the culture and origin of the she nationality is one of the 56 ethnic groups in China, and the legend originated from the Fenghuang mountain range in Chaozhou, Guangdong province. However, there are actually three sacred mountains in the legend of the she nationality:
Emperor Gaoxin was born in Shijie Mountain, and the bronze drum was played on the bronze drum to unify the she nationality for the first time, and Emperor Gaoxin fell off a cliff in Fenghuang Mountain and died
. It also evolved into the belief of the "Three Mountains King" of the Hakkas of the Han nationality. In fact, the belief of the "Three Mountains King" also originated from the legend of the She nationality
The three sacred mountains in the legend of the She nationality, one in Tangxi Town, one in Shatian Town and one in Liuliu Town
Chapter II: The Origin of the She Nationality
In fact, the She nationality is not an aboriginal in Chaojia area of eastern Guangdong. Their ancestors were recorded as "Five Creeks Man" in history. Yao people entered the western part of Guangdong through the eastern part of Guangxi. The ancestor of Yao nationality is said to be Pangu King, and there is also the legend of Pangu King in the legend of She nationality, and even the legend of Pangu King and the legend of Gao Xindi are merged into the "Legend of Dog King".
So she people worship dogs. But they also worship snakes, dragons and phoenixes, which are collectively called the four auspicious things.
Although the She people who are now living in other places usually think that they originated from the Phoenix Mountains in Chaozhou County, they actually formed here, in other words, she people only separated from Yao people in Fengshun and became an independent nation.
Chapter III: She Nationality and Hakka Nationality contended for land and then moved out
She Nationality (Yao Nationality) moved from central and western Guangdong and Hakka people moved from Fujian and Jiangxi to Guangdong almost at the same time, so a large-scale war broke out between the two ethnic groups, and then this war contributed to the differentiation of She Nationality from Yao Nationality and established the position of Hakka in eastern Guangdong. There is almost no She nationality in eastern Guangdong.
After the defeat of the She ethnic group, the She ethnic group also formed. After the formation of a single ethnic group, the She ethnic group mainly moved to Fujian and Zhejiang. Now there is only one autonomous county of the She ethnic group in Zhejiang Province, and the She ethnic group should be a minority with a small population, because there is only one autonomous county of the She ethnic group in China, and it is said that even in this county, the proportion of the She ethnic group is not very high, and the younger generation gradually cannot speak the She language, but can only speak "Jingning dialect".
In Guangdong Province, there is only one "township-level" She nationality township (larger than the "village"), and that is Zhangxi She nationality township in Dongyuan County, Heyuan City. There is only one village of She nationality in Fengshun, and only more than 2, of the village's population of more than 6, are She nationality, and this village is already the only place for ethnic minorities in Meizhou.
Chapter IV: Meizhou Today and Phoenix Culture
As far as Meizhou is concerned, only Fengshun County has ethnic minorities, Fengshun County has the largest number of Chaozhou speakers in Meizhou, and Fengshun also has Pantian people who speak semi-She and semi-Hakka.
Some people in Jiushe Village, Guangde Town, dapu county also speak Chaozhou.
the phoenix mountain ranges between dapu and fengshun in Meizhou and raoping and chaoan in Chaozhou. the main peak, also called "phoenix mountain", is the first peak in Chaoshan (1,496 meters) and the second peak in eastern Guangdong, second only to Tongguzhang (1,559 meters), but the highest peak in eastern Guangdong is not ranked among the top ten in Guangdong province.
dapu county and Fengshun are two counties originally belonging to Chaozhou, where Hakka is the mainstream. As early as the end of the Qing Dynasty, they were known to Beijingers as "Hakka counties in Chaozhou". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous people, such as He Ruzhang, the first ambassador to Japan, who fought for the recovery of Loochoo, an archipelago chain country off the East China Sea of China, and Ding Richang, the governor of Fujian Province (Taiwan Province) and a Nanyang navy figure of the Westernization School. Zhang Taiyan (Binglin), a master of Chinese studies, wrote a book entitled "Three States Outside the Ridge", in which three States refer to Huizhou, Chaozhou and Jiaying, and Chaozhou is now only remembered as Chaozhou. In fact, the so-called Chaozhou Hakka refers to Tai Po and Fengshun counties.
In modern times, Chaozhou Guild Hall in Shanghai is subdivided into: Chaoyang Huilai Branch, Haicheng Rao Branch and Jiepufeng Branch, among which Jiepufeng Branch includes Fengshun County. * * * meter "tide county eight cities".
dapu county is included in Chaozhou Jiuyi Guild Hall in Haifeng County, Huizhou Prefecture.
mzchen123 User's reply: According to the latest research, the birthplace of the She nationality is the current She River. She nationality is surrounded by a river, so it was later called She River.
She nationality is rare now, and it exists in counties such as Fengshun, Chao 'an, Zengcheng and Dongyuan in Guangdong, but the total number is very small.
