(Changli Yangko, Guzi Yangko, Jiaozhou Yangko, Haiyang Big Yangko, Northern Shaanxi Yangko, Fushun Yangko)

Time: 2006

Category: Folk Dance

Region: Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi

Yangko is a very popular and representative folk dance widely spread in China (mainly in the northern region) Different regions have different names and styles of dance. Among the people, there are two types of names for Yangko: those performed on stilts are called "Stilt Yangko", and those performed without stilts are called "ground Yangko". What is called "Yangge" in modern times mostly refers to "local Yangge". Yangko has a long history. The folk dance troupe introduced by Zhou Mi in the Southern Song Dynasty in "Old Wulin Events" has records of "Village Music". Wu Xilin's "New Year's Miscellaneous Odes" of the Qing Dynasty clearly records the relationship between the existing Yangko and the "Mutian Music" of the Song Dynasty. Origin relationship. Nowadays, Yangko in various places generally takes the form of Yangko dance teams. The number of dance teams ranges from a dozen people to hundreds of people. They include group dances, duet dances, trio dances and other performance forms. According to the needs of the role, they hold the corresponding Handkerchiefs, umbrellas, sticks, drums, money whips and other props are used to dance to the accompaniment of gongs, drums, suona and other wind and percussion instruments. The dance methods, movements and styles of Yangko in various places are different. Some are powerful and powerful, some are soft and pretty, and they are various and beautiful.

Yangge is one of the most representative folk dances in northern China. It is both performative and self-entertaining. It is deeply loved by the people. Some representative folk Yangko artists have appeared in various places, and many folk artists have played an important role in the construction of the dance industry of New China. Today, with the rapid development of the rural economy and the subsequent changes in the cultural environment, there are very few folk artists who can master traditional Yangko skills and pure dance styles. Protection and inheritance work urgently need to be carried out.

Yangge·Changli Yangge

Application area or unit: Changli County, Hebei Province

Changli Yangge is one of the most representative folk dances in Hebei Province 1. Distributed in Changli, Lulong, Funing, Leting, Luanxian and other places in Hebei Province. It was first produced in the Yuan Dynasty and has been passed down to this day.

Changli Yangko has a distinct personality from form to content. In form, it is divided into two types: Paijie Yangko and Changzi Yangko. In terms of content, except for "Ping Yangko", which has no fixed plot, most of them are "Yangko comes out of the child". There are three types of Yangko in Changli: Niu, Chou, Chou and Gongzi, each with its own characteristics. When Yangko originated in Changli, all roles were performed by men. Influenced by Mongolian culture in terms of roles, structures, and costumes, the "tassel hat" worn by the "ugly" character in local Yangko today was developed from Mongolian costumes. Changli Yangko is closely related to local folk songs, dances and operas. Its expression is lively and rich in content. It shows the artistic characteristics of role-based and industry-oriented. It can profoundly express the character's personality and emotions, and express the intention of the movements richly and delicately. This It is very prominent in folk dance. Famous Yangko dramas in Changli Yangge include "Flapping Butterflies", "Sawing the Cylinder", "Wang Erxiao Rushing", "Silly Pillar Picking Up His Wife", "Running Donkey", etc. The dance of Changli Yangko emphasizes the mutual cooperation of all parts of the body. The shoulders, hips, knees, and wrists twist and turn flexibly, and the performance is humorous and interesting. Several local yangko styles and schools, including the Zhou style represented by the famous folk artist Zhou Guobao, the Zhang style represented by Zhang Qian, and the Lu style represented by Lu Fengchun, have their own charms and are well-known to every household. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Changli Yangko program "Donkey Racing" participated in the World Youth Festival and won the silver medal. In 1996, Changli County was named the "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Changli Yangge is a form of Yangge that embodies the interests of farmers’ life and has a distinctive and unique dance style. It reflects some characteristics of agricultural society and rural life and the optimistic and humorous spiritual outlook of farmers. However, due to the rapid development of social economy and the aging of artists, the inheritance of Changli Yangko is facing a severe situation and is in urgent need of rescue and protection.

