Schubert was taught violin by his father and piano by his brother ignaz. At the age of 11, he entered the local theological boarding school and began to show his special talent in music creation. The song "Hagar's Lament" (1811), which is often sung in concerts all over the world, was composed by Schubert when he was in this school.
In p>185 and 189, Napoleon's army invaded Vienna twice, and the Austrian people fought bravely. On May 21-22, 189, Napoleon was defeated in Asper on the east bank of the Danube River in Vienna. This year, the Tyrol people in the Alps in western Austria also launched an uprising under the leadership of the patriot A. Hofer. Schubert was only a 12-year-old boy at that time, but since then, Schubert's young mind has nurtured the idea of opposing rape and loving the motherland. Shortly after Schubert left boarding school in early 1813, he was introduced by his classmate J.N. Shi Baoen and met the young patriotic poet T. K. In this year, K joined the Volunteer Army led by General A.F.von Law Zuo, devoted himself to the national liberation struggle, and died in a battle in August of the same year. After K's poems were compiled and published by his father, Schubert wrote songs and duets for 15 patriotic poems in 1815 ~ 1816, including Prayer in Battle, The Wild Hunting Team of Law Left and Song of Sword, which were full of fighting enthusiasm. In October 1813, Napoleon suffered a devastating blow at the Battle of Leipzig, and Schubert was full of enthusiasm and wrote a chorus of "Singing the Victory of Germany". In March 1814, the allied forces entered Paris, and Schubert wrote the male chorus of "European Liberators in Paris". However, as Engels said: "The victory over Napoleon is the victory of the European monarchy over the French revolution." The Vienna Conference in 1814 ~ 1815 restored the reactionary rule of the old dynasties in Europe. Metternich made the Austrian Empire a "prison for all nationalities". Schubert wrote a lot of works in this suffocating political atmosphere, which reflected the painful feelings and beautiful ideals of petty-bourgeois intellectuals.
in p>1814, Schubert worked as an assistant teacher in his father's school. During this period, he devoted himself to writing, and wrote more than 14 songs from 1814 to 1815. These masterpieces include Gresham by the Spinning Wheel, Mourning of the Shepherd, The Devil, Wild Rose, Song of the Lost Mother, etc. In 1816, Schubert got rid of his position as an assistant teacher, lived with his friend F.von Schobel, endured the hardships of life and devoted himself to composing music. Schobel is a Swedish amateur poet. Schubert wrote 12 songs with his poems, among which To Music is the most famous one. In June, 1816, Schubert wrote the cantata Prometheus for the naming day of Professor H. Vatterodt, which was the first time he got paid for composing music. A composer who was not famous when he was alive was the object of cruel exploitation by publishers at that time. Schubert's living expenses are very meager. For a world-famous song like Wanderer, Schubert only got two Gul Dunes (about 1.69 marks each), while the publisher earned 27, Gul Dunes in 4 years.
under the reactionary rule of the metternich government, frivolous and vulgar entertainment music adapted to the needs of the ruling class to anesthetize the people was popular in Vienna. Some poets, painters, playwrights and musicians who hate metternich's reactionary rule and demand democracy and freedom have formed various groups to engage in tit-for-tat activities against this vulgar art. Schubert is the center of one of the groups. This group often holds parties and performs songs, dances, music and plays. There are more than 4 people in this group, among whom the main figures are J.von Shi Baoen who studies law and music, poets J Maierhofer and Schobel, painters L Coupel Vizer and M.von Schwind, musician Froehlich's three sisters composer A Xu Teng brenner, and famous baritone singer J M vogel, who was the earliest singer of Schubert's many famous songs.
From August to September, 1819, representatives of German monarchs gathered in Carlsbad under the auspices of metternich and passed the Carlsbad resolution to suppress all liberal ideas and democratic revolutionary movements. In 1824, when the police were crowded and spies were rampant, Schubert wrote "Song of Soldiers" on New Year's Eve that year, which revealed his infinite indignation at the victory of the national liberation war being usurped by the feudal restoration forces. Many of his most mature symphonies, chamber music and songs were written in the darkest reactionary years after the Carlsbad resolution.
