Farewell to Dongda

High and comfortable

Thousands of miles of yellow clouds in the daytime,

The north wind blows wild geese and snow.

Don’t worry about the road ahead without friends.

No one in the world knows you.

[Brief Analysis]

This is a farewell poem to the famous violinist Dong Tinglan. Hu music was popular during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and not many people could appreciate ancient music such as the lyre. Cui Jue wrote in a poem: "The five notes on the seven strings are cold. It has been difficult to know the music since ancient times. Only Henan Fangcilu (the prime minister's room official in the prosperous Tang Dynasty) always took pity on Dong Tinglan." At this time, Gao Shi was also very frustrated and wandered around. He is often in a poor and lowly situation (he wrote in "Farewell to Dong Da" Part 2: "My husband is poor and lowly, so I don't have money to drink when we meet today."). But in this farewell poem, Gao Shi used a cheerful mind and a heroic tone to make his farewell words passionate and inspiring. The first two sentences "Thousands of miles of yellow clouds are shining in the daytime, and the north wind is blowing the wild geese and the snow is falling." Use line drawing to describe the scene in front of you: the north wind is howling, the yellow sand is thousands of miles away, covering the sky and the sun, and everywhere is gray, so that the clouds seem to It has turned yellow, and the originally bright and dazzling sunlight has now faded, like the afterglow of the setting sun. Heavy snow fell, and the geese flew south in neat formation. In this desolate and magnificent environment, the poet bid farewell to this musician who had great skills but was not appreciated by anyone. The last two sentences, "Don't worry, you are ignorant of the road ahead. No one in the world knows you." They are words of comfort to friends: Don't worry about not meeting your confidant. No one in the world doesn't know you, Dong Tinglan! The words are so loud and powerful, full of confidence and strength in comfort, inspiring friends to work hard and fight hard.

Boancing Guazhou

Wang Anshi

Jingkou Guazhou is separated by water,

Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.

The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river.

When will the bright moon shine on me again?

[Brief Analysis]

This is a famous lyrical poem, which expresses the poet's deep feelings of looking at the south of the Yangtze River and missing his homeland. The title of the poem is "Boat Mooring on Guazhou", which points out the poet's footing. The first sentence "Jingkou and Guazhou is between the water" describes the scene in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that "Jingkou" and "Guazhou" on the south bank were so close, with a river in between. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few layers away and not far away. The second sentence, "Zhongshan is only a few floors away from the mountain," hints at the poet's feeling of returning home. The third sentence also describes the scene, highlighting the season of spring, and depicts the scenery of the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means "blowing green", which is a verb used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally selected the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "pass", "enter" and "man". Because other words only express the arrival of the spring breeze, but do not express the change of the new green scenery on the Qianli River Bank after the arrival of spring. The poet concludes with the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me and come back?" The poet has been looking at it for a long time. Unexpectedly, the bright moon is rising. The poet uses a question sentence to imagine a picture of "the bright moon" and "when the bright moon will shine on me again", which further expresses the poet's longing for his homeland. Feeling. Literally speaking, this poem expresses the nostalgia for one's hometown and the eagerness to cross the river to go home and reunite with relatives. In fact, his strong desire to return to the political stage and implement the New Deal is also reflected between the lines.

Saixiaqu

Lulun

The moon is full of black geese flying high,

Shan escapes in the night.

If you want to chase Qingqi away,

The bow and knife are covered with heavy snow.

[Brief Analysis]

This is the third poem in Lu Lun's "Song of Saixia" series. Lu Lun once served as a marshal judge in the shogunate and had experience in military life. His poems describing this kind of life are relatively substantial and vigorous in style. This poem describes the heroism of General Xue Ye as he prepares to lead his troops to chase the enemy.

The first two sentences describe the enemy's retreat. "The wild geese fly high in the dark moon", the moon is covered by clouds, and it is pitch black. The wild geese startle and fly high. "Chan Yu fled at night", on this unusual night with dark moon and high wind, the enemy army escaped secretly. "Chanyu" originally refers to the supreme ruler of the Xiongnu. Here it refers to the invaders of the Khitan and other tribes who often invaded the south at that time.

The last two sentences describe the scene of the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is extraordinary. "In order to drive the light cavalry away", the general discovered that the enemy was absconding and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue him. Just as he was about to set off, there was a heavy snowfall, and in an instant, his bow and sword were covered with snowflakes.

