Appreciation of Yao musical instruments:/asp/dv_rss.asp?s=xhtml&boardid=50&id=25861&page=1&star=1
The long drum is named after its slender body. Also called flower drum. The Yao people beat the membrane and sound the musical instrument. In Yao language, it is called Guo Dong, Guo, and Chai. It is popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liannan Yao Autonomous County of Guangdong Province and the vast Yao areas adjacent to Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong.
The bronze drum is a product of the Yi, Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang, Buyi, Maonan, Shui, Li, Bai, Tujia, Naxi, Gelao, Wa, Dai and Kemu people, (Gange) Human percussion instrument. In Miao language, it is called Niu and Nie; in Dong language, it is called every Jia and Jiaduo; in Buyi language, it is called Zhu and Gen; in Wa language, it is called Tuluo and Gehua; in Kemu language, it is called Yan. Popular in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan and other provinces and regions.
The big drum is a musical instrument played by the Tibetan, Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Dong, Yi, Shui, Tujia, Han and other ethnic groups. It is popular all over the country, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces and regions.
The Duxian Huqin is a bow-stringed musical instrument of the Yao people. It is called Duxianqin for short. Also called a one-stringed qin. Popular in areas inhabited by the Yao people in Libo County, Guizhou Province.
The shape and structure of the piano are similar to those of the erhu. It is made by the player for his own use, so the materials and specifications vary. The piano pole is mostly made of paulownia wood, and the most common ones are 45 cm to 50 cm. The upper end of the head is in the shape of a square column with a flat top and no decoration. On the upper part of the piano rod, 14 cm from the top, there is a peg, made of boxwood or hardwood, conical, with a length of 15 cm. The piano rod is a cylinder, with a jack near the peg, and the lower end is inserted into the piano tube and exposed. The Qintong is cylindrical, usually made from a section of moso bamboo tube, with a length of 11 cm and a diameter of 5 cm. The front mouth of the tube is covered with a bamboo shoot shell, and the rear end of the tube is open. A bamboo or bone bridge is placed on the panel, and a horsetail string or silk string is stretched. The lower end of the string is tied to the binding string, which is a small bamboo pole with a knot at one end and passes through the bottom of the piano pole. The bow is made of thin bamboo or bamboo pieces tied with brown silk or horsetail. The bow rod has a large curvature and the bow is 40 centimeters long.
When playing, sit down, hold the piano in your left hand, place the piano barrel on your left knee, with the head of the piano close to your left shoulder, all five fingers can be used to press the strings, and hold the bow in your right hand to play outside the strings. The one-stringed huqin is often tuned to f1 or g1 and has a range of one octave. The sound is bright and clear, like the sound of a suona coming from afar. The volume is not loud, as if the violin has added pianissimo. There are very few stringed instruments in my country that use the thumb to press the strings, while the Yao ethnic group's duxianqin uses the inside of the thumb to press the strings. The left hand often uses techniques such as tapping and portamento to decorate the melody and imitate the timbre of the suona. The portamento usually glides in minor thirds from high to low. Can be used for solo, unison, ensemble or accompaniment. The Yao people often entertain themselves by playing solo on leisure nights in winter. They also often play in unison with two or more people or participate in the ensemble of the Yao Eight Immortals (i.e. Bayin). When playing solo, the two strings are often played in unison, and the bow hair is also divided into two parts and the strings are rubbed at the same time to produce a sound. There is no special music for the Duxian Huqin. It mostly plays the music of the Eight Immortals of the Yao people or suona tunes, such as "Eight Immortals Tune", "Welcoming Guests Tune", "Toast Tune", "Joining the Army", "Hepai", etc.
Bronze chime, a percussion musical instrument of the Zhuang, Miao, Yao and Dong ethnic groups. Popular in northern Guangxi and southwestern Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The alms bowl body is made of copper and looks like a pot, with a large mouth and a small and round bottom. The height of the chime is 9 cm, the mouth diameter is 14 cm, the bottom diameter is 9 cm, and the wall thickness is 1 cm.
When playing, the mouth of the chime is facing upward, and the base of the chime is fixed with a cloth ring, or the player holds it with his left hand and holds a short wooden hammer in his right hand to strike the wall of the chime to produce a sound. The sound is crisp, bright, melodious, and melodious, just like copper. The sound of the bell is long lasting and penetrating. Mainly used in Shigong Dojo activities.
The lion gong is a percussion musical instrument of the Zhuang, Dong, Yao, Miao, Yi, Jing, Mulao, Maonan and Han ethnic groups. Popular all over the country.
