The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate. ——Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty, "Seven Poems on the Military March" The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.
From "Seven Poems on the Military March" written by Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty
In the Baichi Building in the west of Fenghuo City, the sea breeze and autumn are alone at dusk. (Single piece: Sitting Alone)
Playing the Qiang flute to close the mountains and the moon, no worries about the golden boudoir.
The pipa dances to a new sound, always leaving the old feelings behind.
I can’t stop listening to the excitement while the autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
The elm leaves in Guancheng are turning yellow early, and the clouds and sand are an ancient battlefield at dusk.
Please return to the army to cover your bones. Do not teach the soldiers to cry for help.
Qinghai is covered with long clouds and covered with snow-capped mountains, and the isolated city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance.
The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles, and the Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.
The former army fought in Taohebei at night and reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive.
Purple sweat dropped from the Hu bottle, and the autumn moon clusters in the west of the city broke into pieces.
The Ming Dynasty ordered the star to seal the sword, and Cijun took Loulan overnight. Frontier fortress, narrative, lyricism, missing 100 ancient poems for early childhood education translations and annotations
Translation
To the west of the beacon tower stands a garrison. At dusk, I sit alone in the garrison. Upstairs, he let the autumn wind blowing from the lake lift his shirt. At this time, there was another burst of resentful Qiang flute sound, playing the tune of "Guan Shan Yue", but the sound of the flute added to the longing for his wife thousands of miles away.
The army dances, and the accompaniment of the pipa plays a new sound. No matter how it is renovated, every time the tune of "Guan Shan Yue" is heard, it will always arouse the sadness of the border soldiers who have been away from home for a long time. The complicated music and dance are intertwined with the sadness of homesickness, and the desire and rationality are still chaotic, endless. At this time, the autumn moon shines high on the Great Wall.
The leaves of the elm trees in the border town have already fallen sparsely and turned yellow. In the evening, a battle has just ended. Looking around the battlefield, I can see low dusk clouds and undulating barren hills. The general submitted a petition to the emperor to request his masters so that the bones of the soldiers who died in the battlefield could be transported back to their hometown for burial, and the soldiers could not be saddened to cry over the burial of their comrades in a foreign land.
The steaming clouds and mist rising from Qinghai Lake obscure the entire Qilian Mountains, and the lonely city of Yumenguan can be seen in the distance. Thousands of miles of yellow sand, frequent battles have worn away the armor of the soldiers, and they will never return it until the enemy is defeated.
In the desert of Saibei, strong winds were blowing, dust was flying, and the sky was dark. The military situation on the front line was very urgent, and they quickly attacked after receiving the battle report. The vanguard troops had already launched a fierce battle with the enemy on the north bank of the Tao River last night. They had just heard about the exchange of fire with the enemy, and now the news came that a great victory had been achieved.
The general has a bottle tied to his arm and rides a purple-bodied horse with a heroic appearance; an autumn moon hangs high in the sky west of Suiye City. An urgent military situation came from the border. The emperor sent an envoy to inform the general at night, and gave Shang Fang a sword to immediately lead his troops to the front line to kill the enemy. The general bowed to the imperial edict, resigned from the capital, and rushed to the battlefield. The soldiers used their lives and worked hard to quickly break through the enemy's lair. .
The mountains surrounding Yumen Pass are stacked on top of each other, guarding the northwest frontier of the dynasty like multiple barriers; beacon towers are dotted all over the hills. People guarding the border relied on beacon fire to convey messages; there were deep mountains and dense forests, and horses would disappear after running for a while. Appreciation
The group of poems "Seven Poems on the Military March" is a frontier fortress poem written by Wang Changling using old Yuefu inscriptions and is published in Volume 143 of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty".
