Moshang Sang
The sun rises in the southeast corner, shining on my Qin family building. The Qin family had a good daughter who named herself Luofu. Luo Fu is good at sericulture and picks mulberry trees in the south corner of the city; green silk is used as a cage tie, and cinnamon twigs are used as cage hooks. The Japanese is wearing a bun on her head, and there are bright moon beads in her ears; Xiangqi is the lower skirt, and purple Qi is the upper skirt. When the traveler sees Luo Fu, he lowers his shoulder to smooth his mustache. When the young man saw Luofu, he took off his hat and bowed his head. Those who till the land forget their plows, and those who hoe forget their hoes; when they come and return they are angry with each other, but they sit and watch Luo Fu.
The envoy came from the south, and the five horses stood hesitant. The envoy sent his officials to ask whose maiden it was. "The Qin family has a good daughter, and she names herself Luofu." "How old is Luofu?" "Twenty is not enough, but fifteen is more than enough." The envoy thanked Luofu and said, "Would you rather marry her?"
Luo Fu delivered a speech in front of him: "What a fool you are! You have your own wife, and Luo Fu has your own husband. There are more than a thousand horses in the east, and your husband is at the top. What's the use of knowing your husband? The white horse follows the Li colt; The green silk is tied to the horse's tail, and the gold is tied to the horse's head; the deer and the sword in the waist are worth more than ten million. There are quite a few people walking around the palace, and thousands of people are sitting in the palace, all saying that the husband and son-in-law are special."
Explanation of the question
Selected from "Collection of Yuefu Poems". "Mo Shang Sang", also known as "Yan Ge Luo Fu Xing", is a famous Yuefu folk song in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The so-called "Yuefu" was originally a music institution established by the state in the early Western Han Dynasty. Its responsibilities were to collect and organize folk songs or literati poems, formulate music scores, and train musicians. It was in charge of music and prepared for court sacrifices, court gatherings, and banquets. It is a mechanism for entertainment during meals and travels. The poems collected by this kind of music organ can be sung with music scores. By the Six Dynasties, in order to distinguish this kind of poetry from poetry without music, people called it "Yuefu Song Ci" or "Yuefu Poetry", and it became a new poetry genre.
"Yuefu Poems" are mostly folk songs. According to records in "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", *** collected 138 Han Yuefu folk songs, which is another collection of folk songs after "The Book of Songs". Han Yuefu is an extremely precious literary heritage in the history of Chinese literature. It inherits "The Book of Songs: National Style" and begins with Jian'an poetry. It shines like a string of brilliant literary pearls and complements each other, forming an important part of the realism tradition of Chinese poetry. The great poets of later generations, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others have inherited and developed this excellent tradition very well. Yuefu poetry created a new style of poetry based on five characters in form, and laid the foundation for five character poetry after the Han Dynasty. In terms of expression techniques, it has a certain storyline, which greatly develops the genre of narrative poetry.
There are many famous chapters and interesting sentences in Yuefu poems, which have been passed down through the generations. "Mo Shang Sang" is one of the representative masterpieces. It can be said that it is the companion piece of "The Peacock Flies Southeast".
Interpretation
The whole poem is divided into three sections. The first paragraph (the first nature section) describes the beautiful appearance of Luofu.
"The sun rises in the southeast corner, shining on my Qin family building." The first sentence of the poem begins, which depicts a magnificent scene of the sun rising in the east: the red and bright sun rises from the east in the blue sky. Rising slowly, brilliant and brilliant, shining on the earth, dyeing everything in the poetic realm, full of vitality, giving people a feeling of beauty, and arousing people's beautiful associations and imaginations. The poem follows the idea of ??"sunrise" and "illuminating the building", and naturally leads to the second sentence, "illuminating my Qin's building", which leads readers to follow the sunshine and lead their eyes to the pavilion of the heroine in the poem. The poet uses the first-person expression technique to reveal his love and praise for Luofu, which is natural and cordial. Although the heroine does not appear at this time, the reader seems to see her dressing up in the mirror as the bright spring sunshine shines on the tall building. The beautiful description of the scenery creates a harmonious atmosphere, paving the way for the heroine's appearance below, and laying out a beautiful background.
"The Qin family has a good daughter who calls herself Luofu." The third sentence follows the second sentence and begins the narrative of the story. The second sentence points out "Qin's House", the third sentence introduces the good daughter Qin, the hostess of this building, and the fourth sentence introduces the name of this "good girl" as "Luofu". "Name", a noun used as a verb, is called. "Qin" is a surname commonly used by beautiful women in ancient poetry. "Good girl" means "beautiful girl".
