also known as Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, Frederic Francisque Chopin

Occupation: Composition

Location: Poland

Birthplace: Poland

Birthday: March 1, 1881

Character introduction

Frederic Francisque Chopin Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (181 March 1, 181-October 1849,

A great Polish musician, he loved Polish folk music since childhood. At the age of seven, he wrote "Polish Dance Music" and performed at the age of eight. Before he was twenty, he became a recognized pianist and composer in Warsaw. The second half of his life coincided with Poland's national subjugation. He spent his time abroad and created many piano works with patriotic thoughts to express his homesickness and national subjugation. Among them, there are heroic works related to Poland's national liberation struggle, such as "The First Narrative" and "Polish Dance in A-flat Major". There are fighting works full of patriotic enthusiasm, such as revolutionary etude and scherzo in b minor; There are tragic works mourning the fate of the motherland, such as Sonata in B flat minor; There are also fantasy works that miss the motherland and their loved ones, such as many nocturnes and fantasies. Chopin lived on the piano all his life, and almost all his creations were piano music, so he was called "the piano poet". He often raises money to perform for his compatriots abroad, but he is reluctant to perform for the nobility. In 1837, he sternly refused the position of "Chief Pianist of His Majesty the Russian Emperor" granted by Russia. Schumann called his music "a cannon hidden among flowers" and declared to the world that "Poland will not die". Life in his later years was very lonely, and he painfully claimed to be a "Polish orphan far from his mother". On his deathbed, he asked his relatives to transport his heart back to the motherland.

polish genius

one, another prodigy

Chopin's family lived in three rooms in a countess's manor house, which were pleasant rooms with white walls and luminous ceilings, windows with white sand curtains, and wide windowsills with golden bells and geraniums hanging upside down and blooming vigorously. There are heavy mahogany furniture, many bookshelves and a white column stove in the house. When it is cold, the pine inside crackles and gives off fragrant heat. There is a piano in the largest of the three rooms. Different from other prodigy musicians, young Chopin didn't like that piano.

Chopin's first teacher was a strange figure. He always wore a pale yellow coat and trousers, patent leather boots and a colorful but tacky vest. According to him, it was the property of the last Polish king bought at an auction house. He always carries a long pencil, which is often used to knock the heads and fingers of those slow and unruly students. He made Chopin like the piano and played it beautifully, so young Chopin gradually became famous as "the second Mozart" in Warsaw. At the age of ten, he was taken to play in front of a great singer. The singer was very happy and gave him a watch. Soon after, the Russian czar heard him play and immediately gave him a diamond ring as a gift. There was a saying in the European newspaper at that time: "God gave Mozart to Austria, but Chopin to Poland." When Chopin was still very young and couldn't remember music, he could make up some sketches and let the teacher write them on the manuscript paper for him. Later, Chopin studied composition and other courses at the Warsaw Society where his father taught French. When he was seventeen, he finally left school to devote himself to music.

Second, a patriotic musician who was "faithful to his heart"

Chopin was the first composer who devoted his life to a musical instrument. Even Liszt, Paganini in the piano, turned to writing for all orchestras in his later years, so when his piano works were rewritten for the orchestra, they sounded as good-or even better. But Chopin did not try to imitate the orchestra on the piano. He can express music better with the piano than any other instrument. No matter what the rhythm of Chopin's works is-whether it's a waltz or a Polish mazurka or a Polish dance-the melody is almost always in the form of a simple ABA trilogy. His music is different from Beethoven's sonata, just as a short and perfect poem is different from a play by Shakespeare. Chopin held two successful concerts in Vienna, and then wanted to seek fame in a wider world. After three farewell concerts in Warsaw, he set off. Before he had gone far, his teacher and former classmates stopped his carriage and sang a chorus in honor of him. Then they gave him a silver commemorative cup filled with the soil of his hometown, hoping that he would never forget his hometown. Although he never came back, he never forgot the motherland where he was born and raised.

