has an unbearable meaning. Judging from the first sentence, this woman was experiencing the pain of separation at this time last year. A year later, the memory is still fresh, and now, at this time and place, how dare she be there again and experience such pain again! So I dare not wear the green curtain. I contacted the next couplet again and found out that I didn’t dare to come out but actually came out anyway. When people are extremely depressed, they are often in such self-contradiction. This vividly portrays the woman's dreamy and intoxicated demeanor, thus highlighting how profound her longing is.

5. "Thinking of Parting"

Once upon a time, the sea was difficult to overcome, except for Wushan, it was nothing but clouds. After picking up a bunch of flowers, I looked back lazily, half destined to practice Taoism and half destined to be a king.

After seeing Canghai and Wushan, I feel that the sea and clouds in other places are not so good

Although the flowers are beautiful, I am too lazy to look at them. Half of my love is still with my sweetheart

I don’t want to find a new love

6. Guests arrive

Du Fu

There is spring water in the south and north of the house, but I see a flock of gulls coming every day .

The flower path has never been swept by visitors, and now the gate is opened for you.

Panxiang City has far less flavor, and the bottle and wine shops are poor and only have old fermented grains.

I am willing to drink with my neighbor and call across the fence to take the remaining cup.

This is a chronicle poem filled with a rich flavor of life, expressing the poet's honest and simple character and welcoming mood. The author's own note: "I am happy that Cui Mingfu has passed by", which briefly explains the meaning of the title.

The first and second sentences start with the outdoor scenery, indicating the time and place of the guest's visit and the author's state of mind on the eve of the visit. "There are spring waters in the south and north of the house", which expresses the environment surrounded by green water and rippling spring in a very beautiful and lovely way. This is the Chengdu Thatched Cottage near the river.

The word "Jiu" implies the scene of the spring river overflowing, giving people a sense of the vastness and vastness of the river. Flocks of gulls were often the companions of hermits by the waterside in the ancient writings. Their arrival "every day" highlighted the tranquility and tranquility of the environment, adding a sense of seclusion to the author's life. "But see" has an overtone: a flock of gulls is cute, but not seeing other visitors is too monotonous! In this way, the author blends emotions into the scenery, expressing his lonely mood in the leisurely Jiangcun. This subtly pave the way for the welcoming mood that runs throughout the poem.

The chin couplet turns the brush strokes to the courtyard, leading to the "guest arrival". The author adopts the tone of conversation with the guests, which enhances the real life experience of the conversation between the guests and the host. The previous sentence said that the courtyard paths covered with flowers and plants have not been cleaned to welcome guests. The next sentence says that the door of the house, which has always been closed, was opened for the first time today by your Cui Ming Mansion. In the midst of loneliness, the host, who has always been leisurely and calm, couldn't help but be overjoyed when the guests arrived. These two sentences, set against each other, are deeply emotional. In the previous sentence, not only does the guest not come often, but also the host does not easily extend the guest's wishes. Today, the "jun" comes, which further shows the deep friendship between the two and makes the subsequent hearty and joyful experience possible. The "now is the beginning" in the second sentence makes the meaning of the previous sentence more detached, complementing the first couplet.

The above fictitiously writes that guests are here, and the following turns to actual writing of "hospitality". The author abandons other plots and selects the life scenes that best show the friendship between the guest and the host. He paints them with heavy pen and thick ink. "Panxiang City is far from having both delicious food and wine, and the bottle wine shop is poor and only old fermented grains." It makes us seem to see the author inviting guests to dinner and frequently urging people to drink, and hear the author's words of apology for the lack of abundant food and wine: It is really inconvenient to go shopping far away from the market. , the dishes are very simple, and I can’t afford expensive wine, so I have to use home-brewed old wine. Please feel free to use it! Homely words sound very cordial, and we can easily feel the host's sincere hospitality and apology for not being able to do what he or she wants. We can also appreciate the deep friendship between host and guest. There is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines.