"Luofu" is a name commonly used by beauties in ancient times. Here, around Luo Fu's surname and given name, the word "beauty" is emphasized, which highlights that Qin Luofu is an outstanding beauty and leaves a good impression on the readers.
"Luofu is good at sericulture, and he picks mulberry trees in the south corner of the city; green silk is used as a cage tie, and cinnamon branches are used as cage hooks." Luofu not only has a beautiful surname and name, but also has the virtue of loving labor and being diligent in work. She is a farm girl who has loved picking mulberries and raising silkworms since she was a child. She is an expert at picking mulberries and raising silkworms. As soon as the heroine in the poem appears, she leaves readers with a beautiful image of a working woman. You see her carrying a mulberry basket and laughing loudly as she went to pick mulberries in the mulberry field in the south of the city. Luofu went out of the city to pick mulberry in the "south corner of the city". This description of the working place prepared the ground for the unfolding of the story below. Then the poet focused on the description of Luofu mulberry picking equipment, borrowed objects to describe people, and used two close-up shots to describe in detail: one describes the rope on the mulberry basket, made of black silk, how exquisite and gorgeous it is. The handle of the mulberry basket is made of osmanthus branches, how fragrant and attractive it is. The mulberry picking equipment is so extraordinary, and it also highlights the word "beauty", because only in this way can it match and harmonize with the beauty.
"The Japanese is wearing a bun on her head, and there are bright moon beads in her ears; Xiangqi is the lower skirt, and purple Qi is the upper jacket." The author also focuses on the description of Luofu's beautiful clothes, using four close-up shots to illustrate A vivid description: Write about Luo Fu’s hairstyle. "Japanese fallen bun", the bun looks like stacked clouds and is tilted to one side of the head. It looks like falling but not falling. It is also called "falling horse bun". This was the fashionable hairstyle for women at that time. The second part describes the beauty's earrings, wearing earrings made of orbs. "Mingyue Pearl" is said to be a kind of orb from the Qin Kingdom in the Western Regions. Its shape and brightness are like a "bright moon". Here they are written in order from top to bottom, first writing "on the head", and then writing "in the ears". The sparkling earrings and the black cloud-like bun set off and reflect each other, describing the gorgeousness of Luo Fu's jewelry. Third, write about her "lower skirt", made for "Xiangqi". "Xianqi", apricot-yellow patterned satin. Fourth, write her "shangru". "襦", a short coat, is made of "Ziqi". "Ziqi", purple patterned satin. Here we write in order from bottom to top, first write "lower skirt", and then "upper jacket". Luo Fu had a light yellow skirt floating on her lower body, and a purple waist-length jacket on her upper body. The colors were coordinated, so elegant and elegant.
Here, usually the author wants to describe Luofu's appearance, but the poet does not describe the character's appearance positively, but blindly paints on the mulberry picking equipment and clothing. This is just like some highly skilled poets. Painters often add some green leaves around the red flowers; put a few clouds next to the moon. However, these green leaves and clouds are by no means dispensable. They are the foil and rendering of the "red flowers" and "moon". Because of the contrast and support of the green leaves, the red flowers become brighter and brighter; because of the contrast and rendering of the clouds, the moon becomes brighter and brighter. The image of Luofu in the poem also uses the technique of setting off the clouds and the moon, and uses the exquisite mulberry picking utensils and clothing to set off Luofu's beautiful appearance and posture.
"When a traveler sees Luofu, he puts down his burden and strokes his mustache. When a young man sees Luofu, he takes off his hat and wears a bow. The plowman forgets his plow, and the hoeer forgets his hoe; when he comes and returns, we are angry with each other, but we sit and watch Luofu. Fu." The poet changed his perspective and described the beauty of Luo Fu indirectly from the feelings and reactions of bystanders. When passersby saw Luofu, they couldn't help but put down their burdens, stroked the beard around their mouth, and watched. When the young man saw Luofu, he excitedly took off his hat, straightened the gauze on his head, and watched in ecstasy. "The plower forgets his plow" originally means "The plower sees Luofu, and forgets his plow when standing still"; "The plower forgets his hoe" originally means "The plower sees Luofu, and forgets his hoe in desperation" "Austerity. This contraction makes the poem much more refined and poetic. The poem describes the actions and moods of each person through side descriptions of the "walker" putting down his load, the "young man" taking off his hat, the "cultivator" forgetting the plow, and the "hoeer" forgetting the hoe. , fully expressing Luo Fu’s gorgeous appearance. Especially after they returned home, they admired Luo Fu's beauty, which aroused the jealousy of his wife, resulting in a family "dispute". The interweaving of this detail is humorous and humorous, which makes the story lively and full of life interest.