Yangge and Drum Yangge

Application area or unit: Shanghe County, Shandong Province

Drum Yangge is distributed in the Shanghe area of ??the Lubei Plain in present-day Shandong Province. , is one of the three major Yangko dances in Shandong. Drum Yangko originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, became popular in the Ming Dynasty, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. According to a famous local veteran artist, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the Shanghe area suffered from successive disasters. Bao Gong came here from Henan to distribute grain and relieve the victims, and his subordinates taught the drum and Yangko to the local people. Later, people would perform Yangko during the Spring Festival to show their gratitude to Bao Gong. This has been passed down to this day and has become a custom.

People from Shanghe to the elderly and at least children love to learn to dance the drum and yangko dance. Yangko teams can be organized in 21 towns and more than 800 villages in the county. There are five roles in the Yangko team: umbrella head, drum, stick, wax flower, and clown. The performance styles are very different and the charm is unique. The existing drum yangko is mainly divided into two parts: the "journey" and the "running field". The "journey" is the dance performed by the dance team before marching or entering the venue; the "running field" is the main body of the performance, and it is divided into "wen" performed by different roles. Field" and "Martial Field". The venues where the drum and yangko performances are performed are extremely rich in formations, including "Niu Nose Pliers", "Gou Xin Mei", "One Street and Two Gates", "Liu Liu Da Shun", "Inside, Four and Outside Eight", and "Eight Streets". , "Four-door Dou" and more than 100 kinds. The movements of the "Umbrella Head" are round, the movements of the "Drum" are rough and bold, the movements of the "Stick" are light and agile, the movements of the "Lahua" are bold and generous, and the movements of shaking, making circles, crouching, jumping and jumping are unique to each character. *have.

Guzi Yangko has many dancers, with strict organization, complete form, strong dancing skills and majestic momentum. It contains profound historical and cultural connotations, rich flavor of the times and distinctive local characteristics. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guzi Yangko participated in many national folk art competitions and won many awards. In 1996, Shanghe County was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture. The inheritance and development of Guzi Yangko has enriched the cultural life of the masses, inherited the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, and has high aesthetic and research value.

Yangge·Jiaozhou Yangge

Application area or unit: Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province

Jiaozhou Yangge is one of the three major Yangge in Shandong, also known as "local Yangge" , "Playing Yangko", "Yangge Dance", "Twisting the Waist", "Three Bends", etc. are popular in Dongxiaotun Village, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province. Jiaozhou Yangge originated in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. According to the description in "Yang Lyrics" written by Song Guanwei of the Qing Dynasty, it is speculated that the dance movements, trade names, costumes and props of Jiaozhou Yangge at that time were basically the same as today.

Jiaozhou Yangko has roles such as plasterer, Cuihua, fan girl, Xiao, stick, drum and so on. The basic movements mainly include "Cuihua twist three steps", "fan turning", "small twist", "Banghua", "Eight Forms of Ugly Drums", etc. The performance program consists of three parts: "Opening Remarks", "Running Field" and "Small Play". The running field formations include "Cross Plum", "Four-Door Dou", "Two Doors" "Gate", "Poor and Negative", "Big Team", "Rope Head", etc., as well as short plays such as "Send a Daughter", "Three Sages", "Sister-in-law", "Double Pushing Mill" and so on. In Jiaozhou Yangge, women's dance movements are like lifting and stepping, and their waists are floating. They walk like willows swinging in the wind. They are full of resilience and curvaceous beauty. The "twisting waist" and "three bends" are their representative movements; the "stick" movement is crisp and free. ; The movements of "Guzi" have "eight states of ugly drum", which have a peculiar charm. Its music consists of three parts: percussion, suona and folk tunes. There were originally 72 repertoires of Xiaoxi Yangko, and 135 are now available. There are more than 100 Yangko troupes in Jiaozhou city.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, relevant personnel have excavated and compiled Jiaozhou Yangko seven times, and now it has been compiled into one of the teaching materials for Han nationality dance. In 1996, Xiaotun Village was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Jiaozhou Yangge originated in the countryside, is active among the people, and evolves on its own in the process of development. It is a square folk art in which the masses spontaneously participate, freely vent, and entertain themselves. It shows the unique and healthy body shape of rural women in Jiaodong Gentle and charming, it has high aesthetic value and artistic research value.

