Music is an art of hearing, time and emotion, and at the same time, it is a special art of hearing. It is entertaining, and exerts a subtle influence on students through music. The philosophy and emotional experience contained in music are transmitted to students' hearts through every piece of music and every note. Every time you listen to good music, students get different gains and the influence on students is constantly consolidated and deepened. It is precisely because of this characteristic of music that it is doomed that "listening more" is a good way to learn music.

For music classes in middle schools, the main role of listening training is to cultivate the ability to listen, distinguish and think. They are not independent, they can be carried out at the same time, and the two abilities can be cultivated at the same time.

First, the training of listening ability

Listening ability refers to the ability of students to listen to the skills of distinguishing high notes and rhythms.

In the teaching process, students should first be familiar with scales and feel the relationship between sounds. It is easy for students to sing scales, and their enthusiasm for learning is also high. In every class, students are asked to sing scales, and singing "do, re, mi" improves their sensitivity to notes.

Of course, singing scales is only the beginning of listening and distinguishing training. From the continuous scale practice to the jumping single-tone practice, students should play some small jumping single-tones at first, so that students can listen and sing more, and name the specific sounds according to the model singing of standard sounds and scales. With the passage of time, it can gradually transition to let students listen to the melody. In practical teaching, students can master monosyllabic training quickly, but it is more difficult to listen to melody, because listening to melody includes a series of problems of listening to the duration, beat and rhythm of notes. So, how to break through this barrier? Through teaching, I found out that listening to the melody should proceed from the whole, have a comprehensive and complete understanding of the whole melody, distinguish the structure in the melody and listen to it sentence by sentence. No matter the notes, beats and rhythms, we should make breakthroughs one by one, and we should not blindly listen and remember them all, resulting in the phenomenon of "biting off more than one can chew".

In this way, students can systematically and directionally practice listening to melody, and it is easier to master it. At the same time, teachers should do necessary tests and strengthen practice. In the long run, students' listening ability will be greatly improved.

second, the training of listening and thinking ability

1. The structure of listening and thinking music.

When listening to music, students are required to concentrate, listen attentively to the joys and sorrows of the music, grasp the main theme of the music, and make a comprehensive analysis following the theme music. Analyzing the structure of works here is just like the hierarchy in Chinese, except that the analysis works are distinguished according to the emotions and themes expressed by the music.

For example, Dance Music of the Yi Nationality depicts the charming night and the joyful scenes of young people dancing in the Yi Shanzhai with beautiful lyrical melody and rough and strong rhythm. When appreciating, first of all, let the students listen to it as a whole. By comparing the music fragments in the text, guide the students to pay attention to how many times the music mood has changed, and what kind of emotions have been expressed in each change. Let the students make notes at any time while listening. After the overall appreciation, let the students discuss and summarize most opinions. Then listen again, this time the teacher explains the mood of the music in segments, and the students listen to the pen. Finally, after discussing the structure of the work, the trilogy of "A+B+A" came out.

2. Listen to the charm of music.

Another example is Moonlit Night on a Spring River. Hearing the title of this work can make students think about the time, place and emotion expressed by the music first. If you were to present this topic, what kind of emotional speed would you choose? Let the students think for themselves. Then use the slide show to show a landscape painting that matches the topic and play music at the same time. With the change of music, music and pictures are perfectly combined with different pictures. By the end of the music, the students felt as if they were there, deeply felt the greatness of our national music, and portrayed the Jiangnan spring night so vividly that national pride came to life. At the same time, it is accompanied by the recitation of the poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", which brings emotion with sound, emotion with sound, and the scene is mixed with sound and emotion. Students can't help humming or beating to the music. Through the above means of listening, watching, reciting and appreciating, arouse students' sensory appreciation and emotional appreciation, and make the emotional experience reach * * *.

Of course, the cultivation of listening and thinking ability is not limited to music, it can also be songs. Let students enjoy different genres and styles of music, and discuss the playing styles and skills of music to enhance their listening comprehension.

To sum up, listening training in music can be carried out without losing time, which strengthens students' ability to perceive music, enhances their sensitivity to music language, and lays a solid and effective foundation for improving students' overall quality.

2. Music knowledge

1. Several aspects that should be emphasized in the design of lesson plans: 1. teaching material analysis.

2. Teaching objectives. 3. Emphasis and difficulty in teaching.

4. Teaching process and methods. Second, fill in the blanks (.5 points for each blank, 3 points for 6 blanks).

1. The National Anthem of the People's Republic of China was originally named. In 1949, the first plenary session of China CPPCC was designated as.