The mang tube is a single-reed air-sounding musical instrument of the Miao, Dong, Shui and Yao ethnic groups. Also known as Ditong, Mangtong and Lusheng Tong. In Miao language, it is called Guodong or Dongguomu, which means tube reed pipe. In Dong language, it is called Tongbu or Dong, which means big bamboo tube. Popular in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces.
In May, Paiyao, a branch of the Yao ethnic group, blows the instrument. In Yao language, it is called Er? Tu, which means cutting bamboo to make and play the flute in May, hence the name. It has a long history. In the book "Lingwai Daidai" (Volume 7 Musical Instrument Gate) written by Zhou Qufei in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are records about Yao musical instruments: "The flute has the same rhyme as the regular flute..." The flute here is probably Today’s May flute.
Popular in Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province.
The tube body is made of bamboo, mostly made of bamboo tubes with no knots in the middle, transparent ends, and a slightly thicker upper end. The tube length is 40 cm to 50 cm, the outer diameter of the upper end tube is 3 cm to 4 cm, and the inner diameter 2.4cm～3.4cm. There is a wooden stopper at the upper end of the pipe head. Cut off one side of the wooden stopper to form a half-moon shaped mouthpiece. The cut-off part forms an air inlet channel with the inner wall of the bamboo tube. There is a sound hole on the back of the tube body, below the air inlet 4 cm away from the head of the tube. There are six circular sound holes in the middle of the front of the tube body, and there are three sound holes below.
When playing, hold the pipe upright, press the first, second, and third holes with the ring finger, middle finger, and index finger of the left hand respectively, and press the fourth, fifth, and sixth holes with the ring finger, middle finger, and index finger of the right hand respectively. The upper lip is placed on the cork at the head of the pipe, and the lower lip wraps around the half-moon mouthpiece. The circulatory ventilation method is used to play. The airflow enters the impulsive sound hole from the airway, causing the air column in the pipe to vibrate and produce sound. The tube sound is d1-g1, and the range of octaves is commonly used for flat blowing. By overblowing, the range can reach two octaves. The flat blowing tone is soft and beautiful, while the super blowing tone is thin and sharp. Commonly used for soloing. The playing technique is the same as that of ordinary flutes, and it is good at playing beautiful and lyrical tunes.
The yellow mud drum is named after the drum surface is coated with yellow mud during playing. In ancient times, it was called blunderbuss drum, and it is also known as waist drum, long drum, long waist drum, and long harp. The Yao people beat the membrane to make a musical instrument, which is called the nunwang urn in the Yao language. Popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liannan Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong Province and other places.
There is a legend about the yellow mud drum among the Yao people: In the distant ancient times, there was an old man in a Yao village who often took his son to the mountains to hunt. Once he was pushed off a cliff by a goat and died. In order to mourn the old man, the son peeled off the goat's skin, covered it with a dead tree that had the heart of the tree hollowed out, and beat it on it. From then on, whenever there was a funeral in Yao Village, this kind of drum would be beaten to express condolences. There are two types of drums: male and female. When a husband dies, the wife should play the female drum and the son should play the male drum in front of the coffin; when the wife dies, the husband and son should play the male drum. This has become a Yao family custom that has been passed down from generation to generation.
Bee drum is so named because the drum body resembles a bee. It is a mixed membrane-beating musical instrument of the Zhuang, Yao and Maonan ethnic groups. It is also called horizontal drum because it is played horizontally in front of the abdomen. The Zhuang people also call it Yuegu. In Yao language, it is called Meng'ao and Rudao. The Maonan people call it Changgu. In addition, there are also names such as waist drum, tile drum and yellow mud drum. Popular throughout the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Wangdu, also known as Huangni Drum, Long Drum and Horizontal Drum. A mixed drum-beating musical instrument of the Yao ethnic group. Popular in Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province and other places.
Originating from the ancient thin-waisted drum, it was widely spread among the people during the Southern Song Dynasty. Li Laizhang of the Qing Dynasty recorded in "Lianyang Bapai Fengtu Ji": "(Paiyao) Yuan Xiao beats the gong and the long drum in a jumping manner. The long drum has a large, medium and small head, is coated with yellow mud, and is hung with a rope around the neck, or clouds It is also made in ancient times."
The drum body is made of a whole section of paulownia wood or fir wood, and the two ends are covered with goatskin, yellow leather or dog skin, and the leather surface is fixed on two circular iron rings. Cover the drum mouths at both ends, pull the leather-covered ropes at both ends, and insert the seven small bamboo tubes into the two adjacent ropes. Moving the small bamboo tubes can adjust the tension of the drum skin. Wangdu is in the shape of a long tube, and its shape is somewhat similar to the male yellow mud drum of the Jinxiu Aoyao tribe. The total length is 90 centimeters, the drum body is slightly thinner in the middle and slightly thicker at both ends. One end is trumpet-shaped with a diameter of 22 cm, and the other end is bowl-shaped with a diameter of 19 cm. The outer surface of the drum body is painted with red paint and decorated with golden ethnic patterns.