First
This little poem has a concise yet rich meaning, and is very distinctive in its writing style. The poet skillfully handled the relationship between narrative and lyricism. The first three narrative sentences describe the environment, using in-depth and repeated rendering techniques to create an atmosphere and pave the way for the fourth lyrical sentence, which highlights the status of the lyrical sentence and makes the lyrical sentence appear particularly alert and powerful. "West of Fenghuo City" immediately made it clear that this was the observation deck on the west side of Fenghuo City in Qinghai. In the desolate wilderness, with only this hundred-foot-tall building in the vast surroundings, this kind of environment can easily cause people to feel lonely. The season is autumn, and the cool air is invading. It is the season when wanderers miss their relatives and miss their wives. It's dusk again, "The chickens are roosting in the pond, the sun is setting, and the sheep and cattle are coming down. A gentleman is at work, why don't you think about it!" ("The Book of Songs·Wang Feng·A Gentleman at Work") This kind of time often triggers people's longing. Relatives who are serving abroad. At this moment, Zhengren, who had not returned from the garrison for a long time, was "sitting alone" on the lonely garrison. The sky and the earth are long, there is no partner, and the feeling of missing family is tumbling with the autumn wind blowing from the direction of Qinghai Lake. What is described above is an environment seen through vision. There is no sound and a lack of three-dimensionality. Then the poet wrote: "More blowing the Qiang flute to pass the moon over the mountain." In the lonely environment, there were waves of whining flute sounds, like the calls of relatives or the sighs of wanderers. These wisps of flute sound were like a fuse, which caused the longing for relatives in the hearts of the frontier soldiers to be uncontrollable, and finally exploded, leading to the last sentence of the poem. This wisp of flute sound is a sight to the flute listener "sitting alone" on the solitary tower, but this scene is also full of the emotions expressed by the flute player, making the environment more specific and richer in content.
The poet uses this sentence that is both a feeling and a scene, without revealing any trace, to complete the transition from scene to scene. How ingenious and natural!
In terms of expressing Zhengren's ideological activities, the poet's writing is also very euphemistic and tortuous. The environment and atmosphere have been created, paving the way for lyricism, and then it comes naturally, directly describing the psychology of the people around you - "No worries about the golden boudoir." What the author wants to express is Zheng's feelings of missing his relatives and hometown, but he does not write directly, but reflects the deep sorrow of his wife. And the actual situation is also the same: the wife's inability to eliminate the longing is the result of the man longing for her but not being able to return. This piece of music completely blends the emotions of Zheng and his wife. As far as the whole poem is concerned, this sentence is like the finishing touch, which immediately makes the whole poem more charming and more moving.
Second
This poem intercepts a fragment of the military life at the frontier and expresses the deep and complex emotions of the soldiers by writing about the banquets in the army.
"The pipa dances to a new sound." As the dance changes, the pipa plays new tunes, and the poetic realm unfolds amidst the sound of music. The pipa is an instrument rich in the flavor of the border areas, and when drinking and making music in the army, "huqin, pipa and qiang flute" are often indispensable. For the soldiers, these instrumental music have a strange or emotional tone and can easily arouse strong feelings. Since it is a "new voice", it can always give people some new interest and new feelings, right? No, "it's always the same." The main content of borderland music can be summed up in one word, "old farewell". Because art reflects real life, who among the conscripts has not left his hometown or even left his wife behind? "Farewell" is actually the most common and profound emotion and creative material. Therefore, the pipa can be replaced with a new tune, but the emotional content contained in the lyrics cannot be replaced. "An Explanation of Ancient Yuefu Titles" says: ""Guan Shan Yue" is also a sign of injury." In addition to the literal meaning of "Guan Shan" in the sentence, it is a pun on the tune of "Guan Shan Yue", which has a deeper meaning.
The "old" in this sentence corresponds to the "new" in the previous sentence, which becomes a twist in the poetry, creating a mood that resists falling and uplifting. Especially the use of "always" as a powerful transition is particularly effective. show. Since the second sentence emphasizes the "oldness" of farewell, is this music too boring? No, "I can't listen to endless worries while stirring up chaos", that tune can always make people upset and restless no matter what time it is. Therefore, the tunes that can be played endlessly and "heard endlessly" really make people afraid of listening to them, but also love to listen to them, and they are always emotional. This is another twist and turn in the poem, another ups and downs of tone. "I can't hear enough", is it resentment? Is it a sigh? Like? Meaningful. The interpretation of "the performance cannot be completed" is naturally biased towards lamentation. However, if you say "I don't hear enough", it also contains praise. Therefore, the "border sorrow" mentioned in this sentence is not only the bitterness of thinking about returning home for a long time, but it also has more meanings. At that time, the border troubles in the north had not been eliminated, and the armored soldiers could not be completely quelled. Thinking of this, the garrison troops would feel uneasy and dissatisfied. Most of the predecessors only saw the "sour and sad" side of it, which may not be very comprehensive.
The first three sentences of the poem are all about the sound of music. When it comes to "bian sorrow", the three words "cannot be heard" are used. So how to use the limited seven words in the concluding sentence to complete this "inexhaustible" is the most important. See skill. The poet here lightly adds a stroke to express his feelings with the scenery. It seems that after the scene of drinking and having fun in the army, a vast and vast scene of a full moon shining on the Great Wall suddenly appeared: the ancient and majestic Great Wall is undulating, the autumn moon is shining high, the scene is magnificent and sad. How would you feel about this? Is it infinite nostalgia? Is it the ambition to make contributions to the frontier and the sorrow for reality? Perhaps, we should also add a deep love for the mountains, rivers and scenery of the motherland, etc.
