Many people are interested in music. When they open music books, they find a lot of Arabic numerals, but they are all at a loss. I don't know how to read them. The following is a brief score I compiled for you. How do you look at your left and right hands? Welcome to read and forward!

What do you think of the notation?

Step 1: Notes

In the notation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are used to indicate the seven basic tone levels. In order to indicate higher notes, dots are usually added to the numbers, and the more dots there are, the higher the notes are. In order to express a lower note, it is usually added below the note, and the more points below, the lower the note. (note: the symbol used to indicate the height of a note is called a note)

(You can find the corresponding practice on the electronic piano)

Step 2: Rest

In the notation, the rest is represented by , which means nothing in mathematics, so it is also easy to understand that it is used as a rest. During the playing process, is not pronounced, so it is not found in the instrument. (rest: the symbol used to rest is called rest)

Step 3: Rounded tone line, linked tone line

Rounded tone line: The brackets that appear above the same level are called rounded tone lines, and all the tones in the brackets are played as one tone, the length of which is the sum of all the tones;

Legato line: brackets appearing at different levels are called Legato lines, and the sounds in brackets are kept coherent, so don't break them in the order in which they appear.

Step 4: Musical notation

In the above picture, the duration is the duration ratio of the notes, and the notation method is the representation of musical notation in the music score. The longest unit of a whole note is one, and a half note is to divide the whole note into two parts and take one of them, which is half shorter than the whole note. In a music book, a half note is faster than the whole note.

Careful friends will find that "notation notation" and "rest notation notation" have similarities, and the length notation of rest is the same as that of notes.

Step 5: Audition practice:

Read along with the sounds in the video, and slowly experience the happiness brought by music.

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1. What is the notation

The notation is a notation for recording the pitch with Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, which is almost known by people in China who have read books. This notation was put forward by the French monk Suetti in 1665. Later, it was Rousseau, a famous French philosopher and writer, who improved and actively promoted it. Because this notation is not convenient for recording multi-voice and complex music, it has almost never been popularized in Europe. Around 1882, Mei Sen, an American, introduced it to Japan when he was giving lectures in Japan. It was once used in Japanese schools in the 19th century, but later they stopped using it. At the end of Qing Dynasty, notation was introduced into China by students studying in Japan. In 194, the book "School Singing Method" written by Mr. Shen Xingong was published, which was very popular for a while. Since then, the notation has been popularized in China. The author believes that notation, as a popular recording method, has played and is still playing a great role in popularizing and popularizing music in China. However, because its notation has many limitations, and most countries in the world don't use it now, we should create conditions to promote and popularize the staff in order to improve the music level and communicate with other countries in the world.

2. get to know the notation easily

notation is a kind of notation. Because it is simple, easy to understand, and has great convenience in notation and reading, it is widely circulated in China.

notation has its advantages, but it also has its disadvantages. For example, memorizing a chorus is not as clear as a staff visually, and memorizing a piano score is almost impossible. In the past, some people thought that notation was simple and unscientific, thus denying the important role of notation in real music life, which was wrong. It should be admitted that notation has made great contributions to the popularization and promotion of music. For a long time to come, notation will continue to play its positive role and serve the socialist cultural cause. Because of the lack of relevant materials, the creation and development process of notation can not be accurately introduced. Garin (1786-1821) and Chevy (184-1864) in France; Granville (1785-1867) and Gervin (1816-188) in England have both studied and sorted out the notation system. The notation of our country came from Japan. This system is different from that of Chevy. According to the Schevey system, the short lines of eighth notes and sixteenth notes are added above the notes. However, the Japanese notation has come to China, especially in the past ten years after liberation, and many changes and developments have taken place. Now, only the current notation is briefly introduced as follows.

In the notation system, the relative height of sound is expressed by seven Arabic numerals. The relationship between these sounds, except for 34 and 7i semitones, is all full-tone.