III. Years in Paris

Chopin became the most fashionable teacher in Paris soon after he arrived in Paris. He can have as many students as he wants, and the price is the highest. He is like a prince in class, always wearing Aries gloves, accompanied by a servant, and comes in a carriage. Liszt introduced him to Dudevant, a famous novelist who wrote under the pseudonym of george sand. Through her, he was drawn into the cheerful circle of artists, writers and musicians who made Paris their home. But all the success and fun that befell him can never make him forget the glory and sadness of Poland. All Chopin's music works are short sound paintings of his various feelings. Some of them are taken from his own life-dreamy nocturnes and short preludes written when he visited george sand and her daughters on the island of Zalka, and those waltzes-especially the one in D flat major, which is said to have been written after he watched the little white dog in george sand chase its tail. But a greater part of his music grew out of his love for his birthplace.

IV. Polish Rhythm

Many of Chopin's greatest works were written with the rhythm of Mazuka and Polonaise, two ancient dances in Poland. Polonaise dance is a kind of aristocratic dance-the prince and heroes March steadily and solemnly in front of the king's throne. Chopin created some of his most magnificent works in this form. Mazuka dance is often seen by Chopin. It is a rural dance that Polish farmers try to forget the hardships in their lives in full of vigor and joy. Its rhythm is three beats per bar, and in the last beat, the dancers click their heels together to strengthen one beat. Chopin composed more than fifty mazurka dances, and in this rhythm, he showed various feelings from sadness and mystery to the joy of life. Chopin's great Ming Qu in B flat minor is based on an ancient Polish poem, while his four Ballads tell four stories written by Poland's greatest poets. One of the most popular songs is about a young knight's love for a beautiful and mysterious lady. Even his Etudes are not only some exercises, but also some musical sketches. The great "Revolutionary Etude" that all students who want to be famous pianists want to learn was written when Chopin heard that Poles rose up against Russia again and again, but were brutally suppressed again and again. Schumann, a romantic master, once described it like this: "Chopin's work is a cannon hidden among flowers." Perhaps the reason why Chopin's music is loved by people is that it not only tells the beauty and sadness of Poland, but also tells a passionate patriotic feeling. Heine, Chopin's friend in Paris and a German poet, once wrote: "When he sat down at the piano, I felt as if a countryman from my birthplace was telling me the strangest thing that happened while I was away. Sometimes I really want to ask him:' Are those roses at home still blooming enthusiastically? Are those trees still singing so beautifully in the moonlight?' "The elegant little musician with" charming smile, pleasant attitude and beautiful curls like an angel "became the darling of the living room in Paris. But the experience of living in Paris destroyed Chopin's health, and he became sensitive and irritable. After a quarrel, his ten-year friendship with george sand completely collapsed.

Piano Poet

1. Complicated music titles and chic music composition

Chopin has many works in his life, all of which are piano works, and nine out of ten of them are piano solos. But the most troublesome thing is that most of his works only have genres without titles, and many works, even if they are marked up and numbered by genres and genres, are still difficult to understand which one it is. Therefore, when searching Chopin's works, later generations often use the work number (op.) as the main basis for searching, because there will be no duplication and confusion in the work number.

Chopin can't compose music without the piano keyboard. According to people at that time, Chopin was good at improvising on the piano, and it was as smooth as one go. But when he set out to think about improvisation, it was extremely laborious, and many traces of alteration were often left on the manuscript paper. Many works have been made, and every time he plays them himself, there will be a modified version. It can be seen that Chopin is very emotional about composing music.

second, Chopin's creed: let people guess!

"take off your hats, gentlemen! Here is a genius! " This is what Schumann praised Chopin in December 1831 in an article commenting on Chopin's No.2 in the 49th issue of Popular Music. This article is Schumann's first music review article. The Germans' understanding of Chopin began with Schumann's article.

from 1827 to 1828, Chopin wrote the second work, Variations for Piano and Band, with the theme of the duet of Don Juan and Celina in the first act of Mozart's opera Don Juan.

On October 27th, 1831, the German pianist Julius Knohl (187-1861) made his debut in the concert hall of the Buye Association in Leipzig, playing Chopin's No.2.. Schumann used the name of Julius as his pen name when commenting on this piece of music.