Readers may feel that after the emotional trickles in the first three sentences developed in twists and turns (new sounds - old farewells - endless), they have now merged into a deep sea. The water of the lake is rippling and swirling. "High in the sky, the moon shines on the Great Wall in autumn", the scenery here is emotive and sublime, which sublimates the poetic sentiment. It is precisely because the love is inexhaustible that the poet "cannot exhaust it" and "thinking into the vagueness, as if out of reality", which makes people feel such rich and profound thoughts and feelings, and the inner world of the conqueror can be expressed deeply. This poem has reached the highest level of the seven extremes. In addition to the twists and turns of the music, the appearance of the poem in a desperate situation cannot be ignored.
Third
This poem describes the desolate scene of the ancient battlefield. Countless soldiers died at the border and had no way to bury them properly. It reflects the cruelty of the war at that time and also expresses the It expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the soldiers.
The beginning of the poem points out the place and season, and vividly depicts the desolate scene on the border. The second sentence implies that many soldiers died for their country in this battle. The last two sentences describe the general's request to transport the bones of the soldiers who died in the battle for burial, which shows the general's love for his soldiers.
This poem is set in the vast wilderness battlefield as the background, "Yellow leaves "Twilight clouds" and other frontier fortress scenes further highlight the desolation of the frontier fortress, giving people a sense of desolation, desolation and sadness. The last two sentences are sincere and sad, adding to the pathos. Reading the whole poem makes people feel the shocking power. If an army has such a caring and caring commander, the soldiers will have no choice but to work hard. From this, we can also imagine the powerful fighting power of this army.
Fourth
Readers of frontier fortress poems of the Tang Dynasty are often confused by the mix of ancient and modern place names and spatial separation involved in the poems. There are those who suspect that the author is not familiar with geography and therefore do not seek a thorough explanation, and there are also those who suspect that the author is not familiar with geography. This is the case with this poem.
The first two sentences mention three place names. The Snow Mountain is the Qilian Mountains that stretches across the south of the Hexi Corridor.
Qinghai and Yumenguan are thousands of miles apart from east to west, but they appear on the same picture, so there are various interpretations of these two sentences. Some people say that the first sentence is about looking forward, while the second sentence is about looking back at home. This is very strange. With Qinghai and Snow Mountain in front and Yumen Pass behind, the hometown the lyrical protagonist looks back on should be the Western Regions west of Yumen Pass. Those soldiers were not Han soldiers, but Hu soldiers. Another theory is that the second sentence is the reverse text of "Looking into the distance at Yumenguan in the lonely city", and the object of looking into the distance is "Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain". There are two misunderstandings here: one is to interpret "looking into the distance" as "looking into the distance"; It is a misunderstanding of the general description of the northwest border area as what the lyrical protagonist sees, and the former misunderstanding arises from the latter misunderstanding.
The first and second sentences can be conceived as pictures of a vast area that are shown one after another: over Qinghai Lake, there are long clouds and warm clouds; to the north of the lake, there are faint snow-capped mountains stretching thousands of miles; beyond the snow-capped mountains, It is an isolated city standing in the desert of the Hexi Corridor; further to the west, there is the military fortress Yumen Pass, which is far opposite to the isolated city. This long scroll, which covers a vast area thousands of miles from east to west, is the typical environment in which soldiers guarding the border in the northwest lived and fought at that time. It is a bird's eye view and a summary of the entire northwest frontier. Why are Qinghai and Yuguan mentioned in particular? This is related to the war situation between ethnic groups at that time. The powerful enemies in the west and north of the Tang Dynasty were Tibet and Turks. The mission of the Hexi Jiedushi is to cut off the communication between Tibet and Turks. One town takes care of the two powerful enemies in the west and the north. It is mainly to defend Tibet and protect the Hexi Corridor. The "Qinghai" area was the site of many battles between the Tubo and Tang armies; and outside the "Yumen Pass" was the sphere of influence of the Turks. Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene of the entire northwest frontier, but also point out the extremely important geographical situation of the "isolated city" that resists Tibet in the west and defends against Turks in the north. The strong enemies in these two directions are exactly what the soldiers guarding the "isolated city" are concerned about, so it is appropriate to have Qinghai and Yuguan on the screen. Rather than saying that this is what the soldiers saw, it is better to say that this is the picture that emerged in the minds of the soldiers. These two sentences convey rich and complex emotions while describing the scene: the border guards' concern for the border defense situation, their pride and sense of responsibility for their tasks, as well as the loneliness and hardship of the border guard life, are all integrated into a tragic, open and beautiful poem. In the misty and dim scenery.