The last sentence, "The bow and knife are covered with heavy snow" is a description of the severe cold scene, which highlights the hardship of the battle and the brave spirit of the soldiers.

This poem is a blend of scenes. The enemy troops fled under the situation of "moon black geese flying high", and the general prepared to pursue the situation under the situation of "heavy snow full of bows and swords". The atmosphere of escape and pursuit is effectively rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves people with rich imagination.

Chang Ge Xing (Excerpt)

Han Yuefu

The sunflower in the green garden,

The morning dew awaits the setting sun.

Budze in spring,

All things are radiant.

I am often afraid that when the autumn festival comes,

the leaves of the yellow flowers will wither.

From the east to the sea, there are hundreds of rivers.

When will we return to the west?

If a young man doesn’t work hard, the old man will be sad.

[Appreciation]

Yuefu poetry is a genre that best represents the achievements of poetry in the Han Dynasty. It often uses the decorative techniques of fu, comparison, excitement, intertextuality, and repeated singing, as well as techniques such as presentation, contrast, and foil to express emotions. This song "Long Song Xing" represents this feature. The author uses the metaphor of hundreds of rivers returning to the sea and never coming back to describe the fleeting and fleeting time. He laments that "if a young man does not work hard, an old man will be sad", and encourages the world to cherish time and make a difference. The whole poem starts from Qingkui, associates it with the changes of the four seasons, and uses rivers as a comparison to draw the conclusion that we should seize the time and work hard. The comparison technique is very obvious.

"Long Song" is suitable for expressing deep emotions. This song is eloquently told, with description, lyricism, lamentation and exhortation, making the whole poem delicate and full of meaning. It not only inherits the tradition of "singing to chant one's ambitions", but also has great formal beauty, making it easy to recite repeatedly.

Chile Song

Northern Dynasty Yuefu

Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain,

The sky is like a dome, covering the surrounding fields.

The sky is clear and the fields are vast.

The wind blows the grass and you can see cattle and sheep.

[Brief Analysis]

This is a folk song sung by the Chile people, which was translated from Xianbei into Chinese. It sings of the savanna scenery and the life of nomads.

The first two sentences, "Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain" explain that Chilechuan is located at the foot of Yinshan Mountain, which towers into the sky, and makes the background of the grassland very majestic. In the following two sentences, "The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields." The Chile people use the "domeum" in their lives as a metaphor, saying that the sky is like a large felt dome tent, covering all sides of the grassland, to describe the extreme view. Looking from afar, the sky and wild fields meet, an extremely magnificent scene. This kind of scene can only be seen on the prairie or the sea. The last three sentences, "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, the wind blows the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep" is a magnificent and vibrant panoramic view of the grassland. "The wind blows through the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep." A gust of wind bends the grass, revealing groups of cattle and sheep. It vividly describes the scene of abundant water and grass and fat cattle and sheep here. The whole poem contains just over twenty words, showing a magnificent picture of the life of herders in ancient my country.

This poem has the bright and bold style unique to Northern Dynasty folk songs, with broad realm, majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic summary. Huang Tingjian, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said that the author of this folk song "spoke in a hurry, and his words are so strange that he can tell the truth" (Volume 7 of "Valley Inscriptions and Postscripts"). Because the author is very familiar with the life of grassland herdsmen, he can grasp the characteristics at once without using any force to sculpt, and the artistic effect is very good

Out of the Barrier

Wang Changling

Qin Shi At the end of the Han Dynasty in the bright moon, the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned.

But the flying generals of Dragon City are here,

Don’t teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain.

[Brief Analysis]

This is a famous frontier fortress poem, which expresses the poet's hope that a good general will be appointed to quell the war at the frontier fortress as soon as possible so that the people can live a stable life.

The poet starts from describing the scene, and the first sentence outlines a desolate scene with the cold moon shining on the border. "The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty" cannot be understood as the bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the pass of the Han Dynasty. Here, the four characters Qin, Han, Guan, and Yue are used interchangeably. In rhetoric, it is called "intertextual meaning", which means the bright moon in Qin and Han Dynasties and the pass in Qin and Han Dynasties. The poet hinted that the war here has not stopped since the Qin and Han Dynasties, highlighting the long time. In the second sentence, "Thousands of miles long march, people have not yet returned." "Wanli" refers to the thousands of miles between the frontier and the inland. Although it is a false reference, it highlights the vastness of the space.

