Piano keyboard tone grade names and tone grouping

(1) The piano is an equal-tempered instrument, which uses twelve equal temperaments. That is, each octave on the piano is divided into 12 equal semitones, including 7 basic tone levels (white keys) and varying tone levels (black keys). See "(5)" (there are occasional exceptions where the colors of the keys on the piano are exactly the opposite.)

(2) The 7 basic tone levels are the familiar do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si (duo, 唻, mi, fa, say, la, xi) are expressed in English as c, d, e, f, g, a, b. (In the German system, b (si) is represented by h). The former representation is called the roll call system, which is the pronunciation of the notes when we sing the music score; the latter representation is called the alphabetical system and is used in writing.

(3) Any two adjacent notes with the same name are called octaves.

(4) Any two adjacent notes (keys) on the piano (including black keys and white keys) are in a semitone relationship, and these semitones are equal; any two are separated by one key The tones are all whole-tone relationships (that is, the addition of two semitones). For example, C to #C (or bD) are semitones (adjacent), e to f are semitones (adjacent), "bB (or #A) to B are semitones (adjacent); d to e are whole steps (separated). a black key), e to #f (or bg) are whole tones (separated by a white key), bA (or #G) to bB (or #A) are whole tones (separated by a white key), etc.

(5) Raise (upward) or lower (downward) the basic sound level to obtain a changed sound level? "#" means raising the basic sound level by a semitone, which is called a "sharp sign"; "b" means raising the basic sound level. If the sound level is lowered by a semitone, it is called a flat; "x" means that the basic sound level is raised by a whole tone (that is, it is continuously raised by two semitones), and it is called a sharp; "bb" means that the basic sound level is lowered by a whole tone (that is, it is continuously lowered) Two semitones) weighing the flat. For example, #C or bD is the black key immediately above C (right on the piano) and immediately below D (left on the piano); #E is the black key. F, bF is E, xD is E, bbE is D.

It can be understood and remembered in a popular way, that is, the basic pitch does not have any rising and falling marks (including x, bb). Note that on the piano, the black keys must be the changed notes, while the white keys can be the basic notes or the changed notes, such as E, #E. , xG, bbB, the former is the basic tone level, and the latter three are changing tone levels. Please refer to the "Equal Notes" section.)

(6) On the piano, the note name of the tone level is cycle. Therefore, for the sounds with the same name but different pitches, in order to facilitate the distinction when writing, we divide the sound series into several groups.

The group in the center of the sound series is called a group of small characters. The note name is marked with a lowercase letter plus a number l in the upper right, such as c1, d1, f1, etc. Among them, c1 is usually called the middle c

The group with a higher level than the small group (that is, on the piano. (the group on the right) are called the second group of small characters, the third group of small characters, the fourth group of small characters, and the fifth group of small characters. They are marked with lowercase letters and the numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the upper right; The lower groups (which are the left group of small characters on the piano) are called small character groups - marked with lowercase letters, such as c, d, f, etc.; large character groups - marked with uppercase letters, such as C, D , F, etc.; one group of large characters, two groups of large characters - use capital letters and add numbers 1, 2 on the lower right, such as C1, D1, F1 for one group of large characters, A2, B2, etc. for the second group of large characters. The grouping marking method of grades is the same as that of basic tone grades, such as #Cl, bB2, etc.

(7) The roll call of simplified musical notation is expressed in the key of C.

(8) The range refers to. The part between the lowest and highest notes that an instrument or human voice can reach (including the highest and lowest notes). The range of the piano listed in the picture is A2-c5.

(9). A zone is a part of the range, usually divided into bass, midrange and treble. The ranges of different musical instruments or voices have their own specific division methods, which vary according to the differences in their respective ranges and characteristics.

(10) Nowadays, a1=440 Hertz (Hz) is usually used as the universal standard pitch internationally.

Tone level:

Each tone in the musical sound system is called a tone level. Like 1234567 is the basic pitch level. The width of a whole tone and a semitone is twice the relationship, with one whole tone equal to the width of two semitones. As mentioned above, the distance of an octave and the equal temperament of twelve is divided into twelve equal parts. Each part is a semitone, and two semitones are equal to a whole tone.

In equal temperament, the semitone is the smallest unit that makes up music. The distance between the basic tone levels is not even, so twelve semitones constitute a tone sequence with eight basic tone levels. The relationship between the tones of the major scale is whole, half, whole, whole, and half. (In short, except for the semitones between 34 and 7Ⅰ, the other whole tones. The total between 1 and Ⅰ is 12 semitones)

Number of tones:

The intervals are The number of whole tones and semitones included is called the number of intervals. Intervals are marked with fractions and integers (1/2 is a semitone, 1 is a whole tone).

For example: 3-4 is a semitone and 4-5 is a whole tone

In order to distinguish intervals with the same degree but different numbers of sounds, add pure, major, minor, augmented, and Text descriptions such as subtraction, doubling, and subtraction.

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