In the third and fourth sentences, the description of the environment where the scene blends is transformed into a direct lyrical one. "The yellow sand wears golden armor in a hundred battles" is a poem with strong summary power. The long time of guarding the border, the frequency of battles, the arduousness of the battles, the strength of the enemy troops, and the desolation of the border areas are all summarized in these seven words. "Hundred Wars" is relatively abstract. The word "yellow sand" highlights the characteristics of the northwest battlefield, making people think of the scene of "the ancient battlefield of clouds and sand at dusk"; "Hundred Wars" means "wearing golden armor" "You can also imagine how hard and fierce the battle was, and also how there were a series of heroic sacrifices in the style of "white bones covering the grass" during this long period of time. However, even though the golden armor was worn out, the soldiers' ambition to serve the country did not fade away. Instead, they became more determined in the wind and sand of the desert. "Unless Loulan is destroyed, it will never be returned" is the heroic oath of the soldiers who have experienced hundreds of battles. The more difficult and frequent the battles are in the previous sentence, the more sonorous and powerful this sentence becomes. The first two or two sentences have a broad realm, tragic feelings, and rich implications; between the third and fourth sentences, there is obviously a turning point, and the two sentences form a sharp contrast. Although the "yellow sand" sentence describes the hardships of war, the actual feeling of the entire image is majestic and powerful, rather than low and sad. Therefore, the last sentence is not a lament that there will be no day to return home, but a firmer and deeper vow based on a deep awareness of the hardship and long-term nature of the war. An important ideological feature of the excellent frontier fortress poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is to express While the soldiers guarding the border are heroic and ambitious, they do not shy away from the hardships of war. This article is a clear example. It can be said that the lyricism of three to four or two sentences, which is not empty and superficial, is exactly what is needed to describe the environment in one or two sentences, which is rich in details. The high degree of unity between the typical environment and the characters' emotions is a prominent advantage of Wang Changling's quatrains, which is also clearly reflected in this article.
Fifth
People who have read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" may be deeply impressed by the fifth chapter "Guan Yunchang warms wine and kills Hua Xiong". This is a wonderful section for shaping the heroic image of Guan Yu. However, the book does not directly describe how Guan Yu, a single man, fought head-on with Hua Xiong, who led 50,000 troops. Instead, the book uses this paragraph: (Guan Yu) came out of the tent, picked up his sword, and flew onto his horse. All the princes heard the loud beating of drums and loud shouts outside the pass, as if the sky was shattering and the earth was falling, and the mountains were shaking and the mountains were collapsing, and everyone was shocked. Just as he was about to inquire, at the sound of the luan bell, the horse arrived at the center of the army. Yun Chang picked up Hua Xiong's head and threw it to the ground. The wine was still warm.
This paragraph of text is very concise, describing Guan Yu's power from the atmosphere at the time and the reaction of the princes. In terms of its objective artistic effect, it is more fascinating than writing dozens of rounds of sword fighting. Luo Guanzhong's text certainly has his uniqueness, but in terms of avoiding frontal narration and using atmosphere rendering and side description to make people imagine the war scene, it is not his first creation. Like Wang Changling's This song "Joining the Army" should be said to have been pioneered and succeeded in the form of poetry.
"The desert is windy and the sun is dim." Since the Altai Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains in northwest my country all trend from west to east or southeast, a large horn is formed in the Hexi Corridor and eastern Qinghai, and the wind force It's so big that when the wind blows, sand and rocks fly. Therefore, "the sun is dim" follows "the wind and dust in the desert", which does not mean that it is getting late, but that the wind and sand cover the sky and the sun.
But this not only expresses the violence of the climate, it appears as a background and naturally plays a role in setting off and hinting at the military situation. In this situation, what action did the Tang army take? It’s not about keeping the gate closed and passively defending, but taking the initiative to fight. In order to reduce the strong resistance of the wind and speed up the march, the soldiers half-rolled the red flag and moved forward. These two sentences are used in the "desert wind and dust" to exaggerate a powerful army led by the red flag. It seems that it is not nature showing off its power, but this army carrying dust and wind, like a sharp sword, pointing directly at the enemy camp. This tightens the reader's heartstrings and makes people feel that a fierce battle is imminent. What kind of thrilling scene will these athletes traveling across the desert perform? Under this kind of suspense, read the last two sentences again: "The former army fought in Taohebei at night and reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive." This can be said to be a fall and a fall. The reader's suspense follows the army just now, but the opportunity to show off their skills on the battlefield did not come to them. Just halfway, good news came that the forward troops had won a complete victory in the night battle, and even the enemy chieftain was captured alive. The plot develops quickly and is a bit unexpected, but it is completely reasonable, because the rapid and fierce momentum of the army when it goes out in the first two sentences has fully hinted at the morale and power of the Tang army. This powerful and powerful reinforcements not only showed that the forward's victory was no accident, but also showed that the Tang army had more than enough troops and was sure of victory.
