Details: What does the ancient legend of Yandi and Huangdi reflect? Is it the transition from our country’s primitive society to a slave society, or is it the long historical activities of the Chinese people? The Chinese nation has an ancient and long history of civilization. "The Legend of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang" particularly emphasizes that Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are the ancestors of the Chinese nation. It is precisely because they solved the problem of food and clothing that mankind depends on for survival, and on this basis united people to jointly resist foreign enemies, that The Chinese nation survives and thrives.
As descendants of Yan and Huang, sons and daughters of China, we should never forget our roots under any circumstances.
According to Chinese historical records, he unified the various tribes in China after Emperor Yan. There are three theories that the capital was built in Qufu, Xinzheng and Zhuolu. He calculated the calendar, taught the people to sow grains, developed writing, made stems and branches, made musical instruments, and created medicine. Recording time: The emperor made Da Nao make Jiazi, and used the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches to record the time, which is still used today in the lunar calendar (Jiazi, Yichou and even Guihai, *** ten years is a cycle), which is the sixty Yuan Chen of Taoism.
Mathematics: The system of calculating numbers and determining weights and measures.
Army: The Queen of the Wind grasped the strange diagram and began to formulate the formation.
Music: Ling Lun took bamboo from the valley and made it into a flute.
Clothes: Yuan Fei Leizu first raised silkworms to make clothes from silk.
Medicine: Discuss pathology with Qi Bo and compose Nei Jing.
Text: Cangjie was the first to make inscriptions, using the method of six books.
Casting: Mining copper from Shou Mountain (five miles south of Xiangcheng County, Henan Province) to make currency.
Others: inventions of boats, carts, bows and arrows, houses, etc.
Examination of "Bushan" in Xushui
Bushan in Xushui is shaped like a cauldron and is commonly known as Guoding Mountain. It is located 22.5 kilometers northwest of Xushui County. The mountains on the west, north and south sides are steeper, and the east slope is gentler, running northwest-southeast, with an area of ??about 2 square kilometers and an altitude of 290 meters. There are many relics on the mountain, including the foundation site of Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple, the foundation site of the wall, Huangdi Terrace, Huangdi Spring, ancient wells, ancient steles, etc. The grass is miserable and the ruins are winding. Three damaged ancient steles stand on the top of the mountain, seemingly waiting for people to visit. Revealing its age and origin; a huge stone suddenly protrudes from the mountainside and is said to be the Huangdi Terrace. Next to the Huangdi Terrace is the Huangdi Spring.
There are four villages under Busan named after Busan, namely South Busan, North Busan, East Busan, and West Busan. Busan Township has a population of nearly 10,000 people, 80% of whom live in Busan Village.
Historical data proves that Xushui was formerly known as Ansu. According to the "Ansu County Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty and the "New Chronicles of Xushui County" of the Republic of China (revised in the Ming Dynasty, Volume 10 "Major Events" engraved in the 32nd year of the Republic of China), The Yellow Emperor once visited Xuanyuan to inquire about customs, punished Chiyou in the wilderness of Zhuolu, went to Pushan to meet the princes, and expressed his trust in Xushui. "Zizhi Tongjian" also stated that the Yellow Emperor's combination of Fu and Pushan was Wu Sui (the former name of Suicheng in Xushui). to Busan; according to the note in "Tongjian Zhuanyao": Busan is in Ansu County ("Yanhuang Huidian·Fangzhi Volume"); and according to "Cihai" (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, published in 1980, p. 1496): "He The Futai is in Busan, Xushui."
Archaeological discoveries At present, as many as 46 ancient cultural relics from various periods have been discovered in Xushui County, and there are no major gaps in the era. During the second national cultural relics census in 1986, a number of ancient cultural relics were discovered around Busan, which were included in "Xushui Cultural Relics Records" and "Xushui Cultural and Historical Data", and a cultural relics census file was established by the County Cultural Relics Office. .
