A Ying

A Ying (1900 ~ June 17, 1977) was a native of Wuhu, Anhui. That is Qian Xing_, formerly known as Qian Defu, also known as Qian Defu. The main pen names include Qian Qianwu_Zhang Ruoying_Ruan Wuming_Ying Falcon_Wei Ruhui, etc. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1926. In 1927, he fled from Wuhu to Wuhan and then to Shanghai. He was engaged in revolutionary literary and artistic activities for a long time. He organized the "Sun Society" with Jiang Guangci and others, and edited "Sun Monthly", "Haifeng Weekly", etc. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in national salvation literary and artistic activities in Shanghai. He served as an editorial board member of the "National Salvation Daily" and the chief editor of the "Literature" magazine. In 1941, he went to northern Jiangsu to participate in the revolutionary literary and artistic work of the New Fourth Army, and participated in the leadership of propaganda and united front work.

Chinese name: Qian Xingcun, Qian Defu

Alias: Aying

Nationality: China

Birthplace: Wuhu, Anhui

Date of birth: 1900

Date of death: June 17, 1977

Occupation: writer, literary theorist

Representative works ：Historical dramas "King Li Chuang", "Blue Blood Flower", etc., anthology "A-English Collection"

Personal Experience

Famous modern playwright, literary theorist and literary critic. He has written poems, novels, and essays, especially dramas, including historical dramas "King Li Chuang" and "Blue Blood Flower". There are anthologies such as "A-English Collection". His representative works "Zheng Chenggong" and "The Biography of Yang E" are known as "Southern Ming historical dramas". In 1946, he served as secretary of the Cultural Committee of the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, and later as secretary of the Cultural Committee of the Propaganda Department of the Dalian Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as director of culture in Tianjin, chairman of the North China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and deputy secretary-general of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He wrote extensively throughout his life, covering literature, literary theory, literary criticism, drama, film literature history, art history, etc. He also attached great importance to the collection, organization and research of popular literature and folk arts. In terms of Tanci, he has written "A Review of Tanci Novels" and "A Brief History of Female Tanci". Writings about novels and tanci have been collected in works such as "Novel Talk", "Novel Talk Two", "Novel Talk Three", and "Novel Talk Four". The compiled works such as "Late Qing Literature Series" and "Opium War Literature Collection" contain folk art and tanci works and materials. He is the author of the novel "Yi Zhong", the essay "Night Flight Collection", the scripts "Blue Blood Flower" and "King Li Chuang", and the treatises "Modern Chinese Literary Writers", "Modern Chinese Literature Theory", and "A Brief History of the Development of Chinese New Year Paintings". His collections include "Historical Materials of the Chinese New Literature Movement" and "Late Qing Literature Series Notes".

His historical status in drama creation was established by the three major "Southern Ming historical dramas" he created during the "Isolated Island" period in Shanghai, including "Blue Blood Flower" (1939, also known as "Ming Dynasty"). "The Last Regret", "Ge Nanniang"), "Heroes of the Sea" (1940, also known as "Zheng Chenggong") and "The Story of Yang E" (1941), this series of plays created a sensation in Shanghai's "Isolated Island" repercussions.

"Blue Blood Flower" writes that Ge Nanniang, a famous Qinhuai prostitute, wanted to kill herself in order to prompt the Ming general Sun Kewei, who was nostalgic for her, to go to Fujian to join forces with the Tang king to fight against the Qing Dynasty. She then defected to the rebel army with Sun Kewei. Fight the enemy bravely. She angrily denounced the traitor Zheng Zhilong, showing her awe-inspiring righteousness that despises evil. After being defeated and captured, she disdained the Qing army's threats and inducements, remained unyielding, and finally committed suicide by biting her tongue. "Heroes of the Sea" is Ah Ying's masterpiece. It writes about the national hero Zheng Chenggong who resolutely broke with his father who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and bravely took on the important task of resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty. It eulogized his strong will and noble national integrity for not being discouraged, persevering, and fighting to the end. "The Biography of Yang E" tells the story of the patriotic female martyr Yang E in the late Ming Dynasty. After her husband died for the country and Emperor Yongli was killed by Wu Sangui, she sneaked into the Wu Mansion to plot to assassinate Wu Sangui, but her wish failed and she fell ill and died. It eulogizes Yang E's fighting spirit of being strong and persistent, vowing to avenge her country and hate her family. Aying's historical drama created an image of a national hero who had the courage to act, regardless of life and death, and raised patriotic enthusiasm and national integrity, thus effectively inspiring the people in the occupied areas to fight tenaciously against the enemy.