The feeling of "guest arrival" seems to have been written here. If we describe the joyful scene from the front, it will be obvious and tasteless. However, the poet cleverly uses "I am willing to drink with my neighbor across the fence." "Take up the rest of the cup" ended, pushing the atmosphere at the table to a more enthusiastic climax. The poet shouted loudly and asked his neighbor to drink with him. This detailed description is exquisite and realistic. As you can imagine, the two close friends became more and more enthusiastic as they drank. The more they drank, the more excited and cheerful the atmosphere became. As far as writing is concerned, the last two sentences are really a turn of events and a new realm.

7. Luchai [Wang Wei]

No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but people can hear their voices. Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the green moss again.

[Brief Analysis] This poem "Deer and Chai" is an important representative work in Wang Wei's landscape poetry. It expresses the poet's pursuit and love for the ethereal realm in nature, which is also his pleasure in living in seclusion in Wangchuan River. one. The main feature of this poem is that it is filled with a painterly realm. Liu Chenweng, a native of the Song Dynasty, said in Volume 39 of "Collection of Tang Poems": "It is silent but has a painterly meaning." Volume 19 of Shen Deqian's "Tang Shi Bie Cai" of the Qing Dynasty developed Liu's theory and said: "The beauty is not in the language, it is the same as Tao Gong's 'picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan'." Wang Wei's poem is similar to Tao Yuanming's ethereal, Seclusion is a similar state. That is to say, the advantage of this poem lies in what Su Shi said when commenting on Wang Wei, "there are paintings in the poems". Although no one is seen in the empty mountain in the first two sentences, "no one is seen in the empty mountain", which describes the tranquility of the mountain forest. The last two sentences describe the light returning to the deep forest and illuminating the moss. This is the scene seen by the protagonist in the scroll. The combination of the two creates an excellent picture of people and scenery interdependent. The important artistic technique of this poem is contrast, which is used to highlight the central content that the poet wants to describe, which is the word "solitude", which is expressed in the first two sentences as "no one is seen" and in the last two sentences as "on the moss". In the first two sentences, the poet's purpose is to write that he "sees no people" in the mountain, so the mountain is just an "empty" mountain. Then a sound of "human voice" broke through the tranquility of the mountain forest. This technique is a contrast. This is consistent with the famous sentence "Mountains are more secluded when birds sing" written by Wang Ji, a Liang native in the Southern Dynasties, who uses the sound of birds to reflect the tranquility of the mountains. Similarly, the poet's purpose in the last two sentences is to write about the dark scenery in the deep forest, that is, to highlight the "secluded" scenery "on the moss".

But he did not directly describe the darkness of the entire mountain forest, but let a ray of light shine into the depths of the forest and still shine on the moss. This gives the reader the feeling that the bright is self-evident, and the quiet place is self-evident. It is secluded, and in comparison with this enlightened person, the secluded place appears even more secluded. This poem reflects the poet's love for nature and his weariness with the worldly officialdom.

Staying in Jiandejiang [Meng Haoran]

Moving the boat to Yanzhu, the guests are worried about the new arrival at dusk. The trees are low in the open sky, and the clear moon on the river is close to the people.

[Brief analysis] There are many works in Tang poetry that reflect the sorrow of traveling and homesickness. This poem describes the poet's homesickness during his journey. The lyrical focus of the whole poem lies in the three words "guest sorrow is new" in the second sentence. The beginning of the poem hints at the poet's melancholy, which is most likely to arouse the wanderer's homesickness at this time. In the second sentence, the poet uses the word "new" to describe the sudden onset of melancholy. The word "new" in the poem can be interpreted as "new birth" or "sudden birth". The last two sentences describing the scenery are both derived from the three characters "Ke Zou Xin". Because its background is so vast and boundless, it is often reflected as being particularly short, as if it has been squashed by the sky and the earth. This is the "tree low in the sky". The artistic conception of three words. The poet uses the exaggerated style of writing that Mu Tian can push down a lone tree to vividly describe the depressed mood in his heart. This is the desolation of not seeing his relatives. "The river is clear and the moon is close to people" means that because the river is clean, the reflection of the moon in the water appears big and round. When people look at it from a boat, they feel that it seems to be particularly close to them. The poet also gives deep emotion to this sentence, that is, he writes about its spirituality with the closeness of the moon. It seems to understand the poet's inextricable nostalgia and his inexorable homesickness, so it can be liberated from it. This is the meaning of the words "the moon is near the person". In this way, the last two sentences of this poem are not purely describing the scenery, but are scenery language permeated with the poet's strong emotional color, and are famous sentences with affection in the scenery. Zhang Qianyi of the Qing Dynasty wrote: "The word 'low' and the word 'near' are what people in the Song Dynasty call poetic eye, but there is no trace of it. This is the beauty of Tang poetry." A bright moon hangs in the sky, but it is also considerate, seeming to be more and more connected with the poet. Coming closer and closer, adding a sense of warmth and intimacy to the poet in the loneliness. The sadness of this poem shows its elegance when read, and the word "new" can also be seen that in the journey of life, different feelings arise at any time, and will eventually be accompanied by the bright moon, but it is the unchanging emotional comfort of life.

8. Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower [Wang Changling]

I entered Wu in the cold and rainy night, and saw off my guest Chu Shangu in the bright light. Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a heart filled with ice in a jade pot.

[Brief Analysis] Wang Changling is known as the "Sage of the Seven Absolutes" of the Tang Dynasty. His Seven Absolutes are written with deep feelings, resentment, and infinite implications, and are highly praised by the world. This poem is a farewell poem with high artistic quality and distinctive personality. Wang Changling wrote this poem during the tenure of Jiang Ningcheng, after the first year of Tianbao (742). Prior to this, Wang Changling was demoted to Lingnan from his post as Sishui Wei in the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739). Shou was demoted to Jiangning as county magistrate. In the seventh year of Zhi Tianbao (748), he was demoted to the remote Longbiao area (now Qianyang, Hunan Province). He was repeatedly criticized and had a bad career. Yin, a contemporary of Wang Changling, said in "He Yue Huang Ling Ji": "Chang Ling is a man with more than enough benevolence. However, if he does not act carefully in the late season, slanders will boil over, and he will experience the wilderness again, making those who know him sigh." The meaning is In his later years, Wang Changling did not pay attention to details, which aroused everyone's discussion and was demoted to a remote place twice. In fact, it is not Wang Changling's fault. This is just from Wang Changling's poems of "fear of slander" ("Giving Zhang to the Envoy of Yan") and "the world is full of right and wrong" ("Send Master Dong Lin Lian back to Mount Lu"). The envoy can know that it is actually because his arrogant character is not in line with the world. The description of the windy and rainy scenery in the first two sentences of this poem can be said to be a visual representation of the poet's dangerous situation. Faced with the description of the cold rain lonely mountain that contains rich connotations, one can only regard the cold rain lonely mountain as an artistic expression of the dangerous situation. : Cold rain refers to the rumors in society, and Gushan refers to one's own power and weakness. Only in this way can it be more closely connected with the following text, and can better express the poet's mentality of asking others to understand at this moment. The poem "A heart of ice is in a jade pot" has now become a famous line, but it also has its roots. Lu Ji's "Ode to the Meritorious Officials of Han Emperor Gaozu" has "the heart is like holding ice", where ice is compared to the purity of the heart. Bao Zhao's "Baitou Yin" says: "Straight as a red silk rope, as clear as ice in a jade pot", which uses ice as a metaphor for a person's innocence.

Yao Chong's preface to "Curling Commandments" says: "The cave is clear and flawless, the sky is clear and you can see the bottom, and when you are an official, you are like this! Therefore, you have the purity of ice on the inside and the jade on the outside. This is the virtue of a gentleman curling." "This uses ice to compare the integrity of an official. In terms of image design, Wang Changling's "A Heart of Ice in a Jade Pot" can integrate the best of ancient and modern times. In terms of content expansion, it can be used to express his own purity and integrity and make breakthroughs, so it is particularly valued by later generations. The meaning of farewell in the whole poem is not the other words, but the expression of the noble sentiments and aspirations of the poet. Although it reveals the author's resentment over his frustrated fate, the last two sentences deepen the theme and bring the poet's personality and poetry into a different world. The highest realm, so it is unique and unique, becoming a splendid song.

