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Piano music theory Basic knowledge 1: Staff
Staff is five parallel horizontal lines used to record notes. The five lines of the staff and the space formed by the five lines are calculated from the bottom up. If the musical work is written on several lines of staff, then the several lines of staff should be connected with clefs.
The higher the position of the sound on the staff, the higher the sound. On the contrary, the lower the position of the sound, the lower the sound. But how much higher? How much lower? It is impossible to determine. To determine the pitch of a note on the staff, it must be marked with a clef. The clef is marked on a certain line of the staff, so that this line has a fixed tone grade name and height, and it also determines the tone grade names and heights on other lines or spaces.
There are three commonly used clefs:
G clef: represents a group of small letters g, recorded on the second line of the staff, also called treble clef; there are also The one on the first line is called the old French treble clef.
F clef: The small character f, written on the fourth line of the staff, is also called the bass clef; there is also the one written on the fifth line, called the double bass clef.
C clef: represents a group of small letters c, which can be recorded on any line of the staff. The C clef currently used is the C three-line clef (also known as the alto clef), which is used by alto violins and sometimes trombones. The C clef (also known as the tenor clef) is used by cellos, bassoons and trombones. Other C clefs are generally less commonly used. The purpose of using many clefs is to avoid too many additional lines and to make writing and reading music more convenient. Various clefs can be used individually or connected.
Basic knowledge of piano music theory 2: notes and rests
Notes are symbols that record the duration (duration) of sound on the staff.
Rests are symbols that record the duration of sound breaks. Rests also record sounds, but the sounds they record are silent. It can be said that rests are "silent notes", which are also of great significance to the performance of music.
Notes are composed of "note heads" (hollow or solid oval marks), "stems" (short lines vertically upward or downward), and "notes" (thin strings attached to the ends of the stems). flag-shaped mark) consists of three parts. According to the different time values, they are divided into:
Two whole notes (rarely used): hollow note heads, and vertical short lines on the left and right. No stems or tails;
Whole notes: hollow note heads, no stems or tails;
Half notes: hollow note heads plus stems;
Quarter note: solid note head plus stem;
Eighth note: solid note head plus stem and a tail;
Sixteenth note: solid note head Add a stem and two symbols;
Thirty-second note: a solid note plus a stem and three symbols;
When we record music with staffs, it is not Just pile up all the notes and marks on the score, but you have to follow some marking rules. Correctly mastering these rules can make the notation clear, accurately reflect musical ideas, and facilitate mutual communication.
Basic knowledge of piano music theory three: diacritical marks
The symbols used to indicate raising or lowering the basic tone level are called diacritical marks. There are five kinds of diacritical marks:
The sharp sign (#) indicates raising the basic pitch level by a semitone.
The flat sign (b) means lowering the basic pitch level by a semitone.
The re-rising mark (?) means raising the basic note level by two semitones (one whole tone).
The double flat mark (bb) means lowering the basic pitch level by two semitones (one whole tone).
The restoration mark (ヰ) means to restore the sound that has been raised or lowered.
Diacritical marks can be recorded on the lines and spaces of the staff; they can be recorded in front of the notes and after the clef. The diacritical mark recorded after the clef is called the key signature. Before changing the new key, it will take effect on all the sounds with the same phonetic name in the sequence. If you want to change the key signature in the middle of a piece of music, there may be three situations.
If the key signature change occurs at the beginning of a line of music score, the key signature to be changed should be clearly written in advance at the end of the previous line of music score, and the last bar line should be moved forward. In order to write down the key signature of the new key.
When increasing the number of original sharps or flats, just write the new key signature to the right of the bar line where the key signature is changed.
When reducing the number of original sharps or flats, you need to restore the redundant diacritical marks to the left of the bar line where the key signature is changed. Write the key signature of the new key to the right of the bar line.
When changing a sharp into a flat or a flat into a sharp, you need to restore the original diacritical mark on the left side of the bar line where the key signature is changed.
The original diacritical mark is on the right side of the bar line. Write the key signature of the new key. A diacritical mark placed directly before a note is called an accidental. Accidentals are only valid for notes of the same pitch, and only up to the nearest bar line. In multi-part music, accidentals are often only valid for one voice. In order to remind the abolition of the previously used accidental mark, sometimes another accidental mark is added after the bar line.
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