Xiao, a vertically blown, single-tube, edge-sounding air-sounding instrument, is my country’s traditional national musical instrument. Nowadays, the music of popular costume dramas has made the public aware of the charm of Xiao music. Below I will give you the flute playing techniques and fingerings to help you quickly master the flute technique.
Basic flute skills and fingering techniques:
(1) Qi, fingers, lips, and tongue are the four basic elements for playing the flute well.
Qi refers to the correct breathing method; fingering refers to the flexibility of the fingers; lips refers to the ability to control the damper, adjust the mouth wind, and use the strength of the mouth; tongue refers to the movement of the tongue in the mouth .
1. Breathing method training
Breathing methods include: chest breathing, abdominal breathing and thoracoabdominal breathing. Blow flute basically uses abdominal breathing method and thoracoabdominal breathing method.
Abdominal breathing method mainly relies on abdominal movements. When inhaling, the abdomen needs to be gradually expanded, and when exhaled, the abdomen is gradually contracted in order to inhale the most air. When you first learn, you should start by experiencing deep breathing, inhale through your nose like smelling flowers, and gradually expand your waist, abdomen, chest, and back to all sides.
2. Lip training
The mouth wind should be thin in the bass area, flat in the mid-range, sharp in the treble, and super-blow in the super treble. Practice switching between high and low sounds and feel the changes in the damper when playing high and low sounds.
3. Finger training
On the premise of pressing the closed sound hole according to the correct fingering method, it is very important to train the independent activity ability of the finger for pressing the sound hole. When you don't usually play the flute, you can also practice your finger stretching ability.
4. Tongue training.
Practice more pronunciation.
(2) Fingering of six-hole flute
A. Fingering of tube tone 5 [G key]
All the flute The lowest sound produced when the sound hole is fully pressed is called "cylinder tone".
The key of the flute (or the key of the flute) is marked on the third hole. The tone of the third hole serves as the tonic 1 of this key. If the tube sound is 5, then the first hole is 6, and so on, the second hole is 7, and the third hole is 1. There is an English letter G marked next to the third hole, which is the flute in the key of G. There is an F mark next to the third hole, so we say this flute is in the key of F. The sound marked under the first hole is the tube sound. The third hole is G, the tube sound is D, and the D sound is 5 in the key of G. The third hole is F, the tube sound is C, and the C sound is 5 in the key of F. The third hole is A, the tube sound is E, and the E sound is 5 in the key of A. According to the calculation method, the third hole is 1 and the descending fourth is 5, which is exactly the barrel sound. We are accustomed to using the roll call of the tube tone to distinguish it from different fingerings.
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B. The fingering of tube sound 1 [D key]
The tube sound as 1 is a commonly used fingering. This is a fingering method with completely unified note names, roll call, and tonality. Use the G key (three holes 1) Xiao, the tube tone is 1 (solfa), the tube tone is D (note name), then the scale played is D key (tonality). Other tunes and flutes can be deduced in the same way.
When the tube sound is 1, pay attention to the sound 7. The fingering method for 7 is to open all the finger holes. The alto 7 is the same as the treble 7. There is only one fingering method. Please pay attention to the pitch when playing the 7th note. Generally, when the flute tone is 1, all the finger holes are opened and the 7 tone is played. The pitch is still a bit low, so we have to control it from the breath.
The specific method is:
Strengthen the breath a little, make the damper a little smaller, press the flute down a little, this is equivalent to turning the blow hole outwards, and correct the 7th note to the accurate pitch Location. The actions mentioned above are just a little bit, and this method can also be applied to other sound holes. If a certain sound is slightly higher, then the action is just the opposite. The breath will be weakened a little, the damper will be slightly larger, and the flute will be raised a little higher, and the sound will be slightly lower. Of course, this cannot be done for all sounds. If there are too many inaccurate sound holes, it is time to use other methods to adjust the sound holes.
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C. The fingering of tube tone 2 [C key] The tube tone as 2 is also one of the commonly used fingerings.
What is the key of the scale played by using the G key (three holes 1) as the flute sound 2?
There are two calculation methods:
One is from Counting down from the tube tone D, D is 2 and C is 1. Tone 2 is in the key of C.
First, count from three holes G upward, four holes A, five holes B, six holes C (half hole), D is 2, G is 5, C is definitely 1, C is in tune.
There are several fingering methods to pay attention to in Tube Sound 2. The second hole is a half-hole, which is the 4th tone. You can also use the cross-finger method. The 4th tone played by this cross-finger method is higher. In the past, folk artists often used this fingering method, but now they generally use the half-hole fingering method. There are two fingerings for alto 1 and 2 and treble 1 and 2.
