Music-the music carefully composed by the composer, presented to the audience after carefully sung and played by the performer, and felt by the audience is actually a specific sound process, an active, flowing and orderly sound process with a combination of various elements, which contains certain life content, thoughts and feelings. It continues to flourish, acting on people's hearing and triggering people's corresponding lives and emotions. From this overview, we briefly analyze the main artistic characteristics of music from four aspects.
1. Music is the art of sound; As the material material of music art, sound is a special sound system which is beyond the natural prototype
, which is the root of the particularity of music which is different from other arts, and also the root of the generation of many artistic characteristics of music. Music is different from ventriloquism and the "sound effect" in drama and film and television. Music is an expressive and unique artistic variety. First of all, this is because the material on which it exists is not a general sound; It is some special sounds that people have left behind after repeated choices in the long historical practice and have been processed and organized in many ways. They originate from nature and social life, but they are beyond the attribute of "natural objects". For example, in terms of height, the sounds that are too high and too low, which are difficult to clearly hear and accurately control, have been eliminated one after another, and what remains to be used in music is basically the 88 sounds that can be played on the piano now. These 88 sounds each have their own fixed pitch; Arranged from low to high, it becomes a "sound train". According to the multiple relation of vibration frequency, the sounds in the sound train are divided into several "groups". Each group-that is, each octave-is divided into 12 semitones according to the equal distance between high and low, of which 7 are called "basic tones" (such as white keys on the piano) and the other 5 are called "changing tones" (such as black keys on the piano, and the seven basic tones are named with fixed names-C, D, E and F respectively. The name of the changing tone level is called "ascending" and "descending" according to the basic tone level. Such as C"(＃C "(# c)," D"(b D), "d" (# d), "E"(bE) and so on.
for the convenience of Singing, each sound is called "roll name", which is: "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, si". The formation of "sound train" and so on is only the preliminary organization of sound in high and low levels. The distance between the sounds in the series is equal, and each sound has the same meaning, but these mutually equivalent and isolated sounds cannot express musical thoughts and feelings. Therefore, it is necessary to further organize: take a certain sound as the stable sound, and several other sounds are connected with the stable sound according to different tendency relations to form a system-mode.
There are many modes, and the widely used modes now are: Western major and minor modes; China Han five-tone mode, other national modes, etc. The tones in the mode system are called "mode levels".
besides being called by their respective levels-second, third, fourth and fifth tones .....................................................................................................................................................
The relationship between tones in the mode system is no longer just a simple pitch relationship, but also a relationship between melody and interval. On the basis of the stability and instability of modal tone level, melody and interval are further combined in vertical and horizontal directions to form multi-voice parts-harmony and polyphony ... These are some choices and processing of high and low tones. At the same time, the length is processed to form a rhythm and beat system; Select and process the sound quality and timbre, and form various sub-systems in different meanings, such as "music type", "sound type", "voice part" and "musical instrument group". The overall system of "music sound" formed by the selection and processing of these aspects, its sound optimization degree, beautification degree and operability degree; Stability and instability, balance and imbalance, tension and relaxation in sports, etc., are inherent motivation and logic, color, strength, etc.-a whole set of performance, not only possessed, but also perfected and strengthened. The mastery and application of it can increasingly reflect people's conscious wishes and requirements. Such a sound, and only such a sound, has become the material material of music art.
second, music is the art of time; The exhibition of music art should be completed in a certain process
Music art is particularly vivid and active, especially with the infectious power of "touching and cutting" and "getting into people deeply". Why? Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher and aesthete, once thought: Why is the expressive force of music so much greater than the color? The conclusion is-because it is temporal. Things exist in motion, people live in motion, people's feelings and understanding of things have a process, and people's thoughts and feelings are deepened and developed in the process. Therefore, the music art displayed through the sound movement process has special adaptability to reflecting moving things and expressing developing and deepening thoughts and feelings. Turning around, this "special adaptability" of music in the process of appreciation is transformed into a special appeal. For example, enjoy a photographic or painting work "Dawn": a vast close-up view, a distant sky, golden and crimson light smearing the morning glow and spreading it to the earth. The composition is concise and lively, and the image is lively and beautiful. From the outline of the building, the cleanliness of the road, the flowers and plants beside the road, and the brow of the characters, you can see the vitality and prosperity. However, how the earth wakes up in the morning light, and how it is full of vitality ... To further truly feel these, it is necessary for the viewer to exert his imagination, put himself in the environment, and make everything on the screen active to appreciate. But enjoying music works is different. For example, listen to the first song "Chao Jing" in the first suite (Op.46) of the Norwegian composer Grieg's "Pearl Gold": the flute plays a four-bar phrase in the middle and high-pitched area, with a soft 68-beat, bright E major and clear melody lines ... The clear timbre and euphemistic tunes are particularly sweet against the backdrop of the woodwind leader's voice. Then, this melody was played in the midrange by lowering the oboe by 8 degrees, and the background tone was changed to the string group. Subsequently, these two sentences were moved up three degrees and repeated in # G major. After a short pause in B major, this melody is played by the whole string group in E major. The extension of melody, the expansion of sound range, the extension of texture, the transformation of harmony and tonality, etc., all of which are integrated into one and injected into people's hearts. Therefore, what people feel is not a static picture of "the morning glow is all over the sky", but a changing process. The "light" is changing, the "color" is changing, and the "temperature" is changing, from the sun's "revealing the twilight" to "bursting out" to "Ran Ran rising", and the vitality is also from germination, accumulation to surging habits ... These feelings are obtained from.