In May 1986, an ancient cultural site was discovered in the north of Nanzhuangtou Village, about 10 kilometers due east of Busan. In August 1987, the Department of Archeology of Peking University conducted a trial excavation at the Nanzhuangtou site and determined that the site's "lower cultural layer dates from about 9,700 to 10,500 years ago, and is the earliest known Neolithic human culture in my country." The remains fill the gap from the late Paleolithic culture to the Neolithic culture of Cishan and Peiligang in northern my country, and also provide precious stratigraphic sections for studying the Holocene climate and environmental changes in northern my country."
Around Busan. The discovered Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture sites such as Wencun, Jinjiafeng, Suicheng and Puhe belong to the middle and late Neolithic Age and have a history of 5,000 years ago, roughly equivalent to the Huangdi era.
The 5,000-year-old pottery cauldrons and red-topped bowls unearthed around Busan prove that the pottery craftsmanship during the Yellow Emperor's period had reached a considerable level. Once the inventions of sericulture, clothing, writing, music, calendars, boats and carts at that time are confirmed here, Busan and the surrounding areas will have great historical significance.
Historical Geography In 1975, Mr. Tan Qixiang, a historical geographer known as the "Cultural Divine State", found an ancient Yellow River course in the "Book of Mountains and Seas" that was well-cut and testable - "Shanjing River" ". The "Shanjing River" leaves Mengjin Xiaolangdi and turns northeast along the eastern foothills of Taihang Mountain, passing through present-day Anyang and Handan, passing through Shenzhou, Gaoyang, Xushui, and flowing eastward through Anxin and Bazhou to the north of Tianjin to join the Bohai Sea. The course map of "Shanjing River" shows that the old course of the Yellow River once made a sharp turn of nearly 90 degrees at the foot of Busan in Xushui and turned eastward, leaving us with many historical relics. The cultural relics census from 1985 to 1986 confirmed that cultural sites from various periods are almost all around Busan, that is, along the ancient Yellow River. "Busan Conformity" should be a Yellow River cultural phenomenon.
Folklore about Busan, there are many folklore stories circulating in Busan and surrounding areas. "Range Rover Xushui Scenery More Wonderful" compiled by Jin Fengyun, former vice chairman of the Xushui County CPPCC, contains folklore stories about Busan; Mr. Yang Zhonglin, a retired worker from Xianshan and Dawangdian West Street in Xushui Township, collected local folktales and compiled "Buyang A large part of the book "Records of Anecdotes from the People's Republic of China and Surrounding Areas" is related to ancient tribal leaders such as Emperor Yan, Emperor Huang, and Chi You.
"The bean shed and the melon stand are like rain." The folklore about ancient history and culture that has been passed down orally from generation to generation has a vague historical projection. Legend has it that before joining Fu in Busan, the Yellow Emperor first conquered Emperor Yan through the Battle of Banquan, and shook hands with Emperor Yan in Beihe Village on the west side of Busan. To this day, there are still Beihetai ruins beside Beihe Village; and later passed the Battle of Zhuolu. Chi You was captured and killed in battle, and Chi You's remnants were collected. According to legend, there is a red earth mountain in the southeast of Busan called "Chi You Tomb".
Conclusion
The investigation of Busan has basically been completed. Busan in Xushui, Hebei Province can be said to be "the mountain has its shape, the place has its name, the history has it, and the objects have evidence. The people recite it", which can withstand scrutiny and verification. A large amount of data confirms that Busan is the only one. Xushui, Busan and the surrounding areas are the main activity areas of Huangdi and his descendants. Busan Hefu laid the preliminary foundation for the unification of China and the integration of the Chinese nation, and was an ancient Yellow River cultural phenomenon. As the embryonic idea of ??the unification of the Chinese nation, conformity culture is a precious historical and cultural heritage.
On May 29-30, 2008, the "Yellow River? Busan Historical and Cultural Symposium" was held at Dawu Group in Xushui, Hebei Province. Professor Li Boqian, Director of the Chinese Archeology and Ancient Civilization Research Center and Dean of the School of Archeology and Museology of Peking University, Professor Yuan Sixun, a nationally renowned scientific and technological archeology expert and Professor of the School of Archeology and Museology of Peking University, Professor Zhang Yufan, Director of the Ancient Books and Rare Book Room of the Peking University Library, and Baoding Archeology Experts and members of the Xushui Busan Culture Research Association participated in the discussion.