Judging from the description, the poet chose the follow-up troops that did not directly engage the enemy, and the "Night Battle of the Front Army" with brilliant results was only brought out from the side. This is an idea that breaks the mold. If the night battle was narrated from the front, it would inevitably appear flat and could not be completed in a short quatrain. Now we avoid the positive description of the war process and highlight it from the side, which turns the shortcomings of the quatrain into its strengths. It allows readers to imagine how hard and brilliant the forward battle was from "the desert is dusty and the sun is dim" and "the night battle in Taohei". From "It has been reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive", we can appreciate how dramatic this expedition was. A fierce battle is not written hoarsely, but written with a brisk and jumping pen, through side contrast and color, allowing readers to experience and reverie. All this is expressed in a short four-line poem. The difficulty in conception and language should be said to be more than that of a novel story like "Warming Wine and Killing Hua Xiong".
The sixth poem
The sixth poem describes the eagerness of a general to rush to the border to kill the enemy and perform meritorious service.
The first sentence of the poem describes the general’s war attire and heroic posture, and the second sentence transfers the scene of the frontier fortress, which is intended to create and enhance the atmosphere, implying that the general is always thinking about the safety of the frontier fortress, and is always thinking about the safety of the frontier fortress. Prepare to rush to the frontier to protect the country and the people. These two sentences focus on describing the general's attire and the border scenery, which not only set off the general's martial appearance, but also are intended to build momentum. Against the vast cold background like water and autumn moon, the silhouette of the general in military uniform is majestic and brave. The image of the general was vividly sketched. The last two sentences of the poem are full of heroic spirit and show the true nature of a hero. They not only describe the speed of the troops in attacking the city, but also reflect the author's confidence and pride in the powerful national power and military power of the Tang Dynasty.
The seventh poem
The seventh poem mainly describes the landscape of the frontier with mountains and beacons everywhere. Use the pen to hide the music, the words are shallow and the meaning is deep, and the aftertaste is endless. Wang Changling (698-756), courtesy name Shaobo, was born in Jinyang, Hedong (now Taiyuan, Shanxi). A famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Seven Masters" by later generations. He was poor and humble in his early years and was trapped in farming. As he grew older, he became a Jinshi. He first served as secretary of the Provincial School, and became a scholar and scholar. He was awarded the rank of Sishui Lieutenant. He was demoted to Lingnan due to some affairs. He had close friendships with Li Bai, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Wang Zhihuan, Cen Shen, etc. At the end of Kaiyuan, he returned to Chang'an and was granted the title of Jiang Ningcheng. He was slandered and relegated to Long Biaowei. An Shi rebellion broke out and he was killed by Lu Qiu, the governor. His poems are famous for his seven unique poems, especially the frontier fortress poems he wrote when he went to the northwest frontier fortress before he ascended the imperial throne. He is known as "Wang Jiangning, the poet's master" (there is also the saying of "Wang Jiangning, the poet's emperor").
Wang Changling The north wind blows white clouds, crossing the river and Fen for thousands of miles. It's already dusk when I can't sing and cry, and the sad wind rises day and night. The wind blows the fragrance of willow flowers all over the shop, and Wu Ji presses wine for guests to taste. The north wind blew at the entrance of Chiting at night, and the snow in Tianshan became thicker overnight. It’s the season when swallows want to return, and the west wind blew in the tall buildings last night. The rain wets the flower house, the wind slants the swallows, and the days in the pond and pavilion are long and the spring is late. The bamboo leaves in front of the window are blown by the strong wind. The wind blows and the orchids fold, and the sun goes down and the birds noisy. The east wind blows my boat across the lake. Silks of willow brush against my face. Green bamboo hat, green coir raincoat, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return. Don't say that the perch is worthy of praise. When the west wind blows, will the eagle return in season? The wind whistled, and the clouds were long and strangely colored. The clouds and mountains are in harmony, and the wind and rain bring prosperity to the Mid-Autumn Festival. A slight breeze stirred up the waves, scattering stars all over the river. The east wind blew into Wuyang last night, and the willows on the streets were golden.