1. Young Tao Kan was lonely and poor. He was a postman for the military governor

Mrs. Zhan took young Tao Kan and lived a life of poverty.

Once, Tao Kan's good friend Fan Kui and others passed through Deyang. It was already very late and they came to Tao Kan's house to stay overnight. It happened to be snowing heavily. In a hurry, there was nothing to entertain the guests. Tao Kan felt bad about leaving, and Fan Kui was also embarrassed. It was not good to leave, but it was not good to stay, so he was very hesitant.

When Mrs. Zhan saw it, she hurriedly greeted: "It doesn't matter, it doesn't matter, stay here, stay here." While the guests were sitting around chatting, Mrs. Zhan cut off her hair privately and made it into a wig. Sell ??it to neighbors, buy wine and meat, and entertain guests like Fan Kui.

Since it was snowing and there was no firewood outside, Zhan built a few old floor slabs to use as firewood. As the guest suddenly arrived and the horse's fodder could not be found for a while, Zhan took some grass from the bed and chopped it up to feed the horse.

Fan Kui and his servants were deeply moved and left the next day with thousands of thanks. And praised: "But this mother would not have given birth to this son."

After that, the relationship with Tao Kan became even closer, and they even kept in touch with their children and grandchildren. . 2. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Zhen Shao Gu Pong"

The king of Wei was preparing to attack Handan. When Ji Liang heard about this, he returned halfway and had no time to stretch out the wrinkles in his clothes or wash the dust on his hair. , so he hurriedly went to see the King of Wei and said: "When I came back today, I met a man on the road, driving his car to the north. He told me: 'I want to go to the Kingdom of Chu.'

< p> 'I said: 'Since you want to go to Chu State, why are you going north? ' He said: 'My horse is good.' I said: 'Although the horse is good, this is not the way to Chu State. ! ' He said: 'My travel expenses are high.

'I said: 'Even though the travel expenses are high, this is not the direction to Chu State.' He also said: 'My driver is good at driving. /p>

'I finally said: 'The better these things are, the farther away you will be from the Kingdom of Chu!' Now every action of the king wants to establish hegemony, and every action wants to gain prestige in the world; However, relying on the strength of the Wei State and the superiority of the army to attack Handan in order to expand the land and establish a noble status, the more the king does this, the farther and farther away he will be from the cause of the king. This is not what he thought. Is it the same as those who went to Chu but went north?" 3. The translation of Tao Kan's classical Chinese works

Original text

When Kan had nothing to do in Guangzhou, he would transport hundreds of coins outside his house in the morning and inside his house in the evening. When people asked him why, he replied: "We are committed to the Central Plains, and we have an easy time crossing here. I am afraid that I will not be able to do anything, so I am working hard."...

Kan is smart and diligent by nature. He sits with his knees bent all day long. All affairs in the government have been thoroughly examined and taken care of, so there is not much time to spare. A common saying goes: "Sage Yu the Great cherished every inch of his yin. As for everyone, he should cherish every yin. How could he just wander around and get drunk, live in vain, and die in obscurity? This is self-abandonment!"

Translation

When Tao Kan was in Guangzhou, he would always transport the white bricks outside the study in the morning when he had nothing to do, and then transport them back to the study in the evening. When others asked him why he did this, he replied: "I am committed to regaining the lost territory of the Central Plains. I am too leisurely and comfortable. I am afraid that I will not be able to take on big things, so I make myself hard."

Tao Kan is smart and agile. , humble and polite to others, and diligent in work. .Sitting cross-legged all day long, checking and managing that nothing was missed, and not having any leisure time. He often said to others: "Yu was a saint, and he cherished time so much. For all of us, we should cherish time even more. How can we only think about a life of ease, fun, and drunkenness? We can't care about the country while we are alive. It's good. After you die, future generations won't hear about your good name. This is self-destruction."