(Chapter 23 of "New Modern Chinese Literature" by Yan Wei and Zhang Tongjun)

Main Works

Modern Chinese Literature Writers (Volume 1-3, Commentary) 1928- 1930, Taidong; updated and renamed "Criticism of Six Major Literary Writers", 1932, Yadong

Happy Dance (Collection of Novels and Dramas) 1928, Modern

Maizhong Collection (Prose Collection) 1928, Shanghai Luoye Bookstore

Wandering (diary) 1928, Yadong

The Night Before the Storm (long poem) 1928, modern

The story of revolution ( Collection of Short Stories) 1928, Shanghai Chunye Bookstore

A Whip Mark (Novelette) 1928, Taidong

Yizhong (Collection of Short Stories) 1928, Yadong

White Smoke (short story collection) 1828, modern

Desolate Land (poetry) 1929, Taitung

Modern Literature and Art Research (review, famous "The Literature and Art of Power" 1929, Taitung East

On Works (Review) 1929, Shanghai Dian Bookstore

Marusha (Short Story Collection) 1930, Modern

Literary Criticism Collection (Review) 1930 , China

Literature and Social Tendency (Review) 1930, Taidong

How to Study Emerging Literature 1930, Shanghai Nanqiang Book Company

Creation and Life (Paper) 1932, Liangyou

Modern Chinese Literature (Collected Essays) 1933, Shanghai Hezhong Bookstore,

Secret Records of China's New Literary Circle 1933, Shanghai Nanqiang Bookstore

Collection of Night Flights (Collection of Essays) 1933, Liangyou

Novel Chats (Notes, Research) 1936, Liangyou

Collection of Haishi (Collection of Essays) 1935, Evaluation of Beixin Tanci Novels 1937, China

History of Late Qing Novels 1937, Business; 1955, Writer; 1980, Humanities

Spring Wind and Autumn Rain (Drama) 1937, General Bookstore Literature During the Anti-Japanese War (Collected Essays) 1938, Guangzhou Wartime Publishing House

Bi Xue Hua (script, titled "The Grudge of the Ming Dynasty") 1939, Shanghai National Bookstore; later changed to a four-act play, 1957, drama

Orioles Flying in disorder (Drama) 1939, Shanghai Modern Drama Society

Five Sisters (Drama) 1940, Shanghai Yaxing Bookstore

Taohuayuan (Drama 1940, Shanghai Yaxing Bookstore

Hero of the Sea - Zheng Chenggong (drama) 1941, Shanghai Guomin Bookstore

Sleepless City (drama) 1941, Shanghai Drama Publishing House

Hong Xuanjiao (historical drama) 1941, Shanghai Guomin Bookstore

Research on Chinese Popular Literature (notes, textual research) 1944, Shanghai China United Publishing Company

Li Chuangwang (historical drama) 1948, Northeast China

The Biography of Yang E (drama) )1950, Morning Light

Theory and Practice of Factory Entertainment Work, 1950, Sanlian

Working in the Factory and Creation, 1950, Morning Light

Daily Notes on Theater Arts, 1961 Morning Light

Narration of the Legend of Lei Feng Pagoda and Others 1953, First Miscellaneous; later renamed "Record of the Legend of Lei Feng Pagoda" 1960, China

A Brief History of the Development of Chinese New Year Paintings 1954, Beijing Chaohua Art Publishing Society

The History of Chinese Comic Pictures 1957, Beijing China Classical Art Publishing House

A Brief Account of Late Qing Literature and Art Newspapers 1958, Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House

Three Discussions on Novels (notes, textual research) 1979, ancient books

A Ying's collection 1979, Hong Kong Sanlian

A Ying's selected plays 1980, drama

A Ying's selected prose 1981, Baihua

Four Talks on the Novel 1981, Ancient Books

A Ying Art Essays 1982, Fine Arts

Diary Behind Enemy Lines (Volume 1 and 2) 1982, Jiangsu People

Four Kinds of Novels and Chats 1985, Ancient Books

Edited Bibliography

New Literary and Art Descriptive Dictionary 1930, Continuation, 1931

, Shanghai Nanqiang Book Company

Construction of Diary Compositions 1931, Shanghai Nanqiang Book Company

Youth Literature Self-Study Reader 1931, Lake Breeze

Youth Creative Writing 1932, Guangming

Selected Diary Literature Series (including two volumes of Classical Chinese and Chinese Style), 1933, Nanqiang Bookstore, Shanghai

Selected Essays of Modern Famous Masters, 1933, Nanqiang Bookstore, Shanghai

Historical Materials of the Chinese New Literature Movement, 1934, Guangming

Modern Essay Notes, 1935, Guangming; after the addition, the name was changed to "Modern Sixteen Essays", 1940, Guangming

Gengzi Guobian Tanci (Qing Dynasty), written by Li Boyuan, edited, 1935, Liangyou

Baishiqiao's original manuscript (volumes 1 and 2) (Ming Dynasty) written by Chen Ji, proofread, 1935, Shangza