Yangge·Haiyang Yangge

Application area or unit: Haiyang City, Shandong Province

Haiyang Yangge is one of the three major Yangge in Shandong. The dance part of the folk society is popular in Haiyang City on the southern flank of the Shandong Peninsula and on the coast of the Yellow Sea.

Haiyang Yangko is a folk art form that integrates singing, dancing and drama. It is spread across more than ten towns and villages in Haiyang and radiates to surrounding areas. According to the "Genealogy of the Zhao Family" in Zhaojiazhuang, Haiyang: "The second generation ancestor (Zhao) Tong, hereditary (Dasongwei) commanded and suppressed, and was granted the title of General Wulue. In the first year of Hongxi, I was delighted to have the fifth generation in the same family, and was bestowed with ' Qiye Yanxiang's amount was hung on Gu Dan, and all the conductors and Jin gentry came to congratulate him. He heard about "Shao" and led him to create and practice the Yangge, and he danced and sang in the court. "It can be seen from this that Haiyang Yangge was actually created. Ming Dynasty.

The Haiyang Yangko performance is rich in content and the team structure is rigorous, mainly composed of three parts. First in line when traveling is the deacon section, followed by the band, and then the dance team. The dance team has dozens of people with various roles, including the conductor - Medicine Doctor, collective performers - Hua Gu, Xiao, Bawang Whip, double performers - Seller and Cuihua, Hoop and Aunt Wang, Ugly Woman and Silly Woman. Young men, old men and wives, husband-in-law and daughter-in-law, etc., and last in the list are Yang opera characters or opera performers. The commonly used formations of the Yangko team include "Two dragons spitting their beards", "Bagua Dou", "Dragon waving its tail", "Dragon coiling its tail", "Two dragons strangulating columns", "Three fish fighting for the head", and "Stars holding the moon". wait. The outstanding feature of Haiyang Yangge dance movements is the combination of running and twisting. The dancers twist while running. The women twist their waists and fan, step up and shake their shoulders, which is lively and generous; the men shake their heads and wave their arms and shoulders with trembling steps, which is hearty and funny.

The Haiyang Yangge is a reflection of the collective wisdom and creative spirit of the Haiyang people. In reality, the Haiyang Yangge clearly shows the spiritual outlook and character traits of the rural people in Haiyang, and is a symbol of regional culture. It is an important component with aesthetic and historical value, and plays an important role in enriching the cultural life of the masses and building a harmonious society. Haiyang Yangge has now been compiled into one of the teaching materials for Han nationality dance. In 1996, Hai Duong City was named the "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Yangge·Northern Shaanxi Yangge

Application area or unit: Suide County, Shaanxi Province

Northern Shaanxi Yangge is a widely spread dance in the northern Shaanxi Plateau. The mass and representative traditional dance is also known as "Nao Honghuo", "Nao Yangko", "Nao Shehuo", "Nao Yangge", etc. It is mainly distributed in Yulin, Yan'an, Suide, Mizhi and other places in Shaanxi Province. It has a long history, rich content and diverse forms. Among them, Suide Yangge is the most representative.