Zong: Brick Studio: Study is dedicated to: working hard to restore the Central Plains: today's Henan area

Youyi: too idle: unable to take on important tasks. Gong: cautious

Kneel down: cross-legged. Sitting dangerously: sitting upright. Military Mansion: Headquarters

Inspection and management: inspection and management. Being drunk: eating, drinking, having fun, and hearing: leaving a name

Self-abandonment: ruining yourself 4. Classical Chinese: Zhen Shao is an orphan and a poor man Translation + Explanation + Questions

Original text: Zhen Shao is an orphan and a poor man, serving his mother with filial piety Sincerely.

In the new year, the crown has not yet been defeated. How can I hear about Liu from the country of Pei? Gather a crowd to speak. Follow it from beginning to end, excel in others but study hard,? It is a very strange gift, and I will crown it personally.

Where? I have been under Xian's family for many years, coming and going home, wearing cloth clothes and walking on the road alone. ? There are many carriages and horses at the door, and you can spend a lot of money traveling there. I am so ashamed to be attentive to the door.

He is a long-time scholar and has extensive knowledge of Confucian classics, especially the "Three Rites". He is straightforward in nature, likes to speak dangerously and makes high-minded remarks, and is not popular with scholars and friends.

Wei got along well with his younger brother Xiao Chen, whose name was oral debate. Translation: Fan Zhen's father died when he was young. His family was poor and he served his mother filial and respectful.

When he was under twenty, he studied with Liu Wangxian, a scholar from Pei State. Liu Wangxian valued him particularly and personally crowned him. Fan Zhen had been under Liu Wangxian's sect for many years, always wearing straw sandals and common clothes when going out for a walk.

Most of Liu Wangxian's disciples were the children of princes and nobles who rode in carriages and horses. Fan Zhen lived among them, and he did not feel ashamed at all. When Fan Zhen became an adult, he became proficient in Confucian classics and was especially proficient in the Three Rites (Zhou Rites, Rites, and the Book of Rites).

He is simple and frank by nature, and likes to publish unconventional and grand opinions, which are considered inappropriate by his friends. He only gets along best with his cousin Xiao Chen. Xiao Chen is famous for his eloquence, but he always admires Fan Zhen for his concise answers; The reasons for holding a crown ceremony for Fan Zhen: 1. Most of the disciples of King Liu Gu are the children of princes and nobles who ride in carriages and horses. 2. They are content with poverty and are filial to their mothers. 3. He is outstanding and diligent. Evaluation of Fan Zhen: capable and diligent. Be hardworking, filial, and content with poverty. 5. Translation of classical Chinese

Original text of "Chutan Collection" by Bingyuan Weeping Studies When Bingyuan Shaogu was several years old, he passed by the bookstore and wept. The teacher said: "Why do you cry, boy?" The original saying is: "The orphan is easy to be hurt, and the poor is easy to be affected. Those who write books have relatives when they are scholars. One is to hope that they are not alone, and the other is to envy them to learn. The center I feel sad, so I cry." The teacher said sadly: "I want to write a book!" The original saying is: "I have no money." The teacher said: "The boy is ambitious, I will teach you, and I don't ask for money." So he wrote. . During the winter, I recited "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius". Translation: Bing Yuan lost his father when he was young. When he was a few years old, he passed by the book school and couldn't help crying (hearing the sound of books). The teacher of the book school asked him: "Why are children crying?" Bing Yuan replied: "Orphans are easy to be sad, and poor people are easy to be sentimental. Those who are studying, and those who can learn, must be children with parents. Firstly, I envy them that they are not alone, and secondly, I envy them that they can go to school. I feel sad in my heart, and I cry because of it. The teacher took pity on Yu and said, "If you want to study, just come!" "Bing Yuan entered the school and studied very hard. In one winter, he mastered the "Book of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius". The valuable thing about teachers in Shu Shu is that they are good at discovering malleable talents and have a kind heart and compassion. Xiang Bing Original learning: the spirit of pursuing the right to learn, cherishing learning opportunities, and studying diligently 6. Translation of Xu Bozhen, courtesy name Wenchu, in classical Chinese

Xu Bozhen, courtesy name Wenchu, was a native of Taimo, Dongyang.