Mai Chou Collection (Qing Dynasty) edited by Qian Shanghao, collated, 1936, Shang Za

Meiyou Culture (Ming Dynasty) selected by Zheng Yuanxun, collated, 1936, Shang Za

Li Shishu (Ming Dynasty), written by Li Zhuowu, collated, 1936, Bulletin of China

Ten Kinds of Wang Jizhong (Ming Dynasty) written by Wang Siren, collated, 1936, Bulletin of China

China New Literature University Department·Historical Material Index 1936, Liangyou

Late Ming Sketch Library (1-4) 1936, Shanghai Dajiang Bookstore

Wu Sao Collection (Ming Dynasty) compiled by Wang Deng, proofread, 1936, Upper Miscellaneous

Collected Works of Zhong Bojing (Volume 1 and 2) (Ming Dynasty) by Zhong Xing, proofread, 1936, Upper Miscellaneous

Four kinds of works by Ye Tianbao (Ming Dynasty), written by Ye Yuan, proofread, 1936, Shangza

Collection of Ke Xuezhai (Ming Dynasty) by Yuan Zhongdao, proofread, 1936, Shangza

Selected Anti-Japanese War one-act plays 1937, Hankou Drama Times Publishing House

Modern National Disaster History Series (1-3) 1940, Shanghai Chaofeng Publishing House

Selected Modern Famous Dramas 1941, Shanghai Theater Arts Publishing House

Essentials of Modern Famous Dramas 1947 , Shanghai Chaofeng Publishing House

Collection of Sino-French War Literature, 1948, Beixin; 1957, China

Collection of Sino-Japanese War Literature, 1948, Beixin; later renamed "Collection of Sino-Japanese War Literature" ", 1958, China

Collection of Prints of Dream of Red Mansions 1955, Shanghai Publishing Company

Collection of Late Qing Opera Novels 1957, Shanghai United Literature and Art Publishing House

Collection of Opium War Literature (2 volumes), 1957, Beijing Guxi Publishing House

Westward Journey Comics 1958, Fine Arts

Gengzi Incident Literature Collection 1959, China

Anti-American Chinese Work Ban Collection of Literature About 1960, China

Late Qing Literature Series (including novels 1-4, 2 volumes each, a volume on novels and opera studies, a volume on rap literature, and a volume on translations of foreign literature, Russia One volume of literary translations, one volume of legendary dramas 1960-1962, China

Yangliuqing Dream of the Red Chamber New Year Picture Collection 1963, Tianjin Fine Arts

Dream of the Red Chamber Opera Collection (2 volumes) 1978, China

The Music of Labor (short story) by Gorky the Soviet Union, 1932, Shanghai Hezhong Bookstore

Mother's Marriage (novel) by Gorky the Soviet Union, 1935, Shanghai Longhu Bookstore

Selected Works of Gorky, 1947, Shanghai New Bookstore

My Education by Soviet Gorky, 1948, Shanghai Xinlu Bookstore

(Yu Runqi)

Historical Contribution

Aying is the backbone and warrior of the "Sun Society", the first literary society under the direct leadership of the Communist Party of China. The article "The Dead Age of Ah Q", although it was radical and childish, stirred up the literary world with a shocking spirit of veto; the Left Federation was established, and he served as the League Secretary and Executive Committee Standing Committee; Chinese Culture The General League was born, and he was also a member of the Standing Committee and Minister of Propaganda of the General League. He wrote more than 100 kinds of works in his lifetime, covering tens of millions of words, covering drama, prose, novels, poetry, literary criticism, novel history, folk art research, literary historical material research and many other fields. And in many fields, he has left behind achievements and pioneering initiatives that cannot be ignored.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Ah Ying advocated "Literature of Power" and cheered for the new and immature proletarian literature. He early applied the Marxist-Leninist theory of class struggle to explain the nature, purpose, program, and tasks of proletarian literature from the standpoint of revolutionary utilitarianism. He also commented on a large number of writers and works based on their practical significance, which contributed to the development of proletarian literature. 's surge. The number of writers he commented on at that time and his influence were as great as Mao Dun's. During the Anti-Japanese War and later, Aying created eleven plays with amazing energy. Xia Yan believes: "During the Anti-Japanese War, the most written scripts were by Guo Moruo and Qian Xing_." Especially the five historical dramas created by Aying, with their distinctive patriotic themes, heroic spirit, and soul-stirring revolutionary pride, As well as skilled artistic skills, it not only greatly inspired the anti-Japanese fighting spirit of the people of the time and generated strong social repercussions, but also successfully handled the relationship between history and drama, ancient and modern, and found a way to create historical dramas on the premise of being loyal to history. Create a new way to serve the actual struggle.

"A Ying's Biography Chapter 1 Introduction: On the A Ying Phenomenon"