Gongchipu

gōng chě pǔ

One of the traditional Chinese folk notation methods. It got its name from the use of words such as Gong and Chi to write the roll call. It is closely related to the fingering and palace tune systems of many important national musical instruments, and is widely used in folk songs, folk arts, operas, and instrumental music.

Gongchipu may have originally evolved from the fingering symbols of wind instruments. Due to the different periods, regions, and types of music it was spread in, the phonetic characters, fonts, palace sound positions, and solfa methods used are different. difference. Commonly used Gongchi notation in modern times generally uses the words He, Si, Yi, Shang, Chi, Gong, Fan, Liu, Wu, B, etc. as the basic symbols to express pitch (also a roll call), which can be equivalent to sol, la , si, do, re, mi, fa (or rising Fa), sol, la, si. If the name with the same sound is an octave higher, you can move the last stroke of the character upward, or add the radical 任, such as the upper octave of the character above is written as 上 or 仩. On the contrary, if the name with the same sound is an octave lower, the last stroke of the character can be written downward, such as Fan, Gong, etc. If it is two octaves higher, double pick or add radical 彳 in the last stroke, as above, . If it is two octaves lower, the last stroke will be double-skimmed, as above.

The rhythm symbol of Gongchipu is called banyan. Generally, the board represents the strong shot, and the eye represents the weak shot. There are various forms such as loose board, flowing board, one board with one eye, one board with three eyes, and one board with three eyes with a bonus board. The loose board is a free rhythm; the flowing board is written with a board for each beat, usually a 1/4 rhythm, and has two forms: the solid board and the waist board: the solid board refers to the board that is laid down at the same time as the music, and the amine board is A board laid before or after the sound is sounded; a board with a glance is a board and an eye formed into a 2/4 beat; a board with three eyes is a board and three eyes formed into a 4/4 beat; a bonus board is a board with three eyes , only found in Nanqu of Kun Opera, roughly equivalent to 4/2 beat.

Gongchipu has a long history. Yanle half-character musical notation has been used in the Tang Dynasty, such as the "Tangren Daqupu" written in the fourth year of Changxing (933) by Emperor Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty found in Dunhuang Thousand Buddha Cave. By the Song Dynasty, it was a common character spectrum, such as the spectrum recorded in Zhang Yan's "Etymology", the side score of Jiang Kui's "Songs of the Taoist Baishi", and the guan chromatogram in Chen Yuanliang's "Shi Lin Guang Ji", etc. It has been developed until the Gongchipu that was popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

From this notation method to the Qian and Jian years of the Qing Dynasty, an orchestral ensemble score written with Gongchi notation appeared - "Xiansuo Preparation" or "Xiansuo Thirteen Sets".

The common Gongchi notation in modern times generally uses the words "He, Si, Yi, Shang, Chi, Gong, Fan, Liu, Wu, Yi" to indicate the pitch (and also the roll call). The basic symbols [can be equal to sol, la, si, do, re, mi, fa (or sharp fa), sol, la, si]. If it represents a higher sound than "Yi", it will be in "Chi, Gong", etc. Add the symbol "任" on the left side of the character; if it expresses a lower sound than "合", drag the tail at the end of the characters such as "Gong" and "Chi".

The following is a comparison table of several Gongchipu characters:

Gongchipu uses "丶" or "×, -" or "□, ○, ●, △," etc. As a beat symbol, it is also a banyan symbol. The writing format of Gongchi Pu is usually written in vertical lines from right to left, with the Banyan symbol written to the right of the Gongchi character. Use a space at the end of each sentence. Such as:

Up, up,

Work. Gong Gong,

Chi Chi. Work

Part 1, 4.

The four Gong and Chi

combine. Work,

IV. combine.

Chi Four

Up, Up,

Together. Four.

Four Part 1

For some vocal music, the Gongchi character is also written in diagonal notation, which is called "□yi style Gongchipu". For example: There are seven types of tune signatures in Gongchipu: "Shangzi tune, Chizi tune, Xiaogong tune, Fanzi tune, Liuzi tune, Wuzi tune, and Yizi tune" (see Gongzi tune Chi Qi Tune).