Bo. Zhen Shao was lonely and poor, and had no paper to study. He often used bamboo arrows, bamboo leaves, sweet bananas and the ground to study. .

After ten years of studying the classics and history, many scholars relied on it. Eryan.

Gu Huan of Wu County published the "Zhuyi" in "Shangshu", and Bozhen's instructions were very coherent, and Confucian scholars followed it. ③It's a hidden place.

In the second year, a catalpa tree grew in front of the door.

The family was very poor. ④The four brothers all faced each other. People at that time called him Si Hao. He died in the fourth year of Jianwu at the age of eighty-four. (Selected from Volume 76 of "Southern History", with abridgements.) Wang Tansheng of Langya, Zhang Yan of Wujun: and "Gu Huan of Wujun" below are both place names. ②Pi: recruitment (for officials) ③Longqiuchang: personal name. p> ④Poverty. Translated by Xu Bozhen, courtesy name Wenchu, who was born in Taimo, Dongyang.

Xu Bozhen lost his father in his early years and his family was poor. He practiced calligraphy on bamboo leaves and the ground when a flash flood occurred. All the neighbors in the village hurriedly fled, but Xu Bozhen stacked the bed and stayed on it, reading more and more.

After ten years, he has studied the classics and history, so most people who travel to study follow him. .

Xiao Tansheng, king of Langxie, the prefect, and Zhang Yan, a native of Wujun, both hired him. Xu Bozhen immediately returned after his appointment. He did this twelve times.

Zhengshi Shen Yan and Xu Bozhen chatted side by side to express their sincere and unwavering friendship. Gu Huan, a native of Wujun County, found out some unclear meanings in "Shang Shu". Xu Bozhen's explanations and answers were very logical, so Confucian scholars highly respected him. There was a high mountain nine miles south of his home, which Ban Gu called Jiuyan Mountain. The place where Long Qiuchang lives in seclusion.

There are many dragon-bearing cypresses growing on the mountain, which look colorful, and the world calls it Women's Rock. Two years later, Xu Bozhen moved to Ouli.

There is a catalpa tree growing in front of his house. It grows so strong every year that two people must hug it. The stone wall facing the building suddenly shone brightly with red light at night.

After a while, it went out again. There was a pair of white sparrows perched on the door and window of his house. People talked a lot, thinking that this was the result of the virtue of seclusion. In the second year of Yongming's reign, King Yuzhang, the governor, hired him to serve as a councilor, but he refused to commit suicide.

His family was very poor, and his four brothers all faced each other with white heads. People at the time called him the "Four Hao". In the fourth year of Jianwu, Xu Bozhen passed away at the age of eight.

There are more than a thousand people who accept his teachings. 7. Yunzhai Ji, Ming Dynasty Beiqiong's classical Chinese translation

In the past, when Tao Kan, the Duke of Changsha, was the governor of Guangzhou, he would transport a hundred bricks outside the house in the morning and transport a few bricks back into the house at night. Someone asked him the reason, and he replied: "I am committed to regaining the Central Plains, so (I have to) persist in working." Alas, the Jin Dynasty crossed the river to the south, and everyone in the court was in peace, abandoning the Central Plains without caring about it. Tao Kan alone had this ambition, and it was not something that someone who could just sit and talk about Lao Zhuang could catch up with him. When he was in charge of Jingzhou, Xiangzhou and other prefectures, he inspected and rectified various affairs of the military government without a moment's rest. He once said to others: "A saint like Dayu cherishes every inch of his time. As for ordinary people, they should cherish every inch of their time. How can they only seek leisure and tranquility? Life is of no benefit to society, and after death there will be no one among future generations." Good reputation." He is smart, sharp, respectful and hard-working, which can be seen here, and it is not just about delivering bricks.

I originally thought that he has a strong military force, occupies an important terrain, and has been accumulating power and vigor for a long time. He should lead the counties to ask for orders to march north to rescue the people from the rule of the northern peoples and snow national humiliation. But he stayed on one side for forty years. His so-called insistence on working hard and dedicating himself to regaining the Central Plains was nothing more than empty talk.