Gao Xin Huang in the legend of She nationality is actually "Di ku (Ku)", one of the "three emperors and five emperors" in the ancient legend of Han nationality, also called Gao Xin. Di Ku and She people, one of the ancient ancestors of the She nationality, Pangu and the legend of the Han nationality "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", moved to Chaojia area in eastern Guangdong ... > >
The population of the She nationality in the culture of She nationality lived in southern Fujian, Chaoshan and other places at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces at the beginning of the 7th century, and migrated to central Fujian and northern Fujian in succession in the Song Dynasty, and appeared in mountainous areas in eastern Fujian and southern Zhejiang in large numbers around the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She nationality in northeast Jiangxi originally lived in Fenghuang Mountain in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, and later moved to Ninghua County in Tingzhou, Fujian Province, and moved to northeast Jiangxi after Song and Yuan Dynasties and before the middle of Ming Dynasty. She nationality in Anhui moved from Lanxi, Tonglu and Chun 'an counties in Zhejiang about 1 years ago. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the ancestors of the She nationality who lived in the mountainous areas bordering Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces had engaged in agricultural production and hunting activities. They colonized the land under extremely difficult conditions. In the Tang Dynasty, the central dynasty ruled in Zhangzhou and Tingzhou, Fujian Province, where the ancestors of the She nationality lived together, and implemented a series of measures to develop the economy, which further developed the economy of the She nationality, and the relationship between the She and Han nationalities became increasingly close. The establishment of government in Zhangting area of Tang Dynasty greatly accelerated the process of feudalization of She nationality. The feudal rulers deepened the exploitation and oppression of the She people, and also implemented a series of ethnic discrimination policies, treating them as "foreigners". She costumes are China's intangible cultural heritage. The traditional dress of She nationality is gorgeous and colorful, and its main feature is reflected in women's dress, which runs through the whole in the form of phoenix, so it is called "phoenix dress". "Phoenix costume" consists of costumes and headdresses. The traditional headdress is called "Fengguan", which consists of silver tongs, head, silver gold, national Zheng, Qixi brand, Qixizai, silver chain and ancient Chinese money. Clothing consists of tops, skirts, skirts, foot bindings, shoes, etc. Top coat: The top coat retains the classic cross collar, which is triangular, with the collar from the edge to the inner side, and red, white, yellow, green and blue stripes between them; The collar is embroidered with flowers or phoenix patterns in the middle of stripes; Embroider a flower or pattern in the triangle on the left and right sides of the chest; The sleeves are short and small, and the sleeves are also striped with five colors from the edge to the side; Arm and lapel are embroidered with various patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered. Skirt: The skirt is composed of two pieces of cloth, which are opened on the left and right sides and tied with the same color cloth to form buttons. There are regular vertical lines with different lengths under the skirt; The front of the skirt is embroidered with geometric patterns, but casual clothes are not embroidered. Waist skirt: Waist skirt, commonly known as waist, is a square shape with a side length of 3 to 35 cm, and a skirt is sewn at the top, left and right respectively. Foot binding: Foot binding means leggings. Integral triangle, tied into an inverted herringbone pattern, with a red belt sewn at the upper, left and right corners and the lower corners. The top of the ordinary dress is white, and the dressing room is embroidered with five-color stripes on all edges and at the calf position. Shoes: shoes are embroidered shoes, made of black cloth, with flowers and geometric patterns embroidered on the vamp first; Commonly known as "Melaleuca". With the changes of the times and the growth of social interaction, the female costumes of She nationality are becoming more and more rigid. She costumes and headdress making techniques have been included in the county-level intangible cultural heritage list, and the county * * * put forward the initiative of wearing traditional costumes on the first day of each week, which laid a solid foundation for the inheritance and promotion of traditional costumes. The literature of She nationality in China is composed of traditional folk literature and emerging writers' literature. In the folk literature of the She nationality, the mythical works about Pan Hu, the ancestor of the nation, attract people's attention. The works on this subject include the ancient mythical songs Pangu Song and Lin Bao Wang Song in rhyme style, as well as the mythical songs Gao Xin and the Dragon King and the Third Princess in prose style. These works are similar in content, and tell the story that Long Lin, the ancestor of the She nationality, married the third princess of Emperor Gao Xin because of his outstanding achievements in the war and gave birth to them. Narrative folk songs of She nationality, including Song of the Last Dynasty, Eighteen Emperors of Yuan Dynasty, Song of Famine, etc., involve important themes such as the rise and fall of feudal dynasties and civil disasters. Novel songs are a special form of folk literature of the She nationality. They are mostly narrative songs adapted from Han literature works by singers who know Chinese in the She nationality in the past two centuries, such as The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake, butterfly lovers, etc. There are also novel songs written based on the historical stories of the nation, such as Zhong Liangbie, Zhong Jingqi, Lan Dianwang, etc. The representative works of the folklore of She nationality include A Lang and Yuan Lian, Opening the Eye of the Sky, Rattan Bracelet and Bamboo Tube, etc. The folk stories "Selling Charcoal", "Shi Niu" and "Picking up Yuanbao", which spread in She nationality areas, embody the wisdom and moral concept of the working people. "Pangu Song" is an ancient folk myth song of She nationality in China. Also known as Song of the King of Pan Hu, Song of the Emperor and Song of the Ancestor. Spreading in the She nationality inhabited areas in southern Zhejiang Province and eastern Fujian Province, it is a rhyme-style myth about the origin of the She nationality with the original concept of totem worship. In the Western Han Dynasty, immortal floating hills > >
