1. Historical evolution of Pinghu

Pinghu has a long history. From archaeological excavations, there are Daimudun ruins in Washan, Zhuwangmiao ruins in Qianjintongjie Village, and Pingqiu Dun in Huanggu. The ruins include the Daduntou ruins in Xincang, the Tuze ruins in Qianjintuze Village, the stables temple ruins in Mewang Temple, the Dafengtang ruins at Shengli Dayanmen, the Lidun ruins in Lidun Village, and the recently excavated Zhuangqiao Bridge in Lindai Town. Cemetery sites, etc. The unearthed stone tools, pottery, jades, animal bones and other relics prove that ancestors have been engaged in labor and reproduction here as far back as the Neolithic Age (belonging to the Liangzhu Culture and Majiabang Culture, about 6000-5000 years ago).

According to historical records: During the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to the State of Yue, then to the State of Wu, and then to the State of Yue. During the Warring States Period, King Wei of Chu defeated Yue and became the land of Chu.

After the unification of the six countries in the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), the system of prefectures and counties was implemented and Kuaiji County was established. The following year, Haiyan County was built and the city was governed in Huating Township (today's Jinshan District, Shanghai). The mountain is named Zheshan, the forest is named Zhelin, and Pinghu is its southwest boundary.

In the 35th year of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty (212 BC), the lake was submerged into a lake, named Zhehu, and the governance of Haiyan County was moved to Wuyuan Township (now Pinghu, which was called Wuyuan Township in the Spring and Autumn Period).

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaodi of the Western Han Dynasty (201 BC), it belonged to the fiefdom of Liu Jia, King of Jing. In the 12th year (195 BC), it belonged to the fiefdom of Liu Bi, King of Wu. In the fourth year of Emperor Jingdi (153 BC) It belonged to Yangzhou at that time.

In the first year of Xinmang Tianfeng (AD 14), the county name was changed to Zhanwu.

In the third year of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 27), it was renamed Haiyan. In the second year of Emperor Shun's Yongjian reign (AD 127), the county government was submerged into a lake (today's East Lake), and the county government was moved to the hometown city of Qijing Township.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it was a territory belonging to Soochow, and the south field of the salt field was set up in the west of Baishawan.

In the seventh year of Xiankang (AD 341), Emperor Cheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the city fell into the sea and moved his horse to the city.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty and the Southern Qi Dynasty remained unchanged. In the third year of Taiqing reign of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty (AD 549), Hou Jing established two counties, Haiyan and Xupu, under the jurisdiction of Wu County. It was changed to Wuyuan County and soon to Haiyan. In the second year of Chen Yongding (AD 558), Wu County was divided into three counties, namely Yanguan, Haiyan and Qianjing, and Haining County was established, which was soon abolished.

In the ninth year of Emperor Wen's reign (589 AD), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty once entered Yanguan County and was under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou.

In the ninth year of Emperor Wude's reign (AD 608), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty restored Haiyan County. It was abandoned many times and moved to Jiaxing County three times and Wuxian County once. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan (717 AD) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Haiyan County was restored. Pinghu is the northeastern boundary of Haiyan.

In the fourth year of Huichang (844 AD), Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty established Zhapu Town as an envoy.

During the Five Dynasties, Wu Yue (Qian Liu) still set up Zhapu Town to contain it.

In the first year of Qingyuan of Ningzong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1195 AD), Danghu Winery was set up.

In the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1276) from Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Danghu Wu, Zhapu Wu, Guangchen Wu and Zhapu Shipping Department were established.

In the first year of Yuanzhen (AD 1295) of Yuan Chengzong, Haiyan County was promoted to Haiyan Prefecture, under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing Road.

In the second year of Hongwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (1369 AD), Haiyan County was restored, Danghu Affairs was changed to Danghu Taxation Bureau, and Guangchen and Zhapu were abolished.

In the fourth year of Xuande reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1429), Ye Chun, a city resident, took part in politics and asked officials to patrol the major counties in the south of the Yangtze River. He ordered Hu Gai, the minister of Dali Temple, to go with him. The three counties of Chongde and Haiyan, with a territory of 1,930 and 9, have a population of 296,300, a tax of more than 850,000 dan, courses, military supplies and other items are increased several times by the government. If there are too many complicated affairs, it is advisable to establish additional county offices and establish separate officials. She Heng, a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, was ordered to go to the Chief Secretary of Zhejiang Province to inspect the land, inquire about the people, and hear the plans. As a result, Heng also reported to Jiaxing Prefecture that it was appropriate to add four more counties: Pinghu, Xiushui, Jiashan, and Tongxiang, and the imperial edict was accepted. So on March 28, the fifth year of Xuande (AD 1430), the northeastern territory of Haiyan County was divided into Zhidanghu Town of Pinghu County, which governed Dayi, Qijing, Wuyuan and Huating townships, and was under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing Prefecture.

