① from the rhythmic recitation of multiple voices, the momentum is changed into the accompaniment of rhythmic music, and the harmony of Qin: for example,
| Li Gang | is changed into the rhythm of drumming |××|.
| Wang Xiaoer | Change to double-sounding drum |×××| rhythm.
| Ouyang Bangduo | Change to the rhythm of string bells |×××× |,
The whole class is divided into three groups, each with an instrument. This is the simplest three-part rhythm band.
Because each voice only plays a fixed figure, there is no technical burden. Teachers can also direct the voices to go in and out. Students only need to follow the direction to start and stop, and the strength will change quickly, without looking at the music and worrying about making mistakes.
If you use this rhythm music to accompany a familiar two-beat nursery rhyme or song, it will increase the difficulty (use two things at once) and enrich the music, which will make learning more interesting.
This kind of language and momentum can be transformed into percussion music, and sometimes it can constitute a small work.
② Through exploratory learning, you can learn about musical instruments. For example, there is a lesson called "The Story of Drum", and everyone is given a tambourine. First look at what's on this instrument in your hand, touch all parts with your hands, and then try to make any sound in various ways. The classroom must be very lively at this time. Then ask each student to come up with a tapping method in turn. Let's imitate him making this sound. Everyone wants a different voice. So beat the drum skin, beat the bangzi, clap with the palm of your hand, play with your fingers, scratch the drum skin with your fingers, shake the bell, and even put the tambourine on the ground to turn ... Children will come up with various ways to make sounds, and imitation is a new kind of learning. On these bases, you can beat all kinds of rhythms with drums, and everyone can explore imitation; You can also change the volume and rhythm, and students take turns to be conductors. A drum is like a seed, which can be developed a lot to develop a big tree.
(3) Examples of rhythm training with percussion instruments include the study of beats, the practice of reading music (rhythm music) and so on. Orff's five-volume School Education has many examples.
The following is a piece of rhythm music compiled by the author after simplifying a piece of music in Ducks Quarrel (China national percussion music), which is suitable for the lower grades of primary school. It is difficult to score individual rhythms if possible. But they can still knock it out by listening to it. The author once gave an open teaching class in the first grade of Shenzhen Experimental Primary School, which proved that the potential of students often exceeded the expectations of adults.
Attached is the rhythm score of Ducks Quarrel. (omitted)
④ Talk with rhythm music and "tell" stories.
This is another impromptu topic. You can pick a percussion instrument in pairs and use it to "chat" with each other, or show a percussion "sketch", such as one reading a newspaper, one arguing with him all the time, two arguing and making up again.
You can also design a story in groups and use percussion instruments to accompany it ... China's "Three Monks", "Turtle Free Race" and so on are all good themes for improvisation. Other topics such as "The Storm" and "Watching the Game" are also very suitable for percussion improvisation.
⑤ The principle of musical instrument is the same as percussion. It mainly uses big muscle activities to play music by tapping, which is very easy for anyone to learn. Orff's musical instrument has a very delicate design: each piano usually has 13 to 15 notes, each of which can be extracted, so that when beginners start to learn, sometimes only 2-3 notes are used to play, and other intervals can be played for fear that students will make mistakes.
Orff's music designed for children is completely based on the original music, such as a song with only
5 3(So Mi) at first, and it will be learned as soon as it is learned. After a long period of time, only five-tone songs were written. These songs are very easy to learn and remember because they have no semitones. More importantly, this five-tone song will not produce harsh and discordant sound when it is used as a multi-tone practice, unlike the harmony rules in harmony songs. It is a kind of laterally linear music. This is the characteristic of original music.
There is also the application of fixed patterns, which is also the most prominent feature of Orff's original music. A long piece of music is played repeatedly with only one rhythm, which is extremely easy to master and create. Similar to the fixed sound pattern, there are five-degree long accompaniment, bohr movement and other forms. The musical structure has also been introduced before. On musical instruments, these are all easily designed and played by children, and the original music is produced on such instruments.
Attached below are three pieces of music that are accompanied by children's songs of ethnic minorities in China, compiled by Li Yanzhi, the vice chairman of Orff Society in China. (omitted)
Finally, I want to introduce the method of using percussion to participate in appreciation teaching.
In recent twenty years, the method of participating in music teaching has become a new trend. Teachers not only use symbols to make pattern scores, but also use orff instruments (mainly percussion instruments) in large quantities. Students listen to music, look at the pattern scores and knock percussion music as if they were members of one of the bands, which not only improves their interest, but also makes their experience of music clearer and deeper because of their personal participation.
For example, the Spring Festival Overture and Li Huanzhi Music. It is a complex trilogy. Let's draw a diagram of the musical structure first (see the structural map).
Four rhythm scores are designed for some pieces of music: (omitted)
Musical instrument symbols:
Q drum,-‖-hairpin; □ Double ring drum (wow box); Delta iron; String bells; ⊥ One-sided cymbal.
The class is divided into five musical instrument groups. In addition, one of them plays a single-sided cymbal and plays it at the joint of B..
Students only enter according to the rhythm of different musical instruments according to the paragraphs they hear. It is important for teachers to be very familiar with the whole music. See the attached melody melody spectrum (for teachers, here is the rhythm score).
Because the music is very beautiful and the atmosphere is warm, the students have no technical burden to play, and their participation is very enthusiastic, and the effect is always good. On the basis of such participation, the music has been deeply imprinted in my heart, and students are very happy to listen to a brief introduction of the structure and creative background related to the music.
There are a lot of teaching materials in this kind of lesson plans abroad, which have changed the past situation of passive appreciation and not going deep into music, and are deeply loved by students and teachers.
Orff's music education has only been in China for more than ten years, and there is no specialized teacher training institution in China, so there is still a long way to go in integrating with China culture. However, from the reflection of teachers, students and many educational experts who have been exposed to this teaching method, it does bring us a fresh breath. Taking this education system as a bridge can guide us to catch up with the world music education more quickly and make our contribution to striding across the world.