Before playing, apply wet yellow mud to the drum surface so that the drum sounds at the two ends are four or five degrees apart to produce a loud and deep sound. When playing, the drum belt is hung diagonally on the chest, with the trumpet-shaped end of the drum face facing the upper left. The left hand holds a piece of bamboo to play the drum face, and the right hand slaps the right end of the drum face. The player dances while beating. This is the Yao people's "Wangdu Drum Dance". 》. It is often played in duet by two people or performed by multiple people in a group, and is mostly used in festive festivals, folk activities, "counteroffer king's wishes" and harvest celebrations. It is not only the main accompaniment instrument of "Wangdu Drum", but also a dance prop.
Ox horn is a lip-vibrating air-sounding instrument of the Yao, Yi, Miao, Jingpo, Naxi, Nu, Dai, Buyi, Tujia, Gelao, Li and Han ethnic groups. It is popular in Guizhou, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces and regions, especially Nandan in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Qiannan and southeastern Guizhou in Guizhou Province.
When playing, the player with a smaller horn should hold the horn with both hands and play; the player with a larger horn should hold the base of the horn in front of the chest with his left hand and hold the horn with his right hand and play. The horn has no sound holes and no fixed pitch. Different pitches can be played by relying on mouth shape changes and breath control.
The smaller one has a high-pitched and sharp timbre; the larger one has a rich and melodious timbre, and can be used for solo or ensemble playing. In some areas of Hunan, horn tunes such as "Yu Huangfu", "Lao Junfu" and "Goat Crossing the Col" are also popular. Accompanied by gongs and drums when playing.
Trombone was called Changming, Zhongming, Zhaojun, Tongjiao, Machui, etc. in ancient times. It is a lip-vibrating air-sounding instrument of the Yao, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Hani, Buyi, Tujia, Uyghur, and Han ethnic groups. In Yao language, it is called Danglou. It is called Dabala in Yi language. It is called Manglie in Buyi language. It is called Kanayi in Uyghur language. The Han people call it tuba, long tip, trumpet, tip horn, etc. It is popular all over the country, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and other provinces and regions.
The Danglang of the Yao ethnic group and the trombone of the Zhuang and Miao ethnic groups are popular in western Guangxi and southeastern Guizhou. The total length of the tube body is 155 cm. The upper section is 30 cm long, the mouthpiece at the top is 5 cm in diameter and 0.8 cm deep, and the copper round package at the lower end is 6 cm in diameter. The middle segment is 61 cm long, the trumpet segment is 64 cm long, and the diameter of the bell mouth is 22 cm. When playing, pull out the upper and middle sections, straighten your left hand to support the pipe body, and hold the upper section with your right hand. The pipe body is slightly tilted to the left, and the mouth is attached to the pot-shaped mouthpiece to blow the sound, mostly the fundamental note and the first and third notes. The second overtone is a low, deep sound with a loud volume that can be heard for miles. Generally not played alone. In Guangxi and Guizhou, it is the bass instrument of the Bayin (ie Eight Immortals) bands of various ethnic groups. The music played is all eight-note music.
Yao drum: cylindrical shape. Popular in Nandan, Tianlin and other places in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The shapes vary from place to place. The large drums in Lihu and Yaozhai areas of Nandan County are often made of a whole section of camphor wood hollowed out to make a drum frame. The upper mouth is covered with untreated hairy cowhide on one side and fixed with bamboo nails. The diameter of the drum head is 60 cm to 70 cm. 90cm to 100cm high, with the lower end open. The big drums from Pingshan and other places in Tianlin County have a drum frame made of wooden boards and both ends are covered with cowhide. The diameter of the drum head is about 80 cm and the height of the drum is 100 cm to 120 cm. The Yao drum is the conductor and lead instrument of the Yao bronze drum band. When playing, it is placed in the center of the band and struck with double hammers to make a loud sound. The playing methods include straddling the legs, bending over, counter-beating, cross-beating, etc., and alternately hitting the heart, rim or frame of the drum. The player dances while playing, with ever-changing playing methods and graceful and moving postures. It is mostly used in ethnic festivals, weddings and funerals and other occasions.