In the 19th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1386), Xin Guogong Tanghe set up Zhapu to guard the Qianhu residence, surveyed the land and built Zhapu city.

On September 12, the 32nd year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1553), the county wall was built to ward off the Japanese. In the thirty-fifth year (AD 1556), two urn cities were built in the northeast. In the forty-first year (AD 1562), battlements were added. The city was 2 feet 5 feet high and 2 feet wide. It was 9 miles around and had 5 Lumen and 5 Water Gates. , the city river is more than 5 feet wide.

In early June of the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1645), the Qing army arrived in Jiaxing from the south. On June 23, Zhu Tulong was appointed magistrate of Pinghu County. The people resisted, and the county magistrate Zhu Tulong was assassinated. On July 23, Qing soldiers massacred the county town. Wang Si, a Danyang native who was in peace, resisted the Qing soldiers at the gate of the east city and died. The residents in the city were able to escape.

In the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1685), sea restrictions were imposed, and Zhapu was an open port, one of the 15 ports under the jurisdiction of Ningbo Customs.

On July 15, the 10th year of Xianfeng’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1860), the Taiping Army captured the county seat and left on the 18th. On the fifth day of August, they regained control of the county seat and retreated to Jiaxing. On the tenth day of March, the eleventh year (AD 1861), the Taiping Army captured the county seat three times and established local government. By the seventh day of November, the second year of Tongzhi (AD 1863), the Taiping Army lost the war. , Pinghu guard Chen Dianxuan surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Zhapu guard Xiong Jianxun also surrendered to the Qing Dynasty on November 12, marking the end of the Taiping Army's rule in Pinghu.

On September 16, the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1911), more than 300 people from Xinfeng came to Pinghu and claimed to be a people's army. On September 20, the Jiaxing military government sent civilian troops to Pinghu. The county magistrate Gaozhuang Kai escaped. Local people from all walks of life elected Xue Zhenji as the chief of civil affairs, and Pinghu was recovered.

In the first year of the Republic of China (AD 1912), the county office was established, the civil affairs chief was changed to the governor, the government was abolished, and Pinghu was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province.

In the third year of the Republic of China (AD 1914), Zhejiang Province restored the road, and Pinghu became part of the Qiantang Road.

In May of the 16th year of the Republic of China (AD 1927), the county office was abolished, the county government was established, the governor was changed to the county head, the road system was abolished, and Pinghu was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province.

In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936 AD), Zhejiang Province established nine administrative inspectorate offices, and Pinghu was affiliated with the Second Inspectorate Office.

On November 5, the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China (AD 1937), Japanese troops landed in the area of ??Quan Gong Pavilion and Jinsiniang Bridge. On November 18, Japanese troops invaded the county and Pinghu fell.

On August 15, the 34th year of the Republic of China (AD 1945), Japan announced its surrender. On August 25, county magistrate Guan Zhendong led his troops into the county to take over the county administration. On September 3, the Japanese troops left the country.

On May 11, the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (AD 1949), the 58th Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Pinghu. The Kuomintang's temporary Eighth Division retreated, and Pinghu was declared liberated. On June 1, the People's Government of Pinghu County was established, and on October 1, all walks of life in Pinghu celebrated the birth of the People's Republic of China.

In May 1950, four villages in Daicheng Township were included in Jiashan County. Ten villages in Qilian Township are included in Haiyan County.

In November 1958, the three communes of Xitang in Haiyan County and Zhongdai and Caoqiao of Jiaxing County were incorporated into Pinghu County.

In December 1961, the three communes of Xitang, Haitang and Yuantong were returned to Haiyan County.

The Pinghu County Revolutionary Committee was established on November 7, 1968, replacing the Pinghu County Party Committee and the County People's Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In September 1981, the County Revolutionary Committee was abolished and the County People's Government was restored.

On June 28, 1991, Pinghu County was abolished and Pinghu City (county-level city) was established.

2. Nanhetou, known as Mingkeli in ancient times, is located in Danghu Town, connected to Jianguo Road in the east and Yingrui Bridge in the west. The "Full Map of the County Government" in the "Pinghu County Chronicle" will be published tomorrow. Note, "Pinghu County Chronicles" published by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty records: "...to the north of the west is a cross street from Hujiahui, which is called Keli on one day, and is commonly known as Nanhetou." When Pinghu was established as a city (1430), Mingkeli was already a large block. . History has progressed and the vicissitudes of life have changed. Although it has been eroded by time and war, the ancient style and appearance of Nanhetou still remain.

According to Pingzhengfa (1998) No. 127 of the Pinghu Municipal People’s Government, Nanhetou was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit (region) of the city; on April 14, 1999, it was designated by the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the Provincial Construction A five-member expert team composed of the department came to Pinghu for investigation and inspection. They believed that Nanhetou is a precious historical and cultural heritage of Pinghu and has protection value. On February 28, 2000, the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government issued the notice of the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the Provincial Construction Department on the announcement of the second batch of provincial-level historical and cultural cities and historical and cultural protection areas in the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government (2000) No. 27 》, Nanhetou was listed as a historical and cultural reserve in Zhejiang Province.