Mark: 1234567i

Singing method: dorimifasollasido

Add a dot above the note, which means singing with an octave higher, and add two dots to indicate singing with two octaves higher; On the contrary, adding a dot below means singing at a low octave, and adding two dots means singing at a low octave. In order to accurately represent the absolute height of the sound, key signature mark should be applied. The key signature mark is marked with 1=F and 1=G? And so on.

in order to avoid adding too many points above or below the notes, in chorus and ensemble music, the method of moving up or down by eight degrees is often used to record the low voice or high voice. For example: tenor, bass, pipa, low Hu Yong high octave notation; Bangdi and banhu are recorded in low octaves. The length of the

note is indicated by adding a short horizontal line behind or below the note.

postscript is also used in the notation system. But only up to the quarter note; Longer notes, such as binary notes and whole notes, continue to be represented by adding short horizontal lines.

dotted whole note: 1

dotted half note: 1

dotted quarter note: 1.

dotted eighth note: 1.

dotted sixteenth note: 1.

The basic symbol indicating the pause of sound is . In order to indicate pauses of different lengths, it can be marked by increasing the number of zeros and adding an attachment point to the right of zeros. The commonly used rest is as follows:

Full rest: with additional points:

Binary rest: with additional points:

Four rest: with additional points: .

Eight rest: with additional points: 8 rest. Written in bars, the numbers above indicate the number of rest bars. A sound with only a length but no certain height is indicated by an X, and the length of the sound is indicated by adding a short horizontal line behind or below the X..

there is no clef problem in the notation system. Its pitch is expressed by notes and key signature.

The time signature in the notation, like the staff, is marked by a score. It is recorded in the lower left of the music name together with key signature, and the time signature is recorded first by key signature. The name of the songwriter is at the lower right of the music name.

speed markers and expression terms are recorded at the beginning of the first line of music.

In multi-voice notation, bar lines are mostly separated, and each voice is recorded separately. However, the bar lines of some instrumental music are connected according to the grouping of instruments. Whether it is separated or not, the bar lines of each voice must be aligned up and down.

Pay attention to the spatial distance of notes when recording music, so that the distance between bars and bars and between beats is roughly equal, and write less notes within one beat; Write more notes tightly. For all kinds of notes less than quarter notes, the bass point should be recorded under the short horizontal line.

The rules of sound value combination in the notation system are basically the same as those in the staff. Only in the complex beat, instead of a note representing the whole bar, the notes are grouped by single beat and connected by connecting lines.

the combination method of rest is the same as the above situation, and of course there is no need to use connection.

The hyphen mark is recorded on the top of the note, and it is marked with open brackets and numerals indicating the hyphen.

The tone sandhi in the notation is very simple, just change key signature. For example, if the music in C major is to be moved two degrees higher, just change 1=C to 1 = D.

In the notation, only three kinds of inflection marks are used: rising (#), falling (b) and reduction, while re-rising (×) and re-falling (bb) are not used. In the notation system, the long and definite tone sandhi is marked by the tone sandhi key signature instead of the temporary tone sandhi. Decorative tone marks, ellipsis marks, velocity marks and speed marks used in staff are basically suitable for simple music. In order to avoid the confusion of dots representing staccato and treble points, staccato is represented by ▽ or ▼ in the simple spectrum.

short leaning notes are marked with small sixteenth or eighteenth notes, written on the upper left or upper right of the main notes, and connected with the decorated main notes by connecting lines.

like the staff, the prelude, the entrance and the ending are marked with small notes, and some of them are also enclosed in brackets.

when writing chords, the short horizontal lines below the notes are only written at the lowest pitch.

At present, there is no complete system about notation of musical notation, and what I have mentioned above is only the most common knowledge in musical notation, which is not comprehensive.

3. What is the advantage of staff over simple music?

Staff is a notation used by most music in the world at present. His history is quite long, which can be traced back to the four-line spectrum of the eleventh century. However, the current system was decided in the 16th century.

The notation started late, and appeared in France in the 17th century. After that, it was improved by many people, and its specifications were gradually finalized in the 19th century. And spread to Japan, and then to China. In fact, it was about the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China.

At present, the places where there are people from China are probably the most popular. In addition to national music, popular songs, guitars and even some choruses in mainland China all use notation.

For most people who start to learn Chinese music from their spare time, notation is the first way to get started. However, if the students in the music class are from primary school, some of them directly use the staff instead of the notation. If it is larger, it may be both.