"People have not yet returned" reminds people of the disasters caused by war and expresses the poet's grief and anger.

How can we relieve the people's suffering? The poet places his hope in a capable general. "But let the flying generals of Longcheng be here and not teach the Hu horses to cross the Yinshan Mountains." As long as Li Guang, the flying general guarding Longcheng, is still alive, the Hu cavalry will not be allowed to cross the Yinshan Mountains. "Dragon City Flying General" refers to Li Guang, the famous general who guarded Lulong City under Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting and defeated the Huns many times. "Don't teach" means not allowed. The word "teach" is pronounced flatly; "Hu Ma" here refers to the cavalry that invaded by foreign nations. "Du Yin Mountain" means crossing Yin Mountain. Yinshan Mountain is a large mountain range running east-west in the north. It was a natural barrier for the northern border defense in the Han Dynasty. The last two sentences are written implicitly and cleverly, allowing people to draw necessary conclusions from the comparison of past events.

This poem is called the masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Tragic but not desolate, generous but not superficial, this poem is the first of Wang's two poems "Out of the Fortress".

On a spring day

Zhu Xi

On a sunny day, I find beauty on the shore of Surabaya,

The boundless scenery is new for a while.

Easy to recognize the east wind,

It is always spring with its colorful colors.

[Brief Analysis]

People generally think that this is a poem about spring outing. Judging from the scenery written in the poem, it is very similar to this.

The first sentence "Shengri seeks the beauty of Surabaya shore", "Shengri" refers to a sunny day and points out the weather. "Surabaya Shore" indicates the location. "Xunfang" means looking for beautiful spring scenery, which highlights the theme. The following three sentences are all written about what is seen and gained in "Xunfang". The second sentence, "The boundless scene is suddenly new," describes the initial impression gained from watching the spring scenery. Use "boundless" to describe all the scenery within sight. "A moment of newness" not only describes the return of spring to the earth and the natural scenery taking on a new look, but also describes the author's refreshing and joyful feeling during an outing. The third sentence "Easy to know the Dongfeng side", the word "knowledge" in the sentence inherits the word "find" in the first sentence. "Easy to recognize" means that the face and characteristics of spring are easily identifiable. "Dongfengmian" also refers to spring. The fourth sentence "Everything is always spring" means that the scene of thousands of purples and reds is all dyed by spring light, and people know spring from these thousands of purples and reds. This specifically explains why we can "know the east wind side easily". The word "a thousand purples and reds" in this sentence echoes the word "a new situation" in the second sentence. The third and fourth sentences use figurative language to specifically describe the new situation and the gains from seeking fragrance. From a literal point of view, this poem seems to be about the impressions of spring outing, but if you look closely, the location of the search for fragrance is the shore of Surabaya, which was occupied by the Jin people when the Song Dynasty was crossing south. Zhu Xi had never gone north, so of course it was impossible for him to travel to the shores of Surabaya to sing and sing in spring. In fact, the word "Sishui" in the poem refers to Confucius, because in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius once taught students by singing string songs between Zhu and Si. Therefore, the so-called "seeking fragrance" refers to seeking the way of saints. "A thousand purples and reds" refers to the richness and variety of Confucianism. The poet compares the way of the saint to the spring breeze that stimulates vitality and dyes all things. This is actually a philosophical poem that embodies truth and interest in images.

Spring Dawn

Meng Haoran

Spring sleep does not wake up to dawn,

I hear birds singing everywhere.

At night, there is the sound of wind and rain, and

I don’t know how many flowers are falling.

[Brief Analysis]

This poem depicts a gorgeous picture of a spring morning, expressing the poet's love for spring and cherishing its beautiful mood.