The Art of She Culture In the traditional culture of She nationality, folk songs play an important role as the most important oral literature of She people. She family members call folk songs "songs", and "songs" have been an indispensable part of her life since ancient times. In tune, the She folk songs in Luoyuan, Jingning, are local-centered, integrated with the tunes of Lianjiang, Jin 'an and the southwest of Ningde City, and form the "Luolian Tune", one of the three major tunes of the She folk songs in Fujian and Zhejiang. It is characterized by the close combination of tunes and lyrics, and the starting tone of each tune is determined according to the pronunciation tone of the initial words of each lyric, so people will naturally adjust the music score during singing. In the process of singing, each paragraph often changes its range and melody within the same mode tonality (pentatonic mode with wandering horns). The basic tone is "do, re, mi, sol, la", and the basic melody is "sol, mi, re, do", with more second and third steps and fourth jumps and some octaves. The speed of songs is generally relatively stable, and the style is simple and fresh. She folk songs include narrative songs, ancient songs, marriage songs, labor songs, ethical songs, ritual songs, novel songs, children's songs and so on, which cover almost the whole life of She people. Hu Shi said: "In the past, all kinds of things, from the great ideological and academic level to a single word and the fine folk song, are history and belong to the scope of Chinese studies." She folk songs are "living fossils" of She culture. We can find the origin of the She nationality from the ancient songs of Gao Huang Ge and Pangu Ge. The ancient She people began to multiply and develop from the four surnames of Pan, Lan, Lei and Zhong. From the ancient folk song "Song of Handle" of Lishui She people, we know how the early She people lived and how men and women worked together. We can see the wedding customs of the She nationality from the wedding songs of the She nationality, such as "Song of Drinking" and "Song of Borrowing Pots". We know the funeral customs and ancestor worship of She people from the lyrics of She people's funeral instrument "Leading the Soul" and "Crying Mother". We know the love, communication and other living conditions of the She people from many songs of the She people. The combination of man and art forms an artistic form, which develops dynamically, and she folk songs are inherited dynamically. We must respect the artistic standards of the original state of the artistic form and do not tamper with, distort or force the original form, so as to inherit the original artistic form to the greatest extent. She folk songs are rooted in the ecological and cultural environment suitable for her growth and survival. Protecting the ecological and cultural environment of She township is the greatest support for the inheritance of She folk songs. Chaoshan people call songs sung in dialects "She songs", regardless of ancient and modern times. The meaning of "She Song" is actually equivalent to "Chaozhou Song". The general format of She songs is: seven words are one sentence, four sentences are one "bar" (the first), and each bar becomes a musical section, that is, a Ye Yun unit. This format is still adopted by Chaozhou Song Album. As far as singing forms are concerned, there are "novel songs", "miscellaneous songs" and "fighting songs" Song of Emperor Gao and Song of King Lin Bao are both epics reflecting the heroic deeds of King Pan Hu. For example, "Song of the Emperor Gao" begins by saying, "When I first went out to court Gao Xin Huang, I came out to play and watch the farm. The queen had earache for three years, and the golden worm was dug up three inches long. Dig out the golden worm three inches long and put it on a gold plate to raise. Colorless and colorful, longan becomes litchi-like. ..... "The Dragon Period is also described as a magical animal" half like a unicorn and half like a leopard ",so Pan Hu's king song is also called" Song of the King of Our Leopard ". There are many different versions of "Gao Huang Ge" in various places, which just shows that she songs have a long history. Chaozhou Song Book has absorbed various forms of She songs. There is still a legacy of "fighting songs" in some remote villages in Chaoshan today. The preface of the bucket song often uses the prefix "five characters", such as a cloud: "She songs are miles away, and she loves to sing her songs (meaning" come near "); Fight for 1,8 miles, and don't sharpen your edges for a hundred or so. " Another example is: "She songs, alas, alas, love to fight her songs;" Fight for 1,8 miles, but don't grind for more than 1. " Then, the singers "fought" with each other. This form of fighting songs is the evolution and afterthought of the She people's poetry meeting. Because of the large dispersion, she nationality did not form its own economic market, so it did not form its own writing, only its own language, so its production skills and culture and art were basically in a state of example from generation to generation before liberation. She nationality is also a nation that is good at singing and dancing. Singing is more popular than dancing, and dancing is mainly contained in sacrificial activities. After liberation, with the help of Han writers and artists, a number of songs and dances were sorted out, and a number of new songs and dances that could be performed on the stage were created. In the old society, she dance was mainly contained in sacrificial activities, so some literary and art researchers said in the past that ... > >
what's the difference between she nationality and Han nationality? On the Differentiation between She and Han from the perspective of the She nationality in Chinese and the Han nationality in She nationality
Lan Wanqing
Am I a She nationality? Is my family the She nationality? What conditions do you have to become a She nationality, that is to say, what is the stipulation of becoming a She nationality? Determine this regulation.