The work was completed in 1935 by. It was officially designated as the national anthem at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on December 4, 28.

2. There are nearly one piece of works by Xian Xinghai, a people musician. Among them, the representative songs are:,, and so on.

The choruses are:,, and so on. Symphony works include:,, etc.

3. "Spring Festival Overture" is a symphony by a famous composer in China, and the first movement in "Spring Festival Suite". 4. The violin concerto Butterfly Lovers was written by and completed in 1959.

5. China's first new opera is. 6. The story of Mulan in Henan Opera is based on the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The plot is the story of the heroine Hua Mulan, who disguised herself as a man and joined the army for her father to protect her country. Later, it was adapted into Henan Opera, also known as Henan Opera.

7. A Dream of Red Mansions, a Yue opera, was adapted according to the main plot in the literary works of the same name written by the novelist of the Qing Dynasty. 8. The opera "The Marriage of Little Erhei" eulogized the story of the militia captain Erhei and the village girl Xiaoqin fighting for a free marriage.

The plot describes a base area in the province. 9. The formation of Beijing Opera, the quintessence of Chinese culture, is basically divided into three stages, with the first stage being the arrival of Huizhou class in Beijing in. The second stage was the transfer of Han Dynasty to Beijing in; Since then, the two have been combined with each other and then kneaded into Kunqu opera, and finally Beijing opera was formed around 2.

1. Beethoven, a great German musician, wrote a symphony all his life. Because of his profound connotation and exquisite skills, he was praised as a saint of music by the world. Among them, the most famous ones are: NO.3, NO.5, NO.6 and No.9.

11. John and Strauss (Junior) are famous composers. He wrote more than 12 waltzes such as:,, etc. in his life, so he is known as. 12. The Austrian composer, who is praised as the father of symphony by the world, created a symphony all his life.

13. Schubert is a famous composer, who wrote many symphonies in his life. What is particularly commendable is that he also wrote more than 6 art songs in his life.

his representative works are:,,, and so on. 14. The famous operas "Joker" and "Aida" are all from Italian composers who have made outstanding achievements in the field of opera creation.

15. The famous opera Carmen is a classic by French composers. 16. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, a Russian composer, not only created many famous symphonic music, but also created three classic dance dramas.

they are:,,. Chopin, a famous Polish composer, created a lot of excellent piano works in his short life.

Among them are works of various genres, such as:,,, and so on, which are loved by people all over the world and praised as. 18. "Allegro Molto" is expressed during the music.

19. "Lento" is expressed during the music. 2. "Pianissimo" is expressed during the music.

21. "Fortissimo" is expressed during the music. 22. There are two kinds of commonly used single beats, one of which is.

23. There are two kinds of commonly used compound beats, one of which is. Three, multiple-choice questions (1 point for each question, 3 questions ***3 points).

1. "Adagio" in music terms means. A, slow b, very slow c, slow 2, "Largo" in music terminology.

A, very slow b, slow c, slow 3, "Allegro" in musical terms. A, Faster B, Faster C, Faster 4. The musical term "Mezzoforte" means.

A, strong b, very strong c, medium strong 5, "a Tempo" in music terms. A, slower than the original speed b, at the original speed c, restore the original speed 6, music terminology "Vivace" means.

A, Jisu B, Lively C, Cheerful 7. Yue Opera originated in Shengxian, a province. A, Fujian B, Guangdong C, Zhejiang 8. The opera Honghu Red Guards describes the story of a local red guard who fought against the reactionaries under the leadership of the Party and won victory during the Agrarian Revolutionary War.

The story takes place in the province. A, Jiangxi B, Sichuan C, Hubei 9. Pingju originated in the eastern part of Hebei Province.

A, Gansu b, Liaoning c, Hebei 1 chromatic system refers to. A, the distance between two tones b, the relationship between two tones c, the distance between two adjacent tones 11, the changing tone in the musical tone system refers to both.

A, a scale B without a fixed name, a scale C with inflection marks, and a scale 12 with ascending and descending marks. The tonic in the musical system refers to. A, the main sound in the scale B, the main sound in music C, the first sound in the scale 13, the minor in China folk songs refers to.