The first sentence "Spring sleep without waking up", the first word points out the season and writes about the sweetness of spring sleep. "Unconsciously" means hazy and unconsciously. In this warm spring night, the poet slept so soundly that he woke up from his sweet dream only when the rising sun stood by the window. This sentence reveals the poet's joy in loving spring. The second sentence "I hear birds singing everywhere" describes the spring scene and the birdsong in the spring morning. "Everywhere" means everywhere. Birds are noising on the branches, creating a lively scene. "Hearing the singing bird" means "hearing the singing of the bird". In order to rhyme, the word order of the ancient poem has been appropriately adjusted. These two sentences mean: Spring is here, I slept so sweetly, and before I knew it it was daybreak. When I woke up, I heard birds singing everywhere. In the third and fourth sentences, "The sound of wind and rain at night makes you know how many flowers have fallen." The poet recalls the misty spring rain last night, and then thinks of the scene of spring flowers being beaten by the wind and rain, and falling red all over the ground. The poet places his feelings of love and cherishing spring on his sighs for falling flowers. Cherishing spring is also loving spring, and joy is the keynote of the whole poem.

This poem describes spring scenery, not about what you see, but about what you hear and think. The poet writes down his own auditory feelings, and then the readers experience and reproduce the artistic conception described by the poet.

Cleverly conceived and very interesting.

Love the rain on a spring night

Du Fu

Good rain knows the season,

when spring happens.

Sneak into the night with the wind,

Moisturize things softly and silently.

At night, all the clouds on the path are dark,

The fire on the river boat is only bright.

Look at the red and wet places at dawn,

the flowers are heavy on the brocade official city.

[Brief Analysis]

This is a poem that describes and praises spring rain. The word "xi" in the title applies to the entire article. Although there is not a single word "happy" in the eight lines of the poem, the poet's joy is beyond words.

The first couplet writes about the arrival of spring rain: "Good rain knows the season, when spring will happen." The word "good" expresses the poet's praise for spring rain. Spring is the season when plants sprout and grow. When rain is needed, it begins to rain. The poet uses personification to praise Chunyu for being considerate and understanding, as if he understands people's wishes.

The chin couplet depicts the characteristics of spring rain: "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently." It is accompanied by the warm spring breeze, taking advantage of the night to quietly float on the earth, dense and dense, moistening silently. All things do not seek to be known and have no intention of pleasing others. Chunyu has such a noble character, and the poet likes it very much.

The neck couplet describes the rainy scene on a spring night: "The night path is dark with clouds, and the river boats are only bright with fire." The poet hoped that the good rain would last enough. He opened the door and looked out, only to see dark clouds in the sky and dark clouds on the ground. It was so dark that even the path could not be seen clearly. Only the fishing fire on the boat in the river showed a little light.

The last couplet "Looking at the red wet place at dawn, the flowers in Jinguan City are heavy" is the poet's imagination: at dawn the next day after the spring rain, the entire Jinguan City must be a scene of flowers and colorful flowers. A wet, heavy, red flower must be more lovable. If the flowers are like this, then the crops in the fields will surely thrive. The spring rain brings vitality to the earth and brings people the hope of a good harvest. How can the poet not praise the spring rain!

Chuzhou West Stream

Wei Yingwu

Only pity the grass growing beside the stream,

there are orioles singing deep in the trees.

The spring tide brings rain late and comes quickly,

There is no boat crossing the wild crossing.

[Brief Analysis]

This is a famous landscape poem and is Wei Yingwu's most famous landscape painting. Although the poem describes ordinary scenery, after the poet's touch, it has become a rhythmic painting with a profound artistic conception.

This article was written when the author was serving as the assassin of Chuzhou. The author visited the Xijian River in Chuzhou and wrote this poetic poem.

The first two sentences of the poem "I only love the quiet grass growing by the stream, and the orioles singing in the deep shade of the trees" means: The poet only loves the quiet grass growing by the stream, and the orioles sing deep in the shade of the trees. Ming. This is an elegant scenery intertwined with beautiful colors and beautiful music. "Pity alone" means preference, and preference for quiet grass reveals the poet's indifferent mind. The last two sentences "The spring tide brings rain in the evening, and there is no boat crossing the wild ferry" means: It rains in the evening and the tide rises more rapidly. There are no pedestrians at the ferry in the countryside, and a ferry is parked across the river. This scene of a rowing boat on a ferry in the rain contains the poet's sadness at his own inaction, which makes people think.

Wei Yingwu served as the "Three Guardsman" and the assassin of Chuzhou, Jiangzhou, Suzhou and other places. He was deeply worried about the political corruption in Zhongtang and was also very concerned about the people's livelihood, but there was nothing he could do. This poem expresses his mood euphemistically.

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