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D. The fingering of tube sound 6 [F key]
The fingering of tube sound 6 is not a common fingering. Since there are many half-holes that are difficult to control, etudes are relatively more difficult than other fingering techniques. However, the 6 fingering for the tube sound is a very unique fingering method, and other fingering methods cannot replace it. Therefore, it is very necessary to spend time practicing the fingering method for the 6 tone for the tube sound.
The ascending minor third of the flute when playing 6 is 1, and the flute when practicing the flute in G is D. D is equal to 6 (fully pressed), E is equal to 7 (one hole is opened), and F is equal to 1 (one hole is fully opened, and the second hole is half opened). Then, the fingering for 6 on the tube tone is in the key of F.
When the barrel tone is 6, the second hole, the fifth hole, and the sixth hole should all have half holes. 1, 4, 5, and 6 in the alto area and 1, 4, 5, and 6 in the treble area have two kinds of fingers to prevent swallowing and repeating.
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The basics and Blowing Techniques
1. Elegance
Elegance is a kind of decorative sound. It appears before the proper sound and tends to the proper sound, giving the proper sound a rich and special color.
Appropriate notes are written in the upper left corner of the proper sound with smaller notes, and connected with the proper sound with a connecting line. When there is only one appliqué note before the proper note, it is called a "single appurtenance".
The single appropriation sound can be divided into upper and lower parts. The one that is higher than the original sound is called "Shang Yiyin"; the one that is lower than the original sound is called "Xia Yiyin".
When there are two or more appliqué notes before the proper note, it is called "compound appliqué". When playing appoggio, you should play it skillfully and briefly, because appoggio is an auxiliary sound of the proper note and a decoration of the proper note. It helps to pronounce the main tone. The playing time of appoggio is usually at the beginning of the first half of the beat or intentionally. Before the upbeat, the proper note is connected during the downbeat.
Do not extend the etiquette arbitrarily or play it on the downbeat, otherwise it will take over the main role and destroy the original emotion of the music.
2. Overlapping tone
When playing two consonants, quickly open and press the second sound hole above the second consonant tone with your finger to make this sound The two sounds have a feeling of overlapping, which is called overlapping sound. The symbol for overdubbing is ? and ?. Do not write small grace notes on the score.
The refrain can be said to be an extremely fast decorative sound, and the refrain cannot be played as an appoggio. Remember that appoggio comes before the first note.
The finger movement of the refrain is after the first note. No matter how short the appoggio is, it still has a process, and the finger movements of the second note of the overlapping tone are at the same time as the beat of the second note. We can only feel its existence because of the rapid opening and closing of the fingers. The ground tone above the original note is Does not account for time value. Therefore, it is said that the overlapping sound is a fast decorative sound. It subtly enriches the relationship between the two sounds, making the two sounds both separate and inseparable, creating a pleasant color.
There is also a folk adding technique called "calling out sounds", which can also be said to be another overlapping sound method. It is not only used between two consonant tones, but can be used on any tone in any interval. It is especially widely used in opera or folk music. The pronunciation method is the same as the overlapping sound, but the overlapping sound is usually marked on the tune, and we must pay attention to it consciously when playing.
Must be smooth and vivid as the standard.
3. Beating
When blowing a note or two consonants, the effect obtained by tapping the sound hole of the note quickly with your fingers is called "beating" sound?.
The difference between playing and overdubbing is that the method of playing overdubbed is to pronounce the sound using the second sound hole above the original sound hole, while playing the tone is to pronounce the sound through the original sound hole. Its actual pitch is a rapid repetition of the original note and the ground note below. For example, if you hear the "treble 1" note during performance, what you get by playing the sound is actually the effect of "7 treble 1".
The sign of the sound is 扌?. The purpose and color of playing sounds are roughly the same as those of overlapping sounds. Especially in some music from Jiangnan, playing sounds is a common technique. It is also used in music from Inner Mongolia or Tibet, but the finger movements are slower, similar to appoggio.
When practicing playing, your fingers should be nimble, accurate and stable. So "ling" means that the fingering should be flexible so that the pronunciation is not rigid; "accuracy" means that the fingers should hit the sound holes without any false sounds; "stability" means that we should not be fast or slow when using the sound, and should not affect the sound. The tempo of the original song and the timing of the beats should be just right.
The above flute playing techniques and fingerings are compiled by me for everyone. I hope it can help you learn something from the flute tutorial!
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