On December 16th, 1831, Chopin wrote to his friend Wojciechowski from Paris, saying, "A few days ago, I received a ten-page commentary written by an enthusiastic German from Kassel, and he analyzed it section by section after a lengthy introduction (Op.2). He believes that according to the orthodox point of view, they are not variations, but an imaginary picture. He said that in the second variation, Don Juan and Leopolero were chasing after each other; In the third variation, Don Juan kissed Serena, which made Mateo feel sick. Don Juan and Celina are kissing in D-flat major in the fifth bar of Adagio. The writer's whimsy is ridiculous, and he can't wait to publish this article in Music Magazine (a publication belonging to his son-in-law, Fittis). The kind-hearted Shearer is a very talented young man ... He is very concerned about me and immediately told Fittis' father-in-law that his writing of that review was not good for me but harmful. " Fittis (1784-1871) mentioned by Chopin was a Belgian musician. In 186, he married Adele Laide, the daughter of Robert, editor of the National Courier. The Music Magazine, founded by Festus in 1827, is a weekly magazine. Then, the "enthusiastic German" who wrote that review article should be Robert. Chopin is most opposed to explaining his works in words. Wiesel (1797-1885), a London music publisher, often gave his works fantastic titles in order to attract attention. For example, Variations in B-flat Major (Op.2) was marked as "Salute to Mozart";

The Introduction and Polonaise (Op.3) is marked as "Happy"; Rondo in Mazuka Style (Op. 5) is marked as "Posiana"; "Three Nocturnals" (Op. 9) is marked as "The Seine River is flowing"; In addition, Three Nocturnals (Op.15) is labeled as "West Wind"; Waltz in e flat major (op. 18) is marked as "invitation to dance"; Bolero Dance (Op. 19) is marked as "Andalusian Memories"; Scherzo in b minor (op. 2) is marked as "banquet in hell"; The First Ballad (Op.23) is marked as "Narrative Poetry without Words"; Two Nocturnals (Op. 27) is marked as "Sorrow"; Scherzo in B flat minor (Op. 31) is marked as "meditation"; In addition, Two Nocturnals (Op.37) is marked as "Sigh"; Two Polonaise (Op.4) is marked as "Pets"; Mazuka Dance is collectively called "Polish Memories". In 1841, Chopin said indignantly in a letter from Noan to his friend Fontana (181-1869): "As for wiesel, he is a fool and a liar. When you write to him, you can say what you like ... If he always loses money because of my works, it's because he doesn't follow my advice and adds stupid titles. The voice from my heart taught me not to give him any more works to add these names to. You can speak to him as sharply as possible. "

In Chopin's view, that "enthusiastic German" is as stupid and ridiculous as wiesel. But the "an imaginary picture" described by this German in the article may not be his invention, but follows Schumann's footsteps; Because Schumann's article also talks about the second variation "like a pair of lovers (but not Don Juan and his servant Leopolero) chasing", and the beautiful B flat major is "lovers' first kiss" and so on. Schumann likes to add literary titles to his works, such as Carnival (Op.9), Fantasia (Op.12), Childhood Scenes (Op.15), Youth Music Collection (Op.68) and Forest Scenes (Op.82). Chopin hated this. His Nocturne in G Minor (Op.15 No.3) was originally intended to be marked with the words "Reflections on the Tragedy Hamlet", but it was later cancelled. He said, "Let people guess." Let the music speak for itself, and don't impose subjective imagination on the audience-this is Chopin's belief. The sentence "Let people guess" is of universal significance to Chopin's works.

hopin Frederic· Francois (181-1849) Polish-born French composer and pianist of the romantic era. His music, written chiefly for the piano, Was based on traditional polish dance themes.

Chopin Frederic Francisco (181-1849) was a Polish-born French composer and pianist in The Romantic Period. His piano music is based on the traditional Polish dance theme.

Works: 1. Nocturnal No.1

2. Nocturnal No.2

3. Nocturnal No.5

4. Nocturnal in C sharp minor is numbered outside Alao

5.