A, minor structure b, short works c, local ditty 14. The "Xintianyou" popular in northern Shaanxi and other places belongs to the category of folk songs. A, minor B, chant C, folk song 15, and two sounds are successively issued as.

A, decomposition *** B, decomposition sound c, melody tone 16, using the fixed roll-call method, the seventh tone of the scale in G major is F-sharp, which is caused by. A, modal structure B, musical structure C, the needs of the work 17. The Sound of Music is based on the musical of the same name. The plot tells the story between a governess who can sing and dance and a retired military officer and their children.

This is a new musical feature film. A, Britain, Austria, C, and the United States 18. The modern understanding of "concerto" is.

A, a group of musical instruments play with the band; b, two groups of musical instruments play with each other; c, an instrument plays with the band. 19. La Traviata, a three-act opera adapted from the novel of the same name by French writer Dumas, is the work of a famous Italian composer in the 19th century. A, Rossini B, Wildi C, Puccini 2 The famous Ninth Symphony, also known as From the New World, is the composer's immortal work.

A, Smetana B, dvorak C, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky 21, Song of Sulwig, is a song sung by the heroine in the famous poetic drama "Perkint" while spinning in front of the hut. The author is.

A, Grieg B, Ravel C, Schubert 22. The modern Chinese opera Regret for the Past was adapted from Lu Xun's novel of the same name and premiered in Beijing in 1982. Its works were created by famous Chinese musicians. A, Xu Peidong B, Gu Jianfen C, Shi Guangnan 23. The famous orchestral suite "Picture Exhibition" is the work of one member of the Russian "Powerful Group".

3. Basic knowledge of music

The purpose of using many clefs is to avoid adding too many lines, so that it is more convenient to write and read music.

All kinds of clefs can be used separately or in combination, such as a big musical notation composed of high and low clefs. Basic music theory-grouping of sounds As mentioned earlier, the fifty-two white keys on the piano repeatedly use seven basic sound level names, so many sounds with the same name are produced in the sound series. In order to distinguish the sounds with the same name but different pitches, we divide the sound series into many "groups".

The group in the center of the sound series is called Small Word Group, and its sound level marks are indicated by lowercase letters and the number 1 at the upper right, such as c1d1e1. Groups higher than the first group of small characters are named as: second group of small characters, third group of small characters, fourth group of small characters and fifth group of small characters.

The marks of the second group of small characters are represented by lowercase letters and the number 2 is added to the upper right, such as c2d2e2. Other groups in turn and so on.

the groups lower than the small print group are named as groups, large print groups, large print groups and large print groups in turn. The marks of each sound in the small group are represented by lowercase letters without numbers, such as cde.

large groups are marked with capital letters without numbers, such as CDE. A group of large characters is marked with capital letters and the number 1 at the lower right, such as C1D1E1.

the two groups of large characters are indicated by capital letters and the number 2 at the lower right, such as A2B2. The basic music theory-the twelve-average law divides octaves into twelve equal parts-semitones-is called the twelve-average law.

The law of twelve averages was put forward as early as ancient Greece, but it was not scientifically calculated. The first person in the world to formulate the law of twelve averages according to mathematics was Zhu Zai (Tu Yu), a great musician of Ming Dynasty in China (1854).

semitone is the smallest pitch distance in the twelve-average law organization. A tone whose distance between two tones is equal to two semitones is called a whole tone.

there are twelve semitones in the octave, that is, six whole tones. In the middle of the basic tones of a series, except for E to F and B to C, which are semitones, the distance between the other two adjacent tones is full tones.

On the piano, two adjacent keys (including black keys) form a semitone, and two tones separated by a key form a whole tone. The absolute accurate height of each tone in the basic music theory-temperament music system and their relationship are called temperament.

Melody is formed in the long-term development of music practice, and becomes the basis for determining the mode pitch. In the process of historical development, various methods have been used to determine the height of each tone in the musical tone system, among which the main and well-known ones are "pure law", "five-degree law" and "twelve-average law".

at present, the law of twelve averages is widely adopted by all countries in the world. However, "pure law" and "five-degree law" continue to have an impact on music life and are of great significance.

Introduction to the sound level The sound level is each sound in the musical system, which has two types: basic sound level and variation. The former has seven independent names in the musical sound system, and the sound emitted by the white keys on the piano keyboard is consistent with the basic sound level.

the latter is obtained by raising or lowering the basic sound level. The name of the basic level, using the alphabet and singing.