9. Liangzhou Song [Wang Han]

The luminous cup of grape wine reminds you to drink pipa immediately. Lord Don't laugh while lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times?

[Brief analysis] This poem belongs to the famous seven-character poems of the edge competition in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The subject of poetry has always been highly controversial and a source of considerable thought. When the poet was writing the article, he started with drinking, and placed three exquisite things, namely grapes, fine wine, and a luminous cup, in the first sentence of the poem. This gave the whole poem a radiant atmosphere at the beginning. The brilliant atmosphere creates a silent and seductive feeling for readers, setting the tone for the following lyricism. At the same time, the grapes, fine wine and luminous cups in the first sentence all come from the Western Regions, "so they are all local scenery, consistent with the mood of the frontier fortress" (Shen Zu's "A Brief Interpretation of the Seven Unique Poems of the Tang Dynasty"), this is one of them. In addition, it should also be noted that these three objects were imported from abroad since the pre-Qin Dynasty. Now, on the eve of the expedition, the soldiers are asked to hold luminous cups and drink grape wine. The implicit meaning is very obvious. I just wish them to defeat the foreign enemies as soon as possible and achieve greater victory. In this way, in the discussion of the main lyrical tendency of this poem, this poem should be regarded as expressing the heroic and unruly spirit of the generals in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition to the above two paragraphs that can be used as arguments, there are also the following bases. First of all, "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" commented on Wang Han's poems and said that his works have "many magnificent words". The first sentence is exactly related to the word "Li", and the next two sentences are exactly related to the word "Zhuang". Secondly, when Shi Buhua commented on this poem in "Xian Maid Poems", he said: "If it is written in a sad language, it will be easy to read, but if it is written in a humorous language, it will be wonderful to read. It is up to the scholar to understand." This means that this poem should be read as a sad language. , but if this is the case, the point will be lost, so it is "shallow". And if it is read as a "joke", it means that you don't take "how many people will return" to your heart, and just mount your horse and charge to kill, the victory will belong to you. In this way, the poet's heroic ambitions are expressed through "jokes", so it is "wonderful". Since ancient times, how many people can survive on the battlefield? However, the fate and honor of soldiers are closely connected with the battlefield. This is the unavoidable fate of soldiers. Whether it is heroic or desolate, it is left to the readers to think and understand. This poem is also due to the theme of the poem. It is thought-provoking and adds to the artistic charm and appeal.

10. Wuyi Alley [Liu Yuxi]

There are wild grasses and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge, and the sun sets at the entrance of Wuyi Alley. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people.

[Brief Analysis] This is a popular nostalgic poem. The poet uses a high degree of artistic method to express the vicissitudes of looking back on the present and the past, and reveals the sense of the impermanence of the world. This poem is the second in the "Five Topics of Jinling" series. It depicts the great changes in Wuyi Lane by Zhuque Bridge in the past and present, and describes the desolation of Jinling City. It reveals that although the feudal wealthy group can have power for a while, it will eventually There is no escaping the end of decline. The poem expresses the vicissitudes of life, the ups and downs, and the profound meaning. This is an ancient poem, but its writing method is very different from ordinary nostalgic poems. The poem focuses on the swallow, and its owner changes from a rich man to a commoner. It expresses the poet's feelings about the past and present after recalling the historical relics of Jinling, so it is very unique. Now the poet says that the swallows come again, but the people they live in are very different from before, and they have turned into ordinary civilians, thus expressing the poet's sense of the vicissitudes of history. This makes the artistic conception unclear. Some people do not understand Shi Buya's statement. He thinks that "the meaning of the poem is very clear, and it expresses the difference between the present and the past from the swallow. ... The poet (this alludes to Shi Buya) always misinterprets the poet's meaning, and uses this One example to summarize the rest.

"Liu Yuxi was able to use the behavior of swallows to express the changes in human affairs in this poem, so he was highly praised by later generations. For example, Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty said in his poem "Qinyuanchun": "Beside the Suzaku Bridge, who knows the way, the weeds "The spring swallows fly in the setting sun", which expresses his sincere admiration for Liu Yuxi's poem. In the poem, the two place names of Wuyi Lane and Zhuque Bridge, as well as the two past nobles of the Wang family and the Xie family, and the prosperous changes in human affairs in these two places are described. The impermanence of life and destiny. The poem is written from the side, expressing the feelings of the past and the present through the scenery in front of the eyes. It is implicit and profound, and is praised by later generations.