The water from Hantang comes from the west and flows into the Gan River. It looks like a jade belt inlaid in it. The revetments made of stone are neat and uniform. On the revetments, stone noses for fastening boats can be seen everywhere; half of the water is crossed with different postures. Submerged in the water, he still held his pipa and half-covered his face. The beam-style stone bridges welcome Rui, Mingxi, Lishi, Xiuyuan and Yongning, which are simple and solemn; the stone roads paved with Wukang stone are full of old traces. A group of private houses in the late Qing Dynasty stand side by side, embodying the rich cultural connotation of Jiangnan ancient architecture. In particular, the residences of famous families, represented by the Mo Manor, a provincial key cultural relic protection unit built in the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1897), are characterized by their generous scale, compact layout, exquisite structure, gorgeous carvings, and orderly heights. It is well-proportioned and the majesty of the past can be imagined. There are white walls and green tiles, one door with three hanging tarts, and wooden-structured citizen houses with bedrooms upstairs, living rooms downstairs, and kitchens in the back house. The old folk sentiments can still be vaguely discerned. There is the Zhichuan School, the earliest new school in Danghu founded by Ge family, a prominent family in Pinghu. It has been in operation for 35 years and has trained a large number of experts and scholars, such as Zou Yuanzhen, a metallurgical expert who is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Lvqi, a rice expert who is a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the famous Zhou Zhenfu, an expert on ancient documents, etc., whose glory will always be recorded in history; although the current site of the school has been moved to other uses, you can still feel the past style when you see the walls of its buildings.

"The writing is towering out of the middle of the water, directly to Wuyun Township. It is cold and rain is flying on the mountains on the sea, and the moon is setting in the city. The frost is on thousands of tiles. The Buddha is bowed and folded. The bells in the Dharma Hall are returning from morning to evening, not Yingzhou but Above." This is a poem from Feng Minxiao, a student of the Ming Dynasty. The Baoben Pagoda is a landmark ancient building in Pinghu. It was built in the 42nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1563) and was initiated by Lu Gao, a native of the city who once served as the head of the Ministry of Punishment. The completed pagoda at that time had seven floors, more than 19 feet high from the ground, surrounded by eaves and hanging bells on the corners. The sound of the bells could be heard for miles when the wind moved. After the pagoda was completed, Lu Gao and others built Baoben Temple next to the pagoda. In the seventh year of Wanli, the temple was completed, and the pagoda and temple were collectively called Baoben Pagoda Courtyard.

As time goes by, Baoben Pagoda has been demolished, rebuilt and continuously repaired. The existing tower has five floors, a height of 49.14 meters, and an octagonal plane. Entering the tower from the south entrance, there are spiral stone steps leading to the top.

There is a circular space between the levels, separated by a dome. There is a large wooden pillar on the top floor that is held by two people. The wooden pillars penetrate the top of the tower, and the heavy and spectacular iron tower is set on top. When you climb up to the Baoben Pagoda, you can see the Nine Peaks in the distance and the East Lake up close. The beautiful scenery is all in your eyes.

Pagoda Fair is located in the East Lake and is not connected to the land. Later, during the Kangxi and Yongzheng years, Qiyuan Bridge and Tongji Bridge were built respectively, commonly known as Xibaota Bridge and Dongbaota Bridge. There is a poem about Qiu Mountain in the Qing Dynasty: "One stretch of water is blue and smooth, two Qiyuan and Tongji bridges are horizontal, the slanting light is half-falling outside the cloud mountain, and the shadow of the tower is shining brightly." It is a charming scenery.

During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Baoben Pagoda Courtyard was a famous ancient temple with hundreds of monks and prosperous incense. Many gentry and wealthy households held Buddhist services in the Pagoda Courtyard. The scenery of the pagoda courtyard is beautiful and fascinating, and there are endless tourists all year round.

After hundreds of years of vicissitudes and man-made and natural damage and erosion, the Pagoda has tilted and its body has become increasingly desolate. At the end of 2000, with the attention of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government and the efforts of relevant departments, the correction and foundation reinforcement project of the Baoben Tower was successfully completed. In July 2002, the restorative maintenance project of the Baoben Tower body was started and is expected to be fully completed by early 2003. In 1992, with the approval of the competent authorities, the Pinghu Buddhist Association rebuilt the Baoben Temple in the southeast corner of Baotawei by the lake. The first step was to build the Tianzhu Hall, which was completed in the fourth quarter of that year and began to receive pilgrims. A small garden was built on the east side of the hall, and five flat houses and five two-story buildings were built on the east side of the garden to serve as a canteen, a Maitreya room and a dormitory for monks. In 1997, the Main Hall was built to the east of Baoben Pagoda. The base of the hall is made of mortar blocks, with five bays and a yellow glazed tile roof. It is tall and solemn. Believers came here because of its reputation, and the incense became more and more popular.