The monkey drum of the Yao people and the drum-beating musical instrument of the Yao people. It is named after its accompaniment to "Monkey Dance". It is popular in the Yao area of ??Shanglin County in the central part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
According to legend, during the Danu Festival of the Yao people (also known as Yao Year or Zu Niang Festival), the Yao people of the Bunu branch hold a festival from the 27th to the 29th of the fifth lunar month. A three-day grand national festival commemorating the great victory of our ancestors against the feudal dynasty. At that time, men, women and children of the Yao people, dressed in costumes, would gather in the Drum Hall from all directions to celebrate. The gongs and drums are noisy, and people sing and dance. Folk dances performed include monkey drum dance, copper drum dance, Lusheng dance, ox horn dance, etc. The dancers dance while playing, and the atmosphere is extremely lively, reflecting the Yao ancestors' struggle against enemies and production activities.
Singles, also known as hand gongs and hand rests. It is a percussion musical instrument of the Zhuang, Dong and Yao ethnic groups. Popular in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The body of the gong is made of ringed copper and is shaped like a disk. The surface of the gong is flat and has no navel. The edge of the gong is slightly wider and perpendicular to the surface of the gong. It has a solemn and honest appearance. Common gongs have a surface diameter of 14 cm, a side width of 2.5 cm, a wall thickness of 0.3 cm, no holes on the side, and no gong rope. The gong is made of wood, the head of the gong is bent at a right angle, and the gong is 14 cm long.
When playing, hold the gong in the palm of your left hand with the gong facing up, and play with gravity in your right hand. The pronunciation is short, high and sharp. It is used in Guangxi and Guangdong folk instrumental ensembles, color tunes, Yong operas, Guinan tea-picking operas and other local opera accompaniments and in Shigong dojos.
The Yao bamboo tube is also called the bamboo tube qin. It is a falling body-sounding musical instrument of the Yao people. It is popular in Shanglin County and other places in the central part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
It is made of a bamboo tube with a length of 120 cm to 140 cm and a diameter of 9 cm to 10 cm. The upper end is open, the bamboo knot is opened in the middle, and the bottom of the lower end is knotted. It is better to choose moso bamboo with a straight barrel body and thin barrel walls, and decorate the outer surface of the barrel with various patterns.
When playing, the player stands on the side of the tube, holds the upper end of the bamboo tube with both hands, and hits the ground with the bottom of the bamboo tube, making a rhythmic "dong dong" sound. The pronunciation and volume are directly related to the length, diameter and thickness of the bamboo tube. The shorter the bamboo tube, the smaller the tube diameter, and the thicker the tube wall, the higher the pronunciation will be; otherwise, the pronunciation will be lower.
Old bamboo with a straight body and thin walls has the best pronunciation, bright tone, strong ringing and good transmission. Used as accompaniment for folk songs and dances. In national festivals or festive occasions, several or more than a dozen bamboo tubes are often played at the same time, creating a harmonious sound and a warm atmosphere.
Yao Ling is a rocking musical instrument of the Yao people. The Yao people call it Ling. Popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Napo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and other places.
Nanduhe: In Yao Village in the mountains on the Sino-Vietnamese border, one of the most primitive and oldest wind instruments, "Nanduhe", is still preserved. This kind of musical instrument is rolled from the leaves of a species called "Leke" on the side of Yaoshan Mountain. The production is very simple. It consists of two parts. One part is a bamboo tube, about a foot long, with one or two holes dug in it. When playing, press and release it flexibly with your fingers to make an irregular "Num-Du-Du" sound. -Drink" has three sounds, hence the name "Nanduhe". The other part is the sound-transmitting leaf tube, which is made of long "leke" leaves rolled up at one end of the bamboo tube to form a trumpet shape. When played, the sound produced by the instrument is crisp, melodious and melodious. According to legend, it is a signal sent by the young men and women of the Yao family during the Chinese Valentine's Day date.
In addition, the Yao people play "Nanduhe" to express their good wishes for a good harvest. Whenever the rice, melons and fruits in the fields are about to mature, the Yao people immediately make and play "Nanduhe" and sing folk songs while playing: "Nundu~hehe, the grain~ripe~ripe (the fruit~ripe~ Ripe)", hoping for a good harvest.
Konoha is the simplest and oldest musical instrument. To blow wood leaves, you must choose excellent tree species, usually non-toxic leaves such as orange, grapefruit, poplar, maple, holly, etc. The structure of the leaves should be well-proportioned, and the front and back sides should be flat and smooth, so that the leaves are moderately flexible, neither old nor tender. Better. The leaves that are too young are soft and difficult to pronounce; the leaves that are too old are hard and the tone is not soft. The size of the leaves also has a lot to do with the playing. Leaves that are too large or too small are not convenient for playing, and the pronunciation is not concentrated. Generally used leaves are more suitable with a leaf length of 5.5 cm and a middle leaf width of about 2.2 cm. The leaves are not resistant to blowing. A leaf will become soft and tattered after being blown several times and cannot be used again. Therefore, the player needs to have multiple leaves as backup when playing.