So, in my experience, some people can only read the notation, and when they get the staff, they have to turn it into the notation to understand it. Some people can only read the staff, and they will be confused if they sing a melody with him; Some people can watch both, but one of them has a higher speed and correct rate.

The first kind of people are mostly people from general clubs, the second kind is mostly music classes in primary schools, and the third kind is people like us who have more demand for playing or are more concerned in clubs.

some people support the staff, and they don't even know what the notation is all about. There are also many people. Some people support notation, thinking that it is easy to learn and popularize, and nothing is impossible for notation.

My own process of reading music:

Here, I will talk about my personal experience and views. Maybe it can be used as a reference for those who have similar musical background with me.

I started with Chinese music in high school, that is, reading musical notation. Later, when I came to the university, I had a part-time job in the high city and the country, and I worked in the opera world, and I also looked at the simple music.

but in the meantime, I bought a flute and began to try to read the score.

After retiring from the army, he returned to Kaohsiung and was admitted to the orchestra as a tenor suona player. Because the tonality of alto suona is the same as that of flute, there are many similarities in fingering except for a few notes, so I try to read the line spectrum slowly after turning over the music every day. Start with simple music, and after the staff is handed down, first resist the impulse to translate it into simple music. When the conductor starts to get off the baton, he can read the music and play directly.

Of course, there are always some places that are more difficult, so I translated the places where I really didn't have time to look at the line score into a simple score, and I recorded the score in C key.

In this way, I gradually get familiar with it and force myself to look at the score. After about a few months, most of the scores can be read directly, and I am free from the tension and busyness of translating every time I send a bunch of scores.

Later, with the use of musical instruments and the needs of the orchestra to copy music and arrange music, they gradually began to look at various clefs (treble, alto, bass). To be honest, there are four or five kinds of commonly used musical instruments (not counting the same musical instrument with different tonality), and each musical instrument has to recite six or eight kinds of simple fingering and two or three kinds of line fingering, which add up to at least fifty or sixty fingering, which is really a headache.

so sometimes mistakes are inevitable. However, with different degrees of common use, the probability of making mistakes is different. Basically, the less musical instruments are changed, the more key signature is used, and the less temporary marks, the lower the chance of making mistakes.

Other musical instruments:

Actually, I admire people who play the flute. It's really amazing to change the flute frequently and read the score. If we look at the concept of French horn, clarinet and other transposed instruments, the score itself should be tuned. That is to say, the score records the instrument with which key to use. After changing the instrument, the player should continue to play with the same fingering, and the score must be transposed in advance.

Therefore, the conductor of western orchestral music should have a strong reading ability, and organize the different tone sandhi parts on the total score back to their original positions. In contrast, the scores of Chinese music have not been transposed for transposed instruments, and some even use clefs at will, resulting in a burden outside the performance post. For example, many Chinese musical instruments, which are called alto, use treble clef to record their actual pitches, instead of adopting alto clef by listening to their names. Some musical instruments have a high range, but they still use the actual pitch notation, and there is no transposition (low octave) notation, which makes it difficult to read music.

It can be seen that, although line notation is a common way adopted by professional orchestras at present, there is no uniform standard for notation in Chinese music circles, so performers must spend extra energy to solve these problems.

Transposed wind instruments, such as flutes and traditional suona, have the above-mentioned transpositional problems in using line scores. As for other musical instruments, which are generally fixed phonemes (dulcimer, sheng) and fixed strings (most of them are strumming and plucking), there are fewer problems.

the method of distinguishing left and right hands by using two-handed notation

the notation method of piano notation is the same as the notation method of staff notation, and it is also divided into two lines of high and low notes. Generally speaking, the upper line is the treble score table, which is usually the main melody part of the music, and the lower line is the bass score table, which is the chord accompaniment part of the music (some polyphonic works will have three or more score tables).

The main melody part of a piece of music (i.e. the top line) is usually played by the right hand; The chord accompaniment part of a piece of music (that is, the next line) is usually played by the left hand. However, this is not absolutely unchangeable. Due to the need of music performance, it is also very common that the main melody of music moves to the left bass part, or it is not uncommon that the left and right hands cross and transpose on the same line of music. meet