11. Spring View [Du Fu]

The country is broken. The mountains and rivers are here, and the trees are deep in the spring. The flowers are splashing with tears, and the birds are frightened by the flames of war for three months. ] In July of the first year of Emperor Suzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu was eager to serve his country and resolutely bid farewell to his family and went to Lingwu. Unexpectedly, he was captured by the Anshi rebels on the way and brought to Chang'an. During his days in Chang'an, the poet witnessed this rebellion. In the spring of the next year, although it was a beautiful season of flowers and birds singing, what the poet saw before his eyes was that the once prosperous capital was now overgrown with weeds and desolate. . Feeling sad about the scene, I wrote this famous patriotic poem. It should be said that the sadness and homesickness here are closely connected with the concern for the country; and the description of the emotion and scene are also. The first four sentences of the poem describe the fall of the spring city, which is full of sadness; the last four sentences describe the situation of missing relatives, which is full of grief. The first couplet of the poem uses solemn words and dual sentence patterns. , describes the shocking desolation caused by the war in the country, but in this desolation, it seems upright and upright, which contains the word "in" in "the country is broken but the mountains and rivers are still there". It still exists, indicating that ZTE is hopeful, which reveals the poet's firm belief in the reunification of the country. However, after all, the mountains and rivers are broken, and the city walls are in ruins, so the second couplet closely follows the poetic meaning of "Spring Look", with the flowers and birds moving with sadness. The poet expresses the poet's sadness about the national affairs in the scenery, which is implicit and thoughtful, and has a deep and graceful charm. The sentence "Farewell" further deepens the poet's sorrowful feelings about farewell. These two sentences express the urgent mood of longing for news from relatives after no news for a long time. The language is simple and the feelings are sincere. They are quite popular among future generations. They connect the fate of the individual with the fate of the country. It is sincere and natural, and finally ends with "the hairpin is scratched even shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust". It is by no means just expressing sadness for one's own aging, but also worrying that one is aging and cannot contribute to the country. This is the real sadness. . This not only structurally echoes the grief and indignation of the first couplet, but also expresses the poet's patriotic feelings extremely vividly and profoundly. The whole poem has concise language, exquisite contrast, blending of scenes, and is a perfect blend of five-character poetry. A model work. "

12. Farewell to a friend [Li Bai]

Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds the east city. This place is a different place, and I can conquer thousands of miles alone. The wandering clouds convey the love of an old friend. I waved my hand and went away, and the horses roared.

[Brief analysis] Li Bai's poem to bid farewell to his friends has smooth and lively language and sincere affection. It expresses his deep affection for his friends. The sentiment is gentle and the artistic conception is lofty. The couplets of the poem use brightly colored couplets to indicate the place of farewell and also imply farewell feelings. This green mountain and white water, isn't it possible to gather together happily, but now we have to part ways, it is really sad. The following couplet, in flowing sentences, narrates the story of the long separation and expresses the attachment and concern for the friend. The third couplet is filled with infinite affection, one describing the wanderer's erratic whereabouts in the future, and the other describing his own feelings of parting at this moment. The metaphors of floating clouds and setting sun not only visualize the beautiful feelings for friends, but also make them more profound. Although the last couplet expresses one's feelings directly, it still contains infinite emotions. The use of allusions here is natural. "Wave your hand and go away, Xiaoxiao class horse roars." The green mountains and white waters contrast with each other, the red sun and white clouds reflect each other, and the realm is completely revealed. The long-singing horse adds to the vitality of the picture. The beauty of nature and the beauty of human emotions are intertwined and flow naturally, disdaining to be bound by rules, exuding an air of elegance, and the farewell affection will not end with the departure of friends.