Besides, barbarian invasions continued to occur and were difficult to eradicate and pacify. Su Jun launched a rebellion, the country fell apart and the monarch was humiliated. This was the time when his ministers were shattered to pieces. When soldiers gathered together, he actually went back west against everyone's wishes, allowing the enemy to harm himself. What was his intention? In the Zhou Dynasty, the Taishu leader fought for the throne, the Qi State had the disaster of Duke Huan of Qi in Tao, and the Jin Dynasty had the disaster of Jin Wenping and the Taishu leader. Tao Kan compared himself to Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin, but he was doing things for the monarch like this, so how could he really implement what he said when transporting bricks? In the past, Bian Dun could have been punished for the crime of obstructing the army and Gu Wang not going to the national disaster. Bian Dun could have been killed. Tao Kan's great contribution to quelling the national disaster was also because Wen Qiao and others angered him with justice. Unlike Bian Dun, he was lucky enough to win the victory in quelling Su Jun's rebellion. If he had backed down at that time, things would have almost happened. When you succeed, you fail, so what's the difference with Bian Dun? Mei Tao praised him for being as talented and knowledgeable as Wei Wu, and as loyal and hardworking as Kong Ming, but it was too much.

Even so, the Jin Dynasty gained peace after facing danger, and was preserved after its demise. It was indeed due to his strength. This was the greatest contribution among the officials, and it was recorded in the history books. So I talked about it again and again. Although he did not do things well, his words can be learned and imitated by all generations. Why? The general condition of people is that they are indolent and indolent. Everything in the world succeeds due to diligence and fails due to comfort. Isn’t it great to transport bricks?

For this reason Shan Yangjiang of Shanshan named his study Yun Zong Zhai, probably because he could be aspiring to be diligent. At first, Yang Yuan was studying in the mountains and did not want to be an official when he was old. In the fourth year of Hongwu, the emperor issued an edict to recruit all Confucian scholars, and the princes forcibly recommended him. After arriving in the capital, he declined again, and the officials awarded him the position of Hanyang Lake Envoy.

Then, no matter whether the official position is high or low, if one can have ambition and diligence, then what he does must be superior to others, and his life will not be wasted. Because he sent a letter from Pegasus three thousand miles away, asking for a note for him, so I wrote a reply to him. Like Tao Kan's handling of political affairs, the folks in Hanyang still praised him. And he defeated Chen Min in Wuchang, put down Du Tao's rebellion in Xiangzhou, and looking for his relics, we can imagine that his talent, magnanimity and spirit can be left behind for thousands of years. 8. Chu Qin came from a poor family

