Wang Mang’s reform, restoration and reform trend and Wang Mang’s usurpation of the Han Dynasty:

1. The main social problems in the late Western Han Dynasty. In the late Western Han Dynasty, land annexation developed rapidly, and the life of the ruling class became more luxurious and decadent. These uprisings Dealing a heavy blow to the ruling class;

2. The trend of "restoration and reform". The rule of the Western Han Dynasty was approaching its end, so a trend of "restoration and reform" arose among the upper classes of the ruling class, requiring the Han court to follow ancient rituals and local customs. According to the provisions of morality, the Qin system was changed to a new system, and reforms were carried out in sacrifices, music, clothing, official names, minefields, currency, calendar, Mingtang, etc., in order to save the national destiny of the Han Dynasty.