Suide can be said to be the center of Yangko in northern Shaanxi. The rural areas there still retain the traditional Yangko performance procedures, etiquette and style features. Among them, there are the "Shenhui Yangko" and "Twenty-eight Sustained Nights" used by ancient villagers to drive Nuo. "Old Yangko" and new Yangko that only emerged after 1942. There are often dozens of yangko performers, sometimes as many as nearly a hundred. Under the leadership of the umbrella leader, they dance to the sonorous gongs and drums and the loud suona, twisting, swinging, walking, jumping and turning. . Immersed in the joyful and festive atmosphere, the Yangko performance on the northern Shaanxi Plateau is very popular. Yangko absorbs artistic elements from local popular forms such as water boats, running donkeys, stilts, lions, and kicking balls to form a mighty Yangko team.

The traditional Lao Yangge and Shenhui Yangge retain sacrificial etiquette such as "starting", "visiting the temple", and "worshiping the gods". The performances also include worshiping the door (also known as the door along the door), setting up colorful doors, stepping on the big field, and turning around. Jiuqu and other activities. A Yangko team ranges from dozens to hundreds of people. The performances include "twisting on the spot", "walking the cross step", "three steps and one jump", "slanting step", "shoulder shaking step", etc., in northern Shaanxi Yangko is divided into two types: "big field" and "small field". The formations of the big field are rich in changes, including "dragon swinging its tail", "rolling cabbage", "cross plum blossom", "two dragons spitting water", "twelve lotus lanterns" " and hundreds of arrangements; small performances include "water boat", "running donkey", "stilts", "overlord whip", etc. It can also be divided into "Wen Changzi", "Wu Changzi", "Kicking Changzi", "Ugly Changzi", etc. based on the style and content of the movements. Among them, "Kicking Changzi" is a pas de deux that expresses the love life of men and women, and has more difficult dance moves. , need to demonstrate difficult skills such as "soft waist", "two kicks", "three feet without landing", "dragon claws through the clouds", "golden rooster independence", "golden hook upside down". Northern Shaanxi Yangko became the protagonist in the Yan'an New Yangko Movement in 1942. It was endowed with a new spiritual outlook and contemporary content, and spread throughout the country with the development of the revolutionary situation.

Northern Shaanxi Yangge reflects the simple, honest and optimistic character of the people in northern Shaanxi and has outstanding historical and cultural value.

Yangge·Fushun Yangge

Application area or unit: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Fushun Yangge is sometimes called "Tatar Yangge". It is a folk dance form with a long history and strong national, folk and regional characteristics. It is mainly spread in the birthplace of Fushun Manchu in present-day Liaoning Province. Fushun Yangge was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. It has a direct relationship with the folk dance of the Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, there was a dance called "Stepping Hammer" in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a song and dance called "Mang Style" in the Ming Dynasty. They had a certain influence on the formation of Yangko in Fushun.

The most representative characters in Fushun Yangge are the "Tatar official" dressed in flags and the "Kritu" who only wears a leather jacket, a cross-body string of bells and various living and hunting utensils ( Commonly known as "Outer Tartars"). Most of their performance movements are derived from the primitive production and life of the Manchus, such as prancing horses, archery, and fighting. Some of them imitate the movements of eagles, tigers, bears, etc., and many of them contain elements of traditional dance. The Yangko movements include squatting, stomping, crossing, swinging, and trembling. They are rich, vigorous and bold, and have distinct characteristics of the fishing and hunting life and the Eight Banners fighting life. The accompaniment music borrows the percussion form of the Manchu shaman's dance, including "Old Three Points", "Seven Sticks", "Quick Drum Points" and other playing methods, which are quite different from Han Yangge. Fushun Yangge has been popular in Fushun area since the Qing Dynasty and is deeply loved by the masses. According to a survey in 1986, there were 50 yangko troupes active at that time. However, currently there are only 4 yangko troupes with clear origins and lineage of inheritors.

Fushun Yangko has been popular among the people for a long time. Due to environmental changes, the decrease in the number of veteran artists and other reasons, it has become difficult to carry out regular Yangko activities in Fushun. The formations and movements of the performances are also gradually being simplified. They are on the verge of extinction and require vigorous support.