13. Ancient Military Excursions [Li Qi]

Going up the mountain to watch the beacon fire during the day, drinking horses and crossing the river at dusk. Pedestrians are fighting in the wind and the sand is dark, and the princess Pipa is full of resentments. There is no castle for thousands of miles while camping, and rain and snow fall all over the desert. Hu Yan flew away every night crying, Hu Er shed tears. If you hear that the jade gate is still covered, you should throw your life away. Every year the bones of the war are buried outside, and it is rare to see grapes entering the Han family.

[Brief analysis] "Conducting the Army" belongs to the old title of Yuefu's "Xianghege·Pingdiaoqu", which mostly writes about the bitterness and resentment of joining the army. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Tang Xuanzong and Li Longji, the wars fought in the northwest frontier of the motherland were relatively complex in nature, some were self-defense, and some were provocations. Judging from the content of this poem, it is against unjust wars. Just for the emperor's selfish interests, starting the war has no benefit except sacrificing the vast number of soldiers. "Every year the bones of war are buried in the wilderness, but grapes are rarely seen entering the Han family," referring to the Tang Dynasty through Han Dynasty. This condemnation is sharp and severe. Therefore, Shen Deqian said: It is a mistake to exchange human lives for things outside the Great Wall. I wrote this poem as a warning to those who open the border. "Collection of Tang Poems" At the same time, in the poem, the author also expressed his deep sympathy for the misfortunes suffered by the ethnic minority people in the northwest frontier due to this unjust war. Hu Yan flew away every night with a mournful cry, and Hu Er shed tears. It was sincere and touching, which was rare and valuable in the feudal era. The whole poem can integrate reality and historical events, not only vividly showing the typical scene of the lonely desert thousands of miles away, but also expressing the poet's strong feelings through the mutual misery and resentment of the Han and Hu armies and the sharp contrast with the bones and grapes. The critical spirit, in terms of art, has four verses and one rhyme, alternating between straight and oblique, and the tone is naturally exciting; and it often uses repeated words and dual sentence patterns, and the mood of the poem is swaying. It is a frontier poem with profound ideological content in the Tang Dynasty.

14. Drinking alone under the moon [Li Bai]

A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any blind date. Raise a glass to invite the bright moon, and make three people in the shadows. The moon doesn't know how to drink, and its shadow follows me. For now, the moon will be shadowed, and we must have fun until spring. My singing moon lingers, my dancing shadows are scattered. They make love together when they are awake, but they separate when they are drunk. We will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in Miao Yunhan.

[Brief analysis] Li Bai gave up on his talent, his political ideals could not be realized, and he felt lonely and depressed. In this poem, the poet further refers to the bright moon as his close friend and expresses his feelings for the moon. "Drinking Alone under the Moon" has four poems, and this is the first one. The poem expresses the depression of being unable to meet a close friend. The poem rises suddenly, speaks directly from the heart, and expresses a kind of lonely and lonely thoughts and feelings. This feeling of loneliness cannot be driven away. So the poet used the imagination of strange objects and vivid descriptions, and regarded the bright moon as a close friend, inviting each other to drink. At the same time, he also whimsically regarded his figure as a kindred and knowledgeable person, and invited him to have a drink. But the moon does not know how to drink, and the shadow follows it, which further highlights the poet's loneliness. As Sun Zhu said: "The title book is drinking alone, and the poem is imaginary with three people. The moon shadow accompanies the story, and repeated inferences make it more and more unique. " (Volume 1 of "Three Hundred Tang Poems") Because they have known each other for a long time, the poet has to take the bright moon and the shadow as his companion, singing to the moon and dancing to the shadow to relieve his deep depression. The connection will further lead to the everlasting friendship with the bright moon and the figure, and we will meet and travel in the distant blue sky in the future. This shows the poet's strong dissatisfaction with the dirty reality and his yearning for freedom and light in loneliness. This five-character poem has a novel concept, wonderful imagination, and profound emotions. It is a masterpiece with unique charm among Li Bai's lyric poems. The poet placed himself in the beautiful scenery of a good time, and tried his best to exaggerate the quiet atmosphere. In the sharp contrast of tones, he expressed his deep lamentation that although the beautiful scenery is there, it is difficult to find a close friend. From an artistic point of view, the conception of this poem is very sublime. In the continuous song and loop, the poet's emotions are expressed vividly. The seemingly cheerful words express a deep feeling of loneliness, thus forming a melody throughout the poem. The whole poem is composed continuously, vertically and horizontally, creating a novel and profound artistic conception, from which we can see his immortal talent and superhuman writing power.

