Chapter VIII and Chords

The first chord

In multi-part music, the combination of more than three sounds that can be arranged in a three-dimensional relationship is called a chord.

the third chord in the second quarter

A chord in which three tones are superimposed in a three-degree relationship is called a triad.

In a triad, the lower note is called the root note, or the first note, which is represented by the number 1; The middle tone is called the third tone, which is represented by the number 3; The above note is called the fifth note, which is represented by the number 5.

The main types of triads are as follows:

1. major triad: the root to the third tone is a major third, the third to the fifth tone is a minor third, and the root to the fifth tone is a pure fifth.

2. minor chord: the root to the third is a minor, the third to the fifth is a major, and the root to the fifth is a pure fifth.

Less commonly used types are:

1. Adding a triad: the root tone to the third tone and the third tone to the fifth tone are all major third degrees, and the root tone to the fifth tone is an increase of five degrees.

2. Subtractive triad: the root to the third and the third to the fifth are all minor degrees, and the root to the fifth is MINUS three degrees.

the seventh chord in the third quarter

A chord in which four tones are stacked in a three-degree interval relationship is called a seventh chord. The three notes below the seventh chord are the same as the notes in the third chord, which are called the root note, the third note, the fifth note, and the fourth note, which is called the seventh note because it is seven degrees away from the root note, and is represented by the number 7. The seventh chord

is also named because of this seventh degree.

All seven chords are dissonant chords, because they contain dissonant seven degrees.

The name of the seventh chord is named according to the category of the triad and the interval relationship between the root tone and the seventh tone.

based on major triad, a seventh chord whose root to seventh degree is a minor seventh degree is called a major seventh chord.

based on the minor chord, the seventh chord with the root to the seventh degree is called the minor seventh chord.

based on the minus triad, the root to the seventh degree is the seventh degree, which is called minus seventh chord (half minus seventh chord).

On the basis of minus three chords, the root to the seventh note is minus seven chords, which is called minus seven chords (minus seven chords).

In addition to the four commonly used heptachords mentioned above, there are many other types of heptachords, such as augmented heptachord, major heptachord, minor heptachord and so on.

in-situ chords and inversion chords in the fourth quarter

A chord whose root sound is the bass (lowest sound) is called in-situ chord.

chords with the third, fifth and seventh chords as the bass are called transposed chords.

A triad has two tones besides the root, and all triads have two inversions.

a triad with the third note as the bass is called the first inversion of the triad, which is also called the sixth chord, and is represented by the number 6.

a triad with the fifth as the bass is called the second inversion of the triad, which is also called the fourth or sixth chord.

The seventh chord has three notes besides the root, so the seventh chord has three inversions.

the seventh chord with the third note as the bass is called the first inversion of the seventh chord. Also known as the fifth and sixth chords.

the seventh chord with the fifth as the bass is called the second inversion of the seventh chord, which is also called the third or fourth chord.

methods of composing and identifying chords in section 5

methods of composing and identifying chords: 1. remember the interval structure of chords and compose and identify chords according to the interval structure. 2. First, determine the root sound of the chord, construct or find out the original form of the chord according to the root sound, and then construct and identify the transposed chord according to the original chord.

Isochords in Section 6

When two chords are heard in isolation, they have the same sound effect, but they have different meanings in music and are written in different ways. Such chords are called isochords. Isotonic chords, like intervals, are produced by the change of isotonic sounds.

There are two types of equal chords:

1. The tone in the chord does not change the structure of the interval because of the change of equal tones.

2. Change the structure of the chord due to the change of equal tone.

Chapter IX Rhythm

Section I Rhythm

The relationship between the length of sounds organized is called rhythm.

in the whole music or part of music, the typical rhythm is called rhythm type.

The special form of rhythm division in the second quarter

The number of sounds is not consistent with the basic division, which is called the special form of rhythm division, that is, the usual slur.

if the sound value is divided into three parts instead of two parts, a triplet is formed, which is represented by the number 3. And so on.

two triplets (with stress on the first and fourth tones) and a sextuplet (with stress on the first, third and fifth tones) cannot be confused.

Divide the notes with dotted points into two parts instead of three parts, and a two-tone is formed, which is represented by the number 2.

The stress beat in the third section

Compared with the surrounding sounds, the sound that is more prominent in the

intensity of the sound is called stress.

There are two kinds of stress: real (that is, physically existing) and imaginary (if at rest or when playing the organ). Stress is marked ">" And bar lines.

The same time segments with and without stress are repeated in a certain order, which is called beats. Beats are organized by the relationship between strength and weakness.

The stresses used to form beats are called beat stresses, and most of the beat stresses appear periodically, such as every other beat and two beats.

each time segment used to form a beat is called a unit beat.

The stressed unit beat is called the strong beat, and the unstressed unit beat is called the weak beat.

in music, the beat unit is represented by fixed notes, which is called beat. Beats are marked with scores. The numerator represents the number of unit beats in each bar. The denominator represents the duration of the note in the unit beat.

the horizontal line in the score mark is replaced by the third line on the staff.

the sign indicating the beat is called the time signature. The time signature is written after clef and key signature.

in music, the part between one strong beat and the next is called a bar.

A vertical line that passes through the staff and separates bars from each other is called a bar line. Bar lines are written before the strong beat as a sign of the strong beat.

where the music is obviously segmented or at the end of the music, it is represented by two bars.

a piece of music or a passage in a piece of music starts from a weak position of a weak beat or a strong beat, which is called a weak bar. Weak bars are called incomplete bars. It is often combined with the last bar of a certain paragraph in the later music to form a complete bar.