The author does not describe Luo Fu's beauty from the front, but writes about the admiration of bystanders from the side, leaving a broad space for imagination and inspiring readers to imagine rich characters through association based on their own life experiences. In this way, the beauty of Luofu is more vivid and unforgettable, and the artistic effect achieved is incomparable to those general positive descriptions (such as "moth eyebrows", "almond eyes", "red lips", etc.) How many times better.
In feudal society, the beauty of working women often led to harassment and persecution by some dignitaries. The first paragraph of the poem describes Luo Fu's beauty, which leads to the second and third paragraphs, telling the story of Shijun's shameful molestation and seduction of Luo Fu, but was severely rejected. The poet is not satisfied with the description of the external beauty of the characters. The second paragraph goes deep into revealing the characters' soul and personality.
"Shijun came from the south, and the five horses stood hesitant." "Shijun" was the chief, prefect or governor of the county in the Han Dynasty. He had a higher official position and usually had to ride in a five-horse carriage when going out. Only when "the envoy comes from the south" can he meet Luo Fu who is "in the south corner of the mulberry picking city" and the story unfolds. "Stand" means to stop. "Hesitation", wandering, stagnant appearance. Here, the author does not say "the king" controlled the horse to stop, but said "the five horses stood hesitant", which can be called a vivid stroke. "Five horses" implicitly describes the majesty of the "Shi Jun"; "Li Hesitation" vividly depicts that the "Shi Jun" was impressed by Luo Fu's beauty as soon as he saw her, and suddenly had evil thoughts and slanderous thoughts. Despicable and lustful. At the same time, the beauty of Luofu is highlighted from the reverse side.
"The envoy sent an official to ask who is Shu." "The Qin family has a beautiful daughter, and she names herself Luofu." ("Shu" means a beautiful woman.) "The envoy" stopped the car. Later, he was eager to know about Luofu's situation, so he sent his servants to find out whose beauty this was. Why does the "envoy" "send officials there" and why do we ask "whose wife is this?" It can be seen that he has evil intentions. In addition, the poet cleverly omitted the process and questions of the servant asking Luofu, and skipped and only wrote the servant's answer to the "envoy" when he came back: This beauty is from the Qin family, and her name is Luofu.
"How old is Luofu?" "Twenty is not enough, but fifteen is more than enough." "Shijun" "sent officials" again, asking for further understanding. "How old is Luofun?" is obviously what the "envoy" said when explaining tasks to his servants. From asking "whose sister is this?" to asking "how old are you?", the malicious intent of the "envoy" becomes more obvious. The author still omitted the questions and only wrote the answers. The servant came back after inquiring and reported to the "envoy" again: He is not yet twenty years old, and is just over fifteen years old. When the "envoy" heard this, he was a young man who was exactly what he wanted, and his mouth was already watering.
The envoy thanked Luofu and said, "Would you rather be married?" The "envoy" thought that with his high official position, generous salary, and power, he could win the favor of this peasant woman, so he couldn't wait to , leaving the servants aside, walked up to Luo Fu, and made a naked request of "*** Zai", to ride with him in the car, return to the house, and become his concubine. In this way, it was completely exposed that the "Shijun" acted recklessly with his power and tried to seize Luofu.
The third paragraph writes about Luo Fu boasting about her husband and sternly refusing to "envoy the king".
Luo Fu made a speech in front of him: "What a fool you are! You have a wife, and Luofu has a husband." Luo Fu, who was smart and clever, had no idea about the "Shi Jun" whom he met on the roadside and had never met before. "If you control the horse and don't move forward, you have already been wary of the evil in asking for your name. Therefore, when the "Shijun" made unreasonable demands, she was neither tempted by his high-ranking official and generous salary nor intimidated by his power. She bravely stepped forward to meet him. Her dialogue was reasonable, reserved and subtle. Targeted and righteous: "Shijun," why are you so stupid! You have your wife (you are a married man) and I have my husband (I am a married woman). This answer is both a positive rebuke and a mockery. In this dialogue, Luo Fu's contempt for the powerful, his unyielding fighting spirit and his bold and bold character are clearly demonstrated.
"There are more than a thousand horses in the East, and the husband is at the top. Why know the husband? The white horse is from the colt; the green silk is tied to the tail, the gold is tied to the horse's head; the deer and Lu sword in the waist are worth more than ten million." "While the poem shows Luo Fu's boldness and courage to fight, it also does not ignore her wit, bravery and good at fighting. This is the wonderful description of Luo Fu Sheng's praise of her husband in the third paragraph of the poem.
In the poem, narrative, lyricism and description are organically integrated, focusing on portraying the character and making the character image lifelike, achieving amazing artistic achievements. Therefore, "Mo Shang Sang" has been loved and recited by people for thousands of years.