After the 6th century, Western European civilization entered a new historical stage, and a new feudal economic form with serfdom as its core gradually formed - the medieval era. Its political center of gravity has moved from the Mediterranean region centered on Italy to the inland region centered on Frankia; its ruling nation has been transformed from the Roman Latin nation to the Germanic nation; and the main body of its spiritual culture has been transformed from the secular Roman culture to the Germanic nation. A Christian culture with strong religious overtones. Due to the rise of the Germanic kingdoms, the Franks, the Carolingian Empire, France, Germany, England and other countries, the culture also showed a multi-line development trend. This era is both a "dark era of ignorance" and a "rose-red ideal era". It is an era that is both full of famine, hardship, violence and inequality, but also full of vitality and creativity. It is in this era that the Amid various hardships and opportunities, Western European civilization originated from the classical era and was once again expanded and updated.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, Western European feudal society entered a later stage. At this stage, the first major adjustment of the economic structure since the establishment of the feudal system was triggered, and the feudal production relations based on serfdom and manorial system also underwent major changes. Under the unprecedented sharp class contradictions, waves of popular resistance emerged one after another (such as the Doricino uprising in Italy, the "Zac" uprising in France, the Watt Taylor uprising in the UK, etc.). In order to adapt to social changes, the ruling class also continuously strengthened royal rule. With the development of industry and commerce and the changes in domestic and foreign political situations, a new political force emerged in Britain and France - the rise of citizens, which became one of the social foundations of British and French royal rule. The establishment of the hierarchical representative conference gave rise to a new form of state power. During this period, a tragic and long Hundred Years' War between England and France took place (the legendary French heroine Joan of Arc stood out when the British army besieged the important town of Orleans in 1429, and was later burned alive by the British army). But at the same time, Germany and Italy were increasingly divided, and the era of the once domineering and arrogant Pope also came to an end. Spain, the richest place in Europe during the Middle Ages, was ruled by the Arab Empire for 800 years until the end of the 15th century. The intersection and collision of Islamic and Christian feudal civilizations occurred in Spain, triggering the "Reconquest Movement" - the counterattack of Christian countries. Finally, in 1492, King Ferdinand captured the last Muslim stronghold of Granada, and This brought the "Reconquest Movement" to an end and completed the unification of Spain.

Beginning around the 14th century, Western Europe in the Middle Ages gradually entered a period of change between the old and new eras. The spirit of capitalism was budding, creating the necessary conditions for European capitalism to defeat feudalism and modern industrialization. The prerequisites and conditions laid the foundation for the occurrence and development of modern capitalism. Its major historical events include: the Renaissance and the Reformation in the ideological and cultural fields, the modern scientific and technological revolution, and the great geographical discoveries that led to global navigation (from 1487 to 1514, the Portuguese opened up a sea route from the Far East to Western Europe via the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa). There was a long maritime trade route. Later, in 1492, when the Italian Columbus led his fleet to go westward with the funding of the King of Spain, he accidentally discovered the American continent. In 1520, the Spanish Magellan led his fleet to discover the southernmost strait of the Americas. Entered the Pacific Ocean, arrived in the Philippines, continued westward sailing, returned to Spain, and completed the world's first circumnavigation), overseas expansion (early colonization), the transformation of the economic structure from an agricultural economy to a mercantile economy, and the awakening and empirical evidence of the scientific and rational spirit. The emergence of methods, as well as the centralization of national political power and the integration of national culture, etc.