15. Farewell [Wang Wei]

I got off my horse and drank your wine, and asked you where you were. You are dissatisfied with your words and return to the south mountain frontier. But don’t ask again, the white clouds are endless.

[Brief analysis] This farewell poem was originally said to be written when Meng Haoran returned to Nanshan.

This poem expresses the author's desire to go into seclusion and his reluctant farewell to his friend's departure by writing about sending his friend off to seclusion. The whole poem uses questions and answers to say goodbye, which can be said to be unique and unconventional. The first sentence, "Dismount from your horse and drink your wine," has a simple narrative and clever topic. It is not difficult to see from this that the friendship between the two is not only the best among academics, but also the most ordinary people. At the same time, in terms of composition, these two sentences also form a straight line, making the succession and transition of the last two sentences very natural. The valuable thing is that the poet cleverly answers the questions and answers in the first four sentences, leading to the final words of consolation to the friend to go back to the mountains and forests, and relax and be at ease. Such implicit and interesting poems make the whole article colorful. These two lines are the main theme of the whole poem. Shen Deqian said it well: "The white clouds are endless, enough to entertain yourself, don't say that you are not satisfied." ("Tang Poetry Collection") This also expresses the poet's desire to stay away from the world, whistling and flying Lin Quan's yearning and pursuit of reclusive life. Throughout the poem, the material selection is plain but the conception is clever, and the language is simple but full of affection. In terms of expression, the poetic flavor of the first four sentences seems to be very weak, but from the changes in the narrative, question and answer, it is not difficult for us to realize the author's superb creative skills.

16. In summer, the South Pavilion is full of beauty [Meng Haoran]

The mountain light suddenly sets in the west, and the moon in the pond gradually rises in the east. Enjoy the evening coolness, open the pavilion and lie down in the open space, the lotus breeze brings fragrance, and the bamboo dew drops make a clear sound. I want to play the harp, but I hate the ignorance of the music. Feeling nostalgic for my old friend, I spend my whole night dreaming.

[Brief analysis] This five-character ancient poem about enjoying the coolness on a summer night and remembering friends is also a famous piece that is light but interesting, fresh and integrated. This poem expresses the poet's deep thoughts about his friends in the description of enjoying the cool air in summer. The poet created a quiet and tranquil artistic conception through his true feelings about the objective scenery and the leisurely and comfortable life of seclusion. The poem is written in Xia Xi, but it is very unique. The poet does not directly write about the setting sun in the west and the bright moon rising in the east. Instead, he writes about seeing the sun setting on the mountain and feeling that it is evening. The word "suddenly" is used here to indicate that the setting sun sets quickly in the west, which is also the poet's subjective feeling. As night falls, the bright moon rises slowly from the east of the pond, and the distant view is close-up. The word "gradually" is used, which is the poet's real feeling. In contrast to the "sudden" in the first sentence, it expresses the different states of the two moving scenes. This more vividly depicts the poet's leisurely and unfettered hermit spirit. The two sentences "The lotus breeze brings fragrance, the bamboo dew drops make a clear sound" have always been praised as the best sentences for describing the scene in detail. The breeze blows, bringing the rich fragrance of lotus. It is a quiet night and the sound of dew dripping on the green bamboo can be heard. What a lonely summer night! After careful observation, the poet chose the dynamic scenery and sounds that best reflect the tranquility to describe, and received the artistic effect of using movement to highlight the silence in a specific environment. It also reflected the calmness of the poet's secluded life. The last four sentences are about friends. On such a pleasant summer night, there are no close friends to talk about, and I want to play the piano to amuse myself, but there is no way to appreciate the music. The feeling of loneliness is doubled, and I miss my old friends even more, so that I dream about it all night long and the love trend. The whole poem is inspired by the scenery, has friendship with the scenery, blends the scenes, and creates a quiet artistic conception