Professors Li Boqian and Yuan Sixun of Peking University wrote an inscription for the Busan Cultural Research Association:
Explore the mysteries of history, promote traditional culture, and make new contributions to the construction of advanced socialist civilization. ——Li Boqian
Promote Busan’s historical and cultural heritage. ——Yuan Si Xun
Edit this paragraph Huang Di’s achievements
Spiritual civilization
Invented calendar, astronomy, yin and yang and five elements, twelve zodiac signs, Jiazi year, writing, Pictures, books, music, musical instruments, medicine, sacrifices, weddings and funerals, coffins, tombs, sacrificial tripods, altars, temples, divination, etc.
Political Civilization
Establish the system of the ancient country: demarcate the country and divide the territory, eight families are one well, three wells are one neighbor, three neighbors are one friend, three friends are one li, five li It is a city, ten cities are capitals, ten capitals are one division, ten divisions are states, and the whole country is divided into nine states; there are official posts, left and right eunuchs, and supervision over all countries, and there are three public servants, three young masters, four assistants, and four assistants. There are 120 official positions in history, six prime ministers, and nine virtues (official names) to manage the country. The "six strict prohibitions" are put forward for officials at all levels. "Heavy" means excessive, that is, "strict prohibitions on sound, heavy taboos on sex, heavy taboos on clothing, heavy taboos on incense, heavy taboos on taste, and heavy taboos on indoors." Officials are required to live a simple life. Be vegetarian and oppose extravagance. It is proposed to govern the country with virtue, "cultivate virtue to inspire the army", apply "virtue" to the world, cultivate virtue together, be benevolent and do it, cultivate virtue and establish righteousness, especially the establishment of "ministers of nine virtues" to educate the people in nine conducts, that is, filial piety , kindness, literature, letter, words, respect, loyalty, courage and righteousness, and carry out ideological and moral construction. When it comes to using talents, we should visit, select and appoint talents, and use them according to their talents. Implementing the rule of law, establishing "rituals and laws" and "governing the law without change", ordered Limo to serve as a judge and Houtu to serve as a prison officer. Those who committed serious crimes were sentenced to death, and those who committed serious crimes were sentenced to beheading.
Material Civilization
Historical records record that the Yellow Emperor made many inventions in agricultural production, among which the main one was the implementation of the land-acre system.
Before the Yellow Emperor, the fields were boundless and there were countless cultivations. The Yellow Emperor used steps to measure acres to prevent disputes, and redivided the land in the country into "wells", with the middle piece being "acres" and owned by the government, and the eight surrounding pieces being "wells". "Private fields" are cultivated by eight families, and the harvest is paid to the government, and wells are dug through the soil. Implement a farming system on farmland, sow grains in a timely manner, invent pestles and mortars, open gardens and nurseries, plant fruits, trees and vegetables, plant mulberry and raise silkworms, raise animals and poultry, and carry out grazing. In terms of sewing and weaving, looms were invented to weave and make clothes, shoes and hats, tents, felts, robes, furs, canopies, armor, flags and jackets. In terms of pottery making, bowls, plates, cauldrons, retorts, plates, basins, stoves, etc. are made. In terms of smelting, copper is smelted to produce bronze tripods, knives, coins, zhengs, cymbals, bronze mirrors, bells, and guns. In terms of architecture, the construction of palaces, palaces, courtyards, bright halls, temples, pavilions, castles, buildings, gates, steps, silkworm rooms, ancestral temples, Yufang Palace, etc. In terms of transportation, we manufacture boats, carts, compasses, and drum carts. In terms of weapons, we manufacture knives, spears, bows and arrows, crossbows, six flags, flags, five-square flags, horns, harpoons, military symbols, ladders, sculls, cannons, swords, archers, etc. In terms of daily life, cooked food, porridge, rice, wine, meat, weighing ruler, bucket, rules, inkstone, table, felt, Zhan, seal, beads, lamp, bed, mat, cuju, etc.