Music art has a power to attract people to "get involved". This is because the rhythm and fluctuation of music will naturally induce changes in the human motion mechanism and correspond to it. A team got together and set off. No one shouted "121", so everyone's footsteps naturally got out of step. If at this time, there is a military music playing, it has a clear rhythm and is magnificent and powerful: please see later, people's footsteps have been uniform with the progress of this music. People have this experience: in the process of listening to music, not only attention is focused on it, but also muscles, limbs, throat, jaws, circulatory system and respiratory system will relax with it. The activities and changes of the body movement mechanism directly act on emotions to make them excited and fluctuating. Therefore, there is no art like music: it can excite many people with the same intention in a short time, and it can reach such a strong degree. For this reason, any country or army should engage in military music, military songs, marches and other music that can unify the pace and boost morale. In recent years, one of the outstanding problems in China's social music life is the imbalance of categories. I hope that there will be more and better music works and performances that reflect the people's efforts to forge ahead and build the "four modernizations", which are bright, inspiring and inspiring. This is the call of the masses, the call of the people and the call of the times.
third, music is the art of expression; The so-called "musical image" is an image formed in the mind, which is emotional and personalized.
Performance art is relative to reproduction art.. These two kinds of art both reflect life and express thoughts and feelings. The difference is that to reproduce art reflects life, it is necessary to imitate and reproduce the form of objective life, create an artistic image that is "visible and tangible", and express feelings through concrete images. Performance art is to directly disclose the thoughts and feelings from objective life. Music is a typical performance art. The sound of music is the direct carrier of feelings. Music with emotional content gives people a direct feeling, or it can also be called "intuitive". When people get the corresponding feelings directly from the music sound, they will generate various imaginations, which may emerge as concrete "pictures", "pictures" and "situations" ... vivid and active imaginations, which in turn can strengthen their own musical feelings, but music itself does not and cannot provide any tangible visual images. For example, when you appreciate Chopin's piano work "Etudes in C Minor" (Op.1-12), you can hear: after a strong and angry introduction of eight bars, the left hand plays a rapid and continuous sound stream, like a raging wind; The right hand plays a rapid and powerful melody with a dotted rhythm, conveying an intense and unrestrained mood, with great momentum. With the development of music, the mood is getting higher and higher, and the strong artistic appeal shakes people's heartstrings. If the audience who listened to this music knew something about Chopin's lofty patriotic character and passionate national feelings, and knew that this music was written after the failure of the Polish uprising in 1831, then his appreciation activities would be more active, thus capturing more things and hitting more "sparks". Of course, we will have a deeper feeling about the heroic character, pain, anxiety, anger and excitement of the artistic hero in the works, and the generous spirit of struggle for the tragedy of the motherland. However, no matter how positive the audience's appreciation process is, the artistic hero is not really presented on the stage. The pianist who plays this piece of music is not the hero's "role", he is only playing, turning the author's and works' emotions into his own and showing them to the audience directly and heartily.
fourth, music is the art of re-creation; The performance of music has a stable side and a deductive side.
Music scores and music scores are symbols for recording music. Music recorded by symbols needs to be sung and played, which is called "second creation". The second creation can be carried out countless times, and each singing and playing is not a "retelling" or "replay" for the original work or the previous performance, but a re-creation of the work. Re-creation is positive, including the performance and the singer's re-understanding of the work; Re-understanding of the author's artistic expression intention, and re-processing and re-playing in technology and art. Therefore, music performance is regarded as "interpretation of works" and "expression of works"; Therefore, excellent singers and performers are called "performing artists".
originality is the key to art, and the second creation is also the key to unique treatment. As Beethoven's Violin Concerto in D Major (Op.61), the performances of two world-famous violinists, Heifetz and david oistrakh, are quite different in timbre, dynamics and some details, which reflects the different performances and styles of the two musicians. Whether it is more hearty and bright (the former) or more intense and affectionate (the latter), people get high artistic enjoyment and satisfaction. Therefore, people will never choose one over the other or favor one over the other because of their different performances. On the contrary, people will regard them as two versions and two examples that are equally precious.
The same is true of the band performance. dvorak's Symphony No.9 in E minor ("New World", Op.95) was conducted by toscanini, and those conducted by karajan and Seiji Ozawa or Li Delun had obvious artistic differences, and each had its own unique interest and value. So people can find a phenomenon: art connoisseurs and collectors are distinguished by holding original works and originals, but not proud of holding a variety of replicas; On the contrary, music connoisseurs and collectors are rich in audio products with many famous bands, conductors and singers. The reason is that copying is copying; The latter, although the work is one, but each person, each performance is a re-creation; Each version with its own uniqueness has its own artistic value. From the perspective of this feature of music, most of the music works that have been widely handed down are not or have never been strictly "original" or "original".
In the process of people's continuous re-creation, new wisdom, talent and creativity are constantly injected into the music art, so it has the vitality of never fading. The reason why music art is particularly lively is that it spreads on the basis of continuous re-creation and re-enrichment, and in the process < P > The above are the four basic characteristics of music art.. Following this clue, we can understand how music and sister art are interconnected and how they are different from each other. Music's unique means of expression, techniques, rules, methods and so on are all rooted in this.
is that ok?