Translation

Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), named Yuanliang, was the great-grandson of Tao Kan, the great Sima. His grandfather, Tao Mao, once served as the prefect of Wuchang. When he was young, he had a noble mind, was knowledgeable and good at writing, free and generous without being formal, and was proud of his true temperament, so he was valued by his neighbors in the village. I once wrote "The Biography of Mr. Five Willows" to describe myself: "I don’t know who Mr. Wu is or his name. There are five willow trees next to the house, so he takes this as his nickname. He is quiet and quiet and talks little. He does not like vanity and wealth. He likes to read. , but did not explain thoroughly, once I understood the content of the book, I was so happy that I forgot to eat. But my family was poor and couldn't get it often, so they would sometimes buy him a drink. Come here, he will drink all the time, and the purpose is to get drunk. After getting drunk, he will not restrain his emotions at all. I don’t care. I often write articles to amuse myself. It can show my ambition and I don’t care about gains and losses. I use this to end my life.” His preface is said to be a true record. The person in charge heard about it and appointed him as Peng Zeling. He has always been simple and self-loving and never flattered his superiors. The county sent the governor to his county. His subordinates said that he should put on his belt (wear formal clothes) to see the governor. Tao Qian sighed and said: "I can't bend down (lose my dignity) for five bushels of rice (these salary). I am cautious." Do things for the little people in the countryside!" In the second year of Yixi, he returned the seal and ribbon and left Pengze County, so he wrote "Return and Lai Xi Ci". On a moonlit night in summer, when I had free time, I would lie high up under the north window, and the breeze would suddenly hit my face, making me feel like Emperor Xi. Tao Qian didn't know music, but he had a qin with no five notes. Whenever his friends drank together, he would play the qin and listen to the music and say, "As long as you understand the true meaning of the qin, why bother with the strings to make the sound." Tao Qian He died in the middle of the Song and Yuan Dynasties at the age of sixty-three, and his collection of essays has been circulated around the world. Because his relatives were old and poor, Yan Zhao appointed him to offer wine to the state. He didn't wait to endure the position of an official and went home on his own within a few days. The state hired him as chief clerk, but he refused to go and farmed to support himself, so he became emaciated. He also joined the Zhenjun and Jianwei army, and said to his relatives and friends: "I want to be a civil servant to earn some money to support my family." The people in charge of these things heard about it and appointed him as Peng Zeling. In the county, all public fields were ordered to be planted with rice (which can be used to make wine), saying: "It's enough to keep me drunk." His wife and children insisted on planting japonica rice. So he ordered that fifty acres of one hectare be planted with rice seedlings and fifty acres of japonica rice. He has always been simple and self-loving and never flattered his superiors. The county sent the governor to his county. His subordinates said that he should put on his belt (wear formal clothes) to see the governor. Tao Qian sighed and said: "I can't bend (lose my dignity) for five bushels of rice (these salary). I am cautious." Do things for the little people in the countryside!" In the second year of Yixi, he returned the seal and ribbon and left Pengze County, so he wrote "Return and Lai Xi Ci". The words were written like this: Go back, the countryside is going to be deserted, why don't you go back! Since you think your mind is controlled by your body, why do you feel melancholy and sad alone? Realize that the mistakes of the past are irreversible, and know that there is still time to make amends for the future. In fact, we have not gone astray too far. We have already realized that today is "yes" and yesterday was "no". The boat floated gently on the water, and the breeze gently blew the clothes. I asked pedestrians about the road ahead, but unfortunately it was just getting light. I just saw my house, and I was so happy that I ran. The servants came to greet him happily, and the children waited at the door. Although the courtyard paths will be deserted, the pines and chrysanthemums in the garden are still there. I took the child into the inner room, where there were bottles filled with wine. I took the jug and glass and poured myself a drink. I looked at the trees in the yard and felt very happy. Leaning against the south window, I expressed my pride in the world, knowing that it would be easier to be comfortable living in a small house. Walking in the garden every day is a pleasure of its own. Although there is a garden gate, it is often closed. Holding a cane, strolling or resting leisurely anywhere, raise your head and look into the distance from time to time. Clouds and smoke drift naturally from the cave, and birds know how to return when they are tired of flying. As the daylight faded and the sun was about to set, I lingered stroking the lonely pine.

Go back and cut off all contact with the outside world. Since the secular world is contrary to my obedience, what else can I ask for when traveling by car? Confidential words among relatives can make people happy, and playing the piano and reading can relieve boredom. The farmers told me that spring has come and I will go to the west to cultivate the fields. Sometimes they were riding in a small car with a cloth cover, and sometimes they were rowing a small boat. Not only explore the deep and winding ravines, but also pass through the rugged hills. The trees grew prosperously and the springs began to flow. I envy all things that coincide with the season of prosperity and growth, and lament that my life is about to end. Forget it! How long can your body remain in heaven and earth (how long can you live in this world)? Why not live and die as you please and let nature take its course? Why are you so restless? Where do you want to go? Seeking wealth and honor is not my wish, and there is no hope of becoming a god. Cherish the good times and go out alone. Sometimes I use a cane to weed and cultivate seedlings. Climb the high hill to the east and roar loudly. Recite poems in front of the clear flowing water. Let's just go with the changes of nature until the end of our life. Le'an Destiny, what else is there to doubt?