The battle between Chi You and the Yellow Emperor
There are three theories about the battle between Chi You and the Yellow Emperor: one is that after the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Emperor, he defeated Chi You again and consolidated his throne. The war with Chi You seems to be the aftermath of Huang Yan's war; another theory is that Chi You expelled the Red Emperor (ie Yan Emperor), the Red Emperor appealed to the Yellow Emperor, and the two emperors joined forces to kill Chi You in Zhongji; the third theory is that Chi You launched an army to attack the Yellow Emperor, and the soldiers Defeated and killed.
The first statement is as recorded in the "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" of the Han Dynasty: "Xuanyuan cultivates virtue and invigorates the army, governs the five qi, has five kinds of arts, comforts all the people, conquers the four directions, teaches bears, braves, and tigers [] He fought with Emperor Yan in the wilderness of Banquan. After three battles, Chiyou rebelled, and without the emperor's orders, Huangdi sent troops to fight with Chiyou in the wilderness of Zhuolu, and then attached himself to kill Chiyou." Taishi Gongyan said that the Yellow Emperor’s name was Xuanyuan, and his country’s name was Xiong. He was called the Fuxi clan. He invented the technology of drilling flint to make fire and was called the Suiren clan. There is a bear country number. The "nation" at that time was actually a tribe. Bear, Pi, Pi, Xiu, [] and Tiger are the six animal names, which should be the names of the six clans in the Bear tribe, or totems. Banquan, the name of the water, is located in Yanqing County, Beijing today. Zhuolu, the name of the mountain, is in today's Zhuolu County, Hebei Province, not far from Banquan.
The second theory is found in "Yi Zhou Shu·Changmai Jie" of the Zhou Dynasty, which is also the earliest record about the Yellow Emperor in history: "Chi You is chasing the emperor, fighting for Zhuolu, leaving no trace behind. "The Red Emperor was so frightened that he told the Yellow Emperor to seize Chiyou and kill him in Zhongji." The land of Guangping is called Ah. The battle took place in the open area under Zhuolu Mountain. Yu means a corner, and "nine" means many, not limited to the specific number of eight plus one. "Jiu Yu Wu Yi" means that Chi You expelled the tribe of Red Emperor (i.e. Emperor Yan) and left no land behind. Diji refers to Jizhou in the Central Plains. "Erya·Shidi": "The area between the two rivers is called Jizhou". Guo Pu notes: "from the East River to the West River". At that time, the place where the Yellow River entered the sea was called the East River, and the place where the Hetao flows south was called the West River. "Zhou Li Zhi Fang" records: "The true north is called Bingzhou", which belongs to today's Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Zhengding and Baoding, Hebei; "the northeast is called Youzhou", which belongs to today's Beijing City. In ancient times, Jizhou was located south of You and Bing, in the southwest of present-day Shanxi and southwest Hebei. Legend has it that the place where Chi You was killed is in Jiezhou, Yuncheng, Shanxi today.
The third theory is like the "Book of Mountains and Seas·Dahuangbei Jing" written from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty: "Chiyou led an army to attack the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor ordered Yinglong to attack the wilderness of Jizhou. Yinglong livestock water. Chiyou He asked the Feng Boyu Master to control the heavy wind and rain. The Yellow Emperor sent down the goddess of heaven and said, "Sure, the rain has stopped, and he killed Chi You." Feng Boyu Shi was a wizard specializing in meteorology of the farming Chiyou tribe. He later became the god of agricultural meteorology. He had a temple and was dedicated to it every year. "Han Feizi·Ten Guo" says: "In the past, the Yellow Emperor had ghosts and gods on Mount Tai... Chi You lived in front, Feng Bo came to sweep, and the Rain Master sprinkled the way." This reflects the close relationship between Feng Bo and the Rain Master and the Chi You tribe. Because of agriculture, The harvest part of tribal production is inseparable from good weather.
Which of the three theories is correct is no longer possible or necessary to examine. For such prehistoric legends that were recorded in books after thousands of years of being passed down from Shanghai, the focus of historians is the historical shadow revealed in them; while the issues that ethnologists are concerned about are the types of ethnic groups reflected in the legends, Cultural characteristics and the process of their formation and evolution.