Daqingshan Breakout, a battle with great disparity between the enemy and ourselves

Daqingshan is located at the junction of Fei County, Yinan County and Mengyin County. The main peak is 686.2 meters above sea level and is a branch of Mengshan Mountain. . On November 30, 1941, the famous Daqingshan breakout battle took place in Daqingshan. It was an unprecedented and heroic battle in the history of Shandong's Anti-Japanese War. Former Vice Premier of the State Council Gu Mu once lamented: "There is Pingxingguan in the north and Daqingshan in the south." In December 1977, the Daqingshan battle site was designated as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit. In 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League named the Daqingshan Revolutionary Memorial Site as the "National Youth Education Base". It has become a famous revolutionary tradition and patriotism education base.

"This is a struggle with a huge disparity between the enemy and ourselves. In terms of numbers, the enemy is 53,000, and we have only 10,000; in terms of equipment, the Japanese have artillery and machine guns, and we only have hand grenades and some short-range artillery. In terms of combat power, the enemy is a regular force, and most of our troops are non-combatants. The majority of them are logistics personnel, female comrades, and wounded. If Daqingshan cannot break out, the revolutionary forces in Shandong and the Yimeng Mountain Anti-Japanese Base Area may be completely destroyed by the enemy. The anti-Japanese forces in Daqingshan were also bound to suffer heavy losses. The success of the Daqingshan breakout not only shattered the enemy's conspiracy to eliminate Shandong's party, government and military organs, but also preserved Shandong's revolutionary backbone, which was of great significance in the entire history of Shandong's Anti-Japanese War." Research on Daqingshan Zhang Naijun, the former director of the Fei County Party History Office, who fought for more than 30 years to break out of the siege, said.

The Japanese Army's "Iron Wall Encirclement" Cleanup

In 1940, Japan formulated the "Outline for Handling the Incident in China" and decided to enter a protracted war against China. In July 1941, after Neiji Okamura was transferred to the commander of the Japanese North China Front, he launched an unprecedented scale of attacks on the anti-Japanese base areas in North China. The Yimeng Anti-Japanese Base Area was the center of the Shandong Anti-Japanese War, and Shandong's party, government and military agencies were active in this area. The Japanese army invested a large number of troops in this area and launched a series of "mopping up" activities such as "clearance", "blockade" and "cannibalization" in the Anti-Japanese Base Area. The Yimeng Anti-Japanese Base Area fell into a difficult period of the Anti-Japanese War.

On November 2, 1941, the Japanese army mobilized 53,000 troops. Under the leadership of the commander-in-chief of the invading Japanese army, Shunroku Hata, they attacked the Shandong Branch, the Shandong Military and Political Commission, the Shandong War Trade Union, the 115th Division and the Shandong Column. The Yimeng Anti-Japanese Base Area, where the military leadership is located, carried out an "iron wall encirclement" sweep.

In mid-November, the Japanese army established a stronghold in Luyun Mountain, north of Sunzu, Yinan County, preparing for further operations. On November 28, in order to reduce the pressure on the base area, the 115th Division led by Luo Ronghuan decided to eliminate the Japanese army in Luyun Mountain and pull out the stronghold.

Stuck into the enemy's encirclement

In order to ensure the safety of the agency, Yuan Zhongxian, chief of the fifth section of the division, led the division and directly affiliated team personnel, and Chen Ming, deputy director and secretary-general of the Provincial War Trade Union Led the Shandong branch, provincial war unions, provincial mass organizations, newspapers, hospitals and other party and government agencies to move to the Daqingshan area. At the same time, the first branch of Kangda University was also stationed from the Taylor base area to the Daqingshan area. At this time, while using the main force to resist the 115th Division, Shunroku Hata secretly entered the area around Daqingshan with a mixed brigade of more than 5,000 people, setting up a joint attack circle in an attempt to eliminate the Eighth Route Army troops and agencies entering this area.

In the early morning of November 30, 1941, when the large troops of the First Branch of the Anti-Japanese University withdrew from Dagutai and Hujiazhuang and entered the Nanlaokeng at the northwest foot of Daqing Mountain, they found that the Shandong Branch, the Provincial War Trade Union, Thousands of people from the 115th Division, sister theater troupes, hospitals and other units are also moving to this area. Almost all personnel from Shandong's party, government and military agencies have gathered in Nanlaokeng.

At this time, nearly 1,000 enemy soldiers from three groups attacking from the north had gathered in the Hujiazhuang and Dagutai areas. Only in the west, the enemy had not yet been found. Principal Zhou Chunquan of the first branch of the Anti-Japanese University, political commissar Li Peinan, training minister Yuan Yelie, deputy minister Yan Jiesan and others decided to cross the Shahe River to the west and break out in the direction of Yangshan (now Tashan, Feixian County).

The students of the Anti-Japanese University shouldered the heavy burden of breaking out

At that time, the first branch of the Anti-Japanese University had 4 brigades, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and Special Section, and 1 female team, plus the school division Agency, more than 3,000 people were recruited. The Fifth Brigade of the First Branch of the Anti-Japanese University is the only brigade with combat capabilities. The trainees come from the company and platoon cadres of the 115th Division and the Shandong Column. At the critical moment, the students of the Fifth Brigade of the First Branch of Kangda University took on the task of breaking out. "The students in the first branch of the Anti-Japanese University are basically cadres of the political power of counties, districts and townships in various base areas in Shandong. There are only more than 500 people with combat experience, but most of them are bare-handed and only have a few hundred old rifles." Research on the Daqingshan breakout battle Zhang Naijun, former director of the Fei County Party History Office for more than 30 years, told reporters that most of the people trapped in the enemy's encirclement at this time were non-combatants, and the weapons they were equipped with were small in quantity and of poor quality.

Under the command of Zhou Chunquan, the principal of the first branch of the Anti-Japanese University, Yan Jie led the three security companies to clear the way. The fifth brigade was divided into small groups to seize the commanding heights of Daqingshan, block the enemy, and cover the leadership and unarmed personnel to break out. The detachment responsible for the cover mission fought bravely and held their position regardless of their own safety. After running out of ammunition, they used grab pallets and rocks to block the enemy, successfully repelling multiple enemy attacks.

Bit off the enemy's ear in hand-to-hand combat

In the Daqingshan Breakout Memorial Hall, there is a statue of a group of heroes, which commemorates the captain of the Second Squadron, Qiu Zemin, the instructor Cheng Ke and the trumpeter Qi De during the breakout battle. A group of statues.

During the Daqingshan breakout battle, Cheng Ke led 40 people to block the enemy on a hilltop south of Lihanggou. He asked everyone to "stay in position and persist until the large force successfully breaks through." Under their desperate cover, the Shandong Branch, the War Trade Union, the 115th Division Logistics Agency and the Anti-Japanese University students broke through the enemy siege and successfully moved along Lihang Valley and Wutong Valley. At this time, there were only about 10 people left in the district team led by Cheng Ke, and there were not many bullets and grenades left. They retreated while fighting, and finally retreated to a courtyard in the west of Lihanggou Village. When they ran out of bullets, they used grenades and rocks to fight back at the enemy. When the Japanese troops attacked from all sides and forced Cheng Ke and others to surrender, Cheng Ke picked up the Japs at the front and bit the Japs' ears fiercely. But a Japanese soldier behind him picked up a bayonet and stabbed Cheng Ke hard in the back. Cheng Ke died, but he still bit the Japs ear and hugged the enemy tightly with both hands. The remaining students of the Second Squadron also struggled with the enemy and finally died.