Schubert worships L.van Beethoven very much. In 1822, he dedicated his four piano variations on French songs to him. When Beethoven was dying in 1827, Schubert visited him twice. On March 29th, Schubert held a torch to attend Beethoven's funeral. On November 18, 1828, Schubert was so ill that he went into a coma and said, "Didn't Beethoven sleep here?" The next day, Schubert died at the age of 31. According to Schubert's last wish to be buried next to Beethoven's tomb, his brother Ferdinand placed his grave in the tomb of Willinggong in Vienna, which is adjacent to Beethoven's grave. In 1888, Schubert and Beethoven's grave were moved to the central cemetery in Vienna together. The original Weiling cemetery became Schubert Park.
in his short creative career of more than ten years, Schubert has written a large number of music works in various genres, including more than 6 songs, 18 operas, operas and accompanying music, 1 symphonies, 19 string quartets, 22 piano sonatas, 4 violin sonatas and many other works.
Song is a creative field in which Schubert has made special achievements. He wrote a large number of songs for the works (mainly lyric poems) of poets such as J.w.von Goethe (72 songs), Maierhofer (47 songs), F Schiller (46 songs) and W Miller (44 songs), and closely combined music with poetry. He uses expressive melody and harmony to express the realm of poetry. In his songs, lyrical and singing tunes occupy an important position, but the expressive recitation tunes also play a great role, especially in the narrative song "Devil" and the dramatic song "Prometheus". Piano accompaniment in Schubert's songs not only plays a foil role to the melody, but also is an important means to create a specific artistic conception. Schubert's songs are closely related to the folk music languages of Austria and Germany. His songs such as Wild Rose, Trout and Bodhi Tree later became popular folk songs.
Schubert wrote "The Beautiful Mill Girl" in 1823 and "A Journey in Winter" in 1827, both of which were vocal divertimentos with the theme of frustrated vagrants, and the lyrics were written by the poet Miller. The frustrated tramp is an important image in Schubert's works. Two songs, such as Wanderer, Wanderer's Love for the Moon, Wanderer's Nightsong and piano music Fantasia for Wanderer, are also works of this kind. In Austria at that time, although people lived in their hometown, they felt that they were strangers. Schubert's works reflect this cruel reality. In the last year of his life (1828), Schubert set music to nine poems by the German poet L. Relstaub. After Schubert's death, his friends published seven of these nine songs, together with six songs written by Schubert for H. Heine and one other song, as one set, which means "The Last Masterpiece". It is the third album of Schubert's songs, along with The Beautiful Mill Girl and A Journey in Winter.
among Schubert's 1 symphonies, the most important ones are Symphony No.4 in C minor (known as Symphony Tragedy, 1816), Symphony No.5 in B flat major (1816), Symphony No.8 in B minor (known as Symphony Unfinished, 1822) and Symphony No.9 in C major (1816). Symphony No.8 in B minor is a romantic lyric symphony written by Schubert when he stayed with his friend Schobel in 1822. After only two movements, he didn't write any more. Its manuscript was buried for more than 4 years before it was discovered in 1865. Symphony in C minor and B minor both reflect tragic real life. But C minor is weak, while B minor is much more profound. Schubert used the theme of song to express the moving tragic image, and at the same time enthusiastically expressed the conflict between the heroic image and the tragic image. The Ninth Symphony in C major, written in 1828, made a big step forward, from the first movement, the second movement, the energetic third movement, to the magnificent fourth movement, which is permeated with an indomitable spirit. The fourth movement, in particular, is full of heroic spirit and marks the peak of Schubert's creation. In August 1825, Schubert and vogel traveled together from Salzburg to Badgerstein, where they wrote a symphony, but the manuscript has been lost and has not been handed down from generation to generation. Schubert's famous works include String Quartet in D minor (Death and Girl, 1824), Piano Quintet Trout, String Quintet in C major, Piano Fantasia for a Wanderer, Moment of Music, Impromptu in